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| {{short description|Indian politician and actress, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)}}
| | #redirect [[J. Jayalalithaa]] |
| {{Indian name|Jayalalithaa|Jayaram}}
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| {{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
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| {{Infobox officeholder
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| | name = J. Jayalalithaa
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| | image = J Jayalalithaa.jpg
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| | caption = Jayalalithaa in August 2015
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| | office = 5th [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
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| | term_start = 23 May 2015
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| | term_end = 5 December 2016
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| | governor = {{ubl|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] (Additional Charge)}}
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| | predecessor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
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| | successor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
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| | constituency = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
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| | term_start1 = 16 May 2011
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| | term_end1 = 27 September 2014
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| | governor1 = {{ubl|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]}}
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| | predecessor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | successor1 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
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| | constituency1 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
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| | term_start2 = 2 March 2002
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| | term_end2 = 12 May 2006
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| | governor2 = {{ubl|[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]}}
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| | predecessor2 = M. Karunanidhi
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| | successor2 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | constituency2 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
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| | term_start3 = 14 May 2001
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| | term_end3 = 21 September 2001
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| | governor3 = {{ubl|[[Fathima Beevi]]|[[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge)}}
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| | predecessor3 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | successor3 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
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| | constituency3 = ''Did not contest''
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| | term_start4 = 24 June 1991
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| | term_end4 = 12 May 1996
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| | governor4 = {{ubl|[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]}}
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| | predecessor4 = [[President's rule]]
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| | successor4 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | constituency4 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
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| | office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
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| | term_start5 = 3 April 1984
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| | term_end5 = 28 January 1989
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| | 1blankname5 = Leader of the House
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| | 1namedata5 = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
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| | predecessor5 = [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
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| | successor5 = [[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
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| | constituency5 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
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| | office6 = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
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| | term_start6 = 29 May 2006
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| | term_end6 = 14 May 2011
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| | 1blankname6 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata6 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | predecessor6 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
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| | successor6 = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
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| | constituency6 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
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| | 1blankname7 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata7 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | term_start7 = 9 February 1989
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| | term_end7 = 30 November 1989
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| | predecessor7 = [[O. Subramanian]]
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| | successor7 = [[S. R. Eradha]]
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| | constituency7 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
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| | office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
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| | term_start8 = 4 July 2015
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| | term_end8 = 5 December 2016
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| | 1blankname8 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata8 = ''Herself''
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| | predecessor8 = [[P. Vetrivel]]
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| | successor8 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
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| | constituency8 = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
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| | term_start9 = 23 May 2011
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| | term_end9 = 27 September 2014
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| | 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata9 = ''Herself''
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| | predecessor9 = [[M. Paranjothi]]
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| | successor9 = [[S. Valarmathi]]
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| | constituency9 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
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| | term_start10 = 24 February 2002
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| | term_end10 = 14 May 2011
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| | 1blankname10 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata10 = {{ubl|''Herself''|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
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| | predecessor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
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| | successor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
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| | constituency10 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
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| | term_start11 = 1 July 1991
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| | term_end11 = 12 May 1996
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| | 1blankname11 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata11 = ''Herself''
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| | predecessor11 = [[K. R. Rajendran]]
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| | successor11 = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
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| | constituency11 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
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| | term_start12 = 6 February 1989
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| | term_end12 = 30 January 1991
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| | 1blankname12 = Chief Minister
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| | 1namedata12 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
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| | predecessor12 = [[K. S. M. Ramachandran]]
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| | successor12 = [[V. Panneerselvam]]
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| | constituency12 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
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| | office13 = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
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| | term_start13 = 9 February 1989
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| | term_end13 = 5 December 2016
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| | 1blankname13 = Inaugural Holder
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| | 1namedata13 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
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| | predecessor13 = S. Raghavanandam
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| | successor13 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
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| | office14 = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
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| | term_start14 = 1983
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| | term_end14 = 1984
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| | 1blankname14 = Party President
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| | 1namedata14 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
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| | 2blankname14 = General Secretary
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| | 2namedata14 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
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| | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
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| | birth_place = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]]<br />(present day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
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| | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
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| | death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
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| | death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
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| | death_cause = [[Cardiac Arrest]]
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| | resting_place = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivi Jayalalithaa Ninaividam]]
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| | party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[File:AIADMK Two Leaves.png|28x28px]]
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| | relatives = [[Deepa Jayakumar]] (niece)
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| | residence = Veda Nilayam<br />81, Poes Garden, [[Chennai]],<br />[[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
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| | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
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| | profession = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
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| | awards = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
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| * [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
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| | signature = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
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| | nickname = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi'' , "Iron Lady of Tamilnadu".
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| }}
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| '''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />
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| Jayalalithaa first came into prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had entered the profession reluctantly, upon the urging of her mother to support the family, Jayalalithaa worked prolifically. She appeared in [[Jayalalithaa filmography|140 films]] between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and for her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".<ref name="jjte">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Telugu stars mourn Amma's loss!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/jayalalithaa-death-telugu-stars-mourn-ammas-loss_1956451.html|access-date=18 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Among her frequent co-stars was [[M. G. Ramachandran]], popularly known as M.G.R, a Tamil [[cultural icon]] who leveraged his immense popularity with the masses into a successful political career. In 1982, when M.G.R was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[India's Parliament]]. After M.G.R's death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], M.G.R's widow, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 election]], she became Leader of the Opposition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]-led government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]], her ''bête noire''.
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| In [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] Jayalalithaa became chief minister, Tamil Nadu's youngest, for the first time. She earned a reputation for centralizing state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son in 1995. In the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]], the [[AIADMK]] was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Karunanidhi]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the [[Indian general election, 1998 (Tamil Nadu)|1998 general election]], as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered [[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|another general election]] just a year later.
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| The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidized {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalization, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.
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| On 29 May 2020, Jayalalithaa's nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa’s niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>
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| <references />
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