Timeline of the Kashmir conflict: Difference between revisions

 

[[Maharaja Hari Singh]] grants exclusive rights to state subjects (permanent residents) for the first time in the 1927 (and subsequent 1932 order) Hereditary State Subject order. One could gain state subject status after 10 years of permanent residence.<ref>https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/documents/actsandordinances/State_Subject_Rules.htm</ref><ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-mulling-option-of-introducing-residency-norms-for-jammu-kashmir/articleshow/73087617.cms</ref>}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1931}}|event=The movement against the repressive Maharaja [[Hari Singh]] began and was brutally suppressed by the State forces. Hari Singh was part of a Hindu [[Dogra dynasty]] which ruled over a majority Muslim State. The predominantly Muslim population was kept poor, illiterate and inadequately represented in the State's services.}}<ref>Prem Nath Bazaz, Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir, New Delhi 1954, pp.140-166</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1932|4}}|event=The Glancy Commission appointed by the Maharaja recommended the establishment of a legislative assembly, called the ''Praja Sabha''. It would have 75 members, with 15 official representatives, 33 elected representatives and the remaining seats held by the Maharaja's nominees. Of the 33 elected seats, 21 would be reserved for Muslims, 10 for Hindus and 2 for Sikhs.}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=18}}{{sfn|Mridu Rai, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects|2004|loc=Ch.&nbsp;5, Sec.&nbsp;v (Constructing Kashmiriyat)}} The Maharaja accepted these recommendations but delayed implementation, leading to protests in 1934. The Maharaja granted a constitution providing a legislative assembly for the people, but it was powerless.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1932|6}}|event=The [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] was founded by [[Sheikh Abdullah]] in collaboration with [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] to fight for the rights of the State's Muslims.}}{{sfn|Guha, Opening a Window in Kashmir|2004|p=80}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=18}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1934|9}}|event=The [[1934 Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha election|first elections for the ''Praja Sabha'']] (the state's legislative assembly) were held. The Muslim Conference won 16 of the 21 seats reserved for Muslims.}}<ref>{{citation |last=Copland |first=Ian |title=Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=54 |pages=228–259 |number=2 |date=1981 |jstor=2757363|doi=10.2307/2757363 }}</ref> Soon afterwards, the younger leaders of the Muslim Conference pleaded for broadening the party to include all the people of the state.{{sfn|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004|p=103}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1937}}|event=Sheikh Abdullah met with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] for the first time.}}{{sfn|Hiro|2015|loc=Chapter 6}}{{relevance inline|date=September 2017}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1938|5}}|event=The second election for the state's Legislative Assembly was held. The Muslim Conference won all 19 contested seats.}}{{sfn|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004|p=114}} Two independent candidates that won were said to have joined the Muslim Conference afterwards.{{sfn|Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah – A Biography|2016|p=248}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1939|6}}|event=Under Sheikh Abdullah's leadership, the Muslim Conference changed its name to [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] and opened membership to people of all religions.}}{{sfn|Guha, Opening a Window in Kashmir|2004|p=80}} At the same time, the National Conference joined the [[All India States Peoples Conference]], a [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-allied group of movements in princely states.{{sfn|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004|pp=142–143}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1941}}|event=[[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] left the National Conference and revived the old [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]]. The Muslim Conference became a client of the Jinnah-led [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]].}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=327}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1941}}|event=71,667 Kashmiris joined the British Indian Army for World War&nbsp;II; seven-eighths of them were Muslim, mainly from the Poonch-Mirpur area.}}{{sfn|Hiro|2015|loc=Chapter 6}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1944|4}}|event=Sheikh Abdullah proposed a [[Naya Kashmir]] (New Kashmir) programme to the Maharaja, calling for a constitutional monarchy.}}{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=203}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1944}}|event=[[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] visited Kashmir during the summer, supporting the Muslim Conference in preference to the National Conference.}}{{sfn|Hiro|2015|loc=Chapter 6}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|5}}|event=[[Sheikh Abdullah]] launched the [[Quit Kashmir]] movement against the Maharaja; he was arrested and charged with sedition. Jawaharlal Nehru attempted to go to Kashmir to defend Abdullah in court but was arrested and forced to leave the State.}}{{sfn|Hiro|2015|loc=Chapter 6}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|6}}|event= Representatives of the Muslim Conference met Jinnah in Karachi and were told to capitalise on the failure of Sheikh Abdullah to unseat the Maharaja.}}{{sfn|Jha, Rival Versions of History|1996|p=14}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|7}}|event=The Muslim Conference complained that Prime Minister [[Ram Chandra Kak]] was oppressing Muslims.}}{{sfn|Jha, Rival Versions of History|1996|p=14}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|7}}|event=The Maharaja declared that Kashmiris would decide their own destiny without outside interference.}}{{sfn|Guha, India after Gandhi|2011|p=xv}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|10}}|event=The Muslim Conference launched a "Campaign of Action" demanding the end of autocratic rule by the Maharaja. [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] was imprisoned.}}{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=23}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|11}}|event=The British Resident in Kashmir observed that the Maharaja and Prime Minister Ram Chandra Kak intended to stay away from the Indian Union (the proposed independent country, prior to the partition decision). The reason cited was "antagonism... displayed by a Congress Central Government" towards Kashmir.}}{{sfn|Guha, India after Gandhi|2011|p=xv}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|12}}|event=The British Resident reported that the "new leaders" of the Muslim Conference, Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas and [[Agha Shaukat Ali]], were stirring anti-Hindu sentiments in the guise of Muslim unity.}}{{sfn|Jha, Rival Versions of History|1996|p=14}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1946|12}}|event=Hindu and Sikh refugees from the [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara district]] poured into [[Muzaffarabad]]. 2,500 of them were looked after by the state.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|p=61}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|1}}|event= Elections were held for the State's legislative assembly. The National Conference boycotted the elections, and the Muslim Conference won 16 of the 21 Muslim seats.}}{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=23}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|3|2|df=y}} |event=[[Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana]] resigned as the premier of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]. Within a week, communal fires were set ablaze in [[Multan]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Amritsar]] and [[Lahore]], spreading to [[Campbellpur]], [[Murree]], [[Taxila]] and [[Attock]].}}{{sfn|Jalal, Self and Sovereignty|2002|p=513}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|3}}|event=Reuters reported that Kashmir had reinforced its troops along the Kashmir–Punjab border to ensure that the communal violence of Punjab did not spill into Kashmir. The border was virtually sealed.}}{{sfn|Jha, Rival Versions of History|1996|p=15}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|3}}|event=The British Resident reported that the [[Amin ul-Hasanat|Pir of Manki Sharif]], a Muslim League leader in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]], had sent agents to Kashmir to prepare the people for a "holy crusade".}}{{sfn|Jha, Rival Versions of History|1996|p=15}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|4}}|event=Hindus and Sikhs of [[Sialkot]] fled to [[Jammu]] in the face of increasing tensions.}}{{sfn|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath|2009|p=162}} The exodus increased in June and continued until August.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|4|21|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja was met by a gathering of 40,000 demobilised soldiers in [[Rawalakot]]. He was "specially impressed and alarmed", according to [[Azad Kashmir]] sources.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=41}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|5|1|df=y}} |event=The Maharani of Jammu and Kashmir along with Yuvraj [[Karan Singh]] initiated discussions with Justice [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]], a judge of the Punjab High Court with connections to the [[Indian National Congress]], to come in as the Prime Minister of Kashmir. Mahajan showed reluctance.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{citation |last=Jha |first=Prem Shankar |author-link=Prem Shankar Jha |title=Response (to the reviews of ''The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947'') |journal=Commonwealth and Comparative Politics |volume=36 |number=1 |date=March 1998|doi=10.1080/14662049808447762 |pages=113–123}}</ref>{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|p=113}}

 

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|6|19|df=y}} |event=[[Lord Mountbatten]] visited Kashmir for 5&nbsp;days to persuade the Maharaja to accede to India or Pakistan. The Maharaja showed reluctance.}}<ref name="Kak p.37">{{harvnb|Ankit, Pandit Ramchandra Kak|2010}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|6}}|event=The Maharaja met with Punjab businessman Rai Bahadur Gopal Das and expressed fears of ill-treatment at the hands of Congressmen. Gopal Das relayed this to Vallabhbhai Patel.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|pp=43–44}}{{sfn|Kapoor, Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir|2014|p=307}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|7}}|event=The Maharaja forced the disarming of demobilised soldiers in Poonch and Mirpur. Muslims complained that the arms they deposited with the police were distributed to Hindus and Sikhs for self-defence.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=41}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|7|3|df=y}} |event=Vallabhbhai Patel wrote to the Maharaja to allay his fears of ill-will from the Indian National Congress. Patel encouraged him to visit Delhi for discussions. The receipt of the letter was followed by detailed discussions between the Maharaja and Gopal Das. By 14 July, the Maharaja is reported to have decided on declaring general amnesty to all political prisoners and dismissing the Prime Minister [[Ram Chandra Kak]].}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|pp=44–45}}{{sfn|Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy|2007|pp=89–90}}<ref>{{citation |last=Dhar |first=D. N. |title=Dynamics of political change in Kashmir: from ancient to modern times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niZuAAAAMAAJ |date=2001 |publisher=Kanishka Publishers, Distributors |isbn=978-81-7391-418-8 |page=81}}</ref>{{sfn|Kapoor, Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir|2014|p=307}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|7|11|df=y}} |event=Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared that if Kashmir opted for independence, Pakistan would have friendly relations with it. Liaquat Ali Khan endorsed this position.}}<ref name=Puri>{{citation |first=Balraj |last=Puri |author-link=Balraj Puri |title=The Question of Accession |journal=Epilogue |volume=4 |number=11 |pages=4–6 |date=November 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMxJzb7N_8wC&pg=PA4}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|7|19|df=y}} |event=At a convention of the Muslim Conference in Srinagar, followers of Acting President Choudhry Hamidullah supported independence for the state, and those of Mirwaiz Yousuf Shah supported accession to Pakistan. The eventual compromise resolution requested the Maharaja to declare the "internal autonomy" of the state and accede to Pakistan for defence, foreign affairs and communications. Jinnah's personal secretary [[K. H. Khurshid]] assured the Maharaja that Pakistan would not "take away an iota of his power".}}<ref name=Puri/>{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=25}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|1|df=y}} |event=The [[Gilgit Agency]] was transferred by the British to the Maharaja. British Political Agent Colonel Roger Bacon handed over power to Major Ghansara Singh, the appointed Governor of Gilgit. Major William Brown was appointed the commander of [[Gilgit Scouts]].}}{{sfn|Brown|2014|loc=Preface}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|11|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja dismissed Prime Minister Ram Chandra Kak and replaced him with retired Major [[Janak Singh]]. A second invitation was made to Justice Mahajan to become Prime Minister. Due to floods and partition violence, the message reached him on 25 August.}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|p=123}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|11|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|8|13|df=y}}|event=Partition violence erupted in Sialkot, and drove the surviving Hindus and Sikhs to Jammu.}}{{sfn|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath|2009|pp=166–167}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|18|df=y}} |event=In one of the worst train massacres of the Partition, [[Lohar]]s and 'Kashmiris' of [[Nizamabad (Pakistan) railway station|Nizamabad]] killed all the Hindu and Sikh passengers of a Wazirabad–Jammu train.}}{{sfn|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath|2009|pp=144–149}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|20|df=y}} |event=Pakistan Army formulated [[Operation Gulmarg]] to organise a tribal invasion of Kashmir.}}{{sfn|Jasbir Singh, Roar of the Tiger|2013|p=4}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|23|df=y}} |event=Rebels under the command of [[Sardar Abdul Qayyum]] fired on the State Forces at [[Bagh, Azad Kashmir|Bagh]].}}<ref name="Cheema p.57">{{harvnb|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|p=57}}</ref> According to Major General [[Henry Lawrence Scott]], the Chief of Staff of State Forces, they had been incited by 30 Muslims from West Punjab that entered the State a few days earlier.{{sfn|Ankit, Henry Scott|2010|p=47}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|25|df=y}} |event=The Maharani's emissary delivered an invitation to Justice Mahajan, with a repeated request on 7 September.}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|p=123}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|8|25|df=y}} |event=The Muslim Conference wrote to Pakistani Prime Minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] and claimed that the state's government and the National Conference were intriguing. "If, God forbid, the Pakistan Government or the Muslim League do not act, Kashmir might be lost to them and the responsibility would be theirs," warned the communication.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=103}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9}} |event=Pakistan Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan charged [[Mian Iftikharuddin]] with organising a revolt in Kashmir. Iftikharuddin introduced the Muslim Conference leader [[Sardar Ibrahim]] to Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]]. Sardar Ibrahim requested and received arms for the rebels.}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya, What Price Freedom|2013|pp=25–27}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|4|df=y}} |event=Henry Lawrence Scott informed the Maharaja that 400 armed Muslims infiltrated from [[Kahuta Tehsil|Kahuta]] into the state to terrorise the Hindu and Sikh minorities. Kashmir reported the information to Pakistan and urged it to control the infiltration.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=90–91}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=43}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|4|df=y}} |event=''[[Civil & Military Gazette]]'' reported that there was an [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|uprising in the Poonch]] area.}}{{sfn|Hiro|2015|p=115}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|9|df=y}} |event=Pakistan blocked supplies of petrol, sugar, salt and kerosene and stopped trade in timber, fruits, fur and carpets in violation of the standstill agreement.}}<ref name="October 1947">{{harvnb|Ankit, October 1947|2010|p=9}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|12|df=y}} |event=Liaquat Ali Khan approved the plan for "Armed Revolt inside Kashmir" prepared by Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and another plan prepared by Sardar [[Shaukat Hayat Khan]]. Khurshid Anwar of the Muslim League National Guard was dispatched to the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Frontier]] to mobilise the Pashtun tribes for an armed attack.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=105–106}}{{sfn|Nawaz, First Kashmir Revisited|2008|p=120}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|13|df=y}} |event=Pakistan accepted the accession of the [[Junagadh State]]. The Poonch rebels in [[Murree]] began to lobby [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] with telegrams: "Atrocious military oppression in Poonch.... Kindly intervene."{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|p=182}}{{sfn|Zaidi, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers|2001|p=594}}}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|13|df=y}} |event=Vallabhbhai Patel approved the request from Jammu and Kashmir for the secondment of Col. Kashmir Singh Katoch. He was intended to head the State forces upon the departure of General Henry Lawrence Scott. However, in the event, he was only appointed as the military advisor to the Maharaja.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|p=43}}<ref>{{citation |last=Narain |first=Partap |title=Subedar to Field Marshal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRPfAAAAMAAJ |date=1999 |publisher=Manas Publications |isbn=978-81-7049-072-2 |ref={{sfnref|Narain, Subedar to Field Marshal|1999}}|page=237}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|13|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|9|18|df=y}}|event=Justice [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]] visited Kashmir and accepted the Maharaja's invitation to be the prime minister of the state.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|p=47}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|pp=124–125}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|19|df=y}} |event=Mahajan met [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] in Delhi and apprised them of the situation in the state. He indicated the Maharaja's willingness to accede to India but asked for political reforms to be delayed. Nehru demanded the release of Sheikh Abdullah.}}<ref name="Raghavan p.106">{{harvnb|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=106}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|20|df=y}} |event=According to [[Sardar Ibrahim]], a people's militia of 50,000 ex-servicemen had been raised to form an 'Azad Army'.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=44}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|22|df=y}} |event=Muslim Conference convention at Srinagar took a decision favouring accession to Pakistan.}}<ref>{{citation |last=Grover |first=Verinder |title=The Story of Kashmir: Political development, terrorism, militancy and human rights, efforts towards peace, with chronology of major political events |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zNuAAAAMAAJ |year=1995 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |page=474|isbn=9788171006779 }}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|26|df=y}} |event=The ''Pakistan Times'' reported that the Maharaja had decided to accede to India two weeks previously.}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|p=50}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|26|df=y}} |event=''[[Civil & Military Gazette]]'' reported on the 'Exodus of Muslims from Jammu'. 50,000 Muslims were said to have migrated to West Punjab, halving Jammu city's Muslim population.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=51}}{{sfn|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath|2009|p=182}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|27|df=y}} |event=Nehru wrote to [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] predicting a Pakistani incursion into Kashmir. He recommended that the Maharaja "make friends" with the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]].}}{{sfn|Guha, India after Gandhi|2011|p=xvi}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|29|df=y}} |event=[[Sheikh Abdullah]] was released from prison.}}<ref name="Raghavan p.106"/> [[Henry Lawrence Scott]], the Chief of Staff of the State Forces left his position. About 100,000 Muslims from East Punjab and an equal number of non-Muslims from West Punjab were safely escorted through Jammu by the State Forces.{{sfn|Ankit, Henry Scott|2010|p=44}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|9|30|df=y}} |event=Nehru proposed using [[plebiscite]] as a means of settling disputes regarding princely states. It was discussed in the Indian Cabinet and then communicated to Pakistani Prime Minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] in Delhi. Khan's eyes were said to have "sparkled" at the proposal, though he made no response.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=28–29}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|3|df=y}} |event=[[Khwaja Ghulam Nabi Gilkar]], under the assumed name "Mr. Anwar", issued the proclamation of a provisional 'Azad Kashmir' government in [[Muzaffarabad]]. This government fails with the arrest of Gilkar in Srinagar.}}<ref name="Snedden p.59">{{harvnb|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=59}}</ref>{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=233}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|5|df=y}} |event=Nehru is informed by Dwarakanath Kachru that the Maharaja had lost control of the western districts of the state.}}<ref name="Snedden p.67">{{harvnb|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=67}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|6|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja replaced Chief of State Forces Banbury and Police Chief Powell with Hindu officers.}}{{sfn|Ankit, October 1947|2010|p=9}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|7|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja imposed rigorous precensorship of the press, especially of all views regarding the State's accession.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=40}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|8|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|10|9|df=y}}|event=Pakistani raids on the borders of [[Jammu district|Jammu]] and [[Kathua district|Kathua]] districts began.}}{{sfn|Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|1990|p=226}}{{sfn|Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms|1972|p=246}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|10|df=y}} |event=Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel expedited Justice Mahajan's leave from Punjab High Court, which enabled him to accept the Prime Ministership. Mahajan visited Indian leaders and Lord Mountbatten in Delhi before he proceeded to Srinagar.}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|pp=127–128}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|12|df=y}} |event=[[K. H. Khurshid]], Jinnah's private secretary, was sent to Kashmir to mobilise support for Pakistan, and reported: "Muslim Conference is now practically a dead organisation." He advocated Pakistan to use force, and "supply arms and foodstuff to the tribes within and without the state."}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=106}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|14|df=y}} |event=Some activists of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and the [[Akali Dal|Akalis]] mounted attacks on villages of the [[Jammu district]], which killed Muslims and set houses on fire}},{{sfn|Puri, Across the Line of Control|2013|pp=25–26}} stated to be the beginning of the [[1947 Jammu massacres|1947 Jammu violence]].{{sfn|Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History|1998|loc=p. 116, footnote 90.}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|17|df=y}} |event=Brigadier N.S. Rawat given the charge of the Jammu Brigade of the State Forces, and Brigadier Khuda Baksh made Chief of Staff, second in command.}}{{sfn|Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|2010|p=227}}{{sfn|Jha, The Origins of a Dispute|2003|pp=54–55}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|p=144}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|17|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|10|18|df=y}} |event=A battalion of [[Patiala State|Patiala State Forces]] arrives in Jammu and a mountain battery (artillery regiment) is stationed in Srinagar.}}{{sfn|Lamb, Incomplete Partition|2002|p=130}}{{sfn|Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms|1972|p=197}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|19|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|10|22|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja and the new prime minister travelled to [[Jammu Division|Jammu province]] and investigated the Pakistani border raids, visiting [[Jammu]] (19 October), [[Bhimber]] (20 October), [[Kathua]] (21 October) and returning to Srinagar on 23 October.}}{{sfn|Mahajan, Looking Back|1963|pp=144–147}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|20|df=y}} |event=Lorries carrying 900 Mahsud tribesmen departed the [[Federally Administered Tribal Area|Frontier tribal region]] heading to Kashmir. Governor [[George Cunningham (governor)|George Cunningham]] sent a letter to Indian Army Chief Gen. [[Rob Lockhart]] warning him about the invasion; the letter was received on 23 or 24 October.}}{{sfn|Ankit, The Cunningham Contribution|2010|p=34}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|21|df=y}} |event=The Maharaja appointed Bakshi Tek Chand, a retired judge of the Punjab High Court, to frame a constitution for the state.}}<ref name=Puri/> This stalled due to the impending invasion.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|21|df=y}} |event=Journalist [[G. K. Reddy]], working for [[Associated Press of India]] (API) in Lahore, received a telephone call from the Pakistan Army Headquarters in Rawalpindi, stating that the Ramkot post was being attacked that night, and the news should be published as coming from [[Palandri]].}}{{sfn|Jasbir Singh, Roar of the Tiger|2013|pp=4–5}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|21|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|10|22|df=y}}|event=Pakistan precipitated the first [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|Indo-Pakistani War]] when it launched a tribal ''lashkar'' (levy) from [[Waziristan]] to overthrow the Maharaja's government.}}<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~jns/publications/Understanding%20Support%20for%20Islamist%20Militancy.pdf Pakistan Covert Support] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912114721/http://www.princeton.edu/~jns/publications/Understanding%20Support%20for%20Islamist%20Militancy.pdf |date=12 September 2014 }}</ref> Thousands of Pashtuns from Pakistan's [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier Province]], recruited covertly by the Pakistani Army, invaded [[Kashmir]] along with the Poonch rebels, allegedly incensed by atrocities against fellow Muslims in Poonch and Jammu. The tribesmen engaged in looting and killing along the way.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn17|title=Pathan Tribal Invasion into Kashmir|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216090621/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn17|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Pro-Pakistan members of the Maharaja's army rebelled at Domel (Muzaffarabad) and took control of the Jhelum river bridge.<ref name="Snedden p.59"/>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|22|df=y}} |event=All the Muslim members of the State Police in Jammu City were disarmed and ordered to go to Pakistan.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=53}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|24|df=y}} |event=[[Government of India|New Delhi]] received the news of tribal invasion via two channels, from General Gracey of Pakistan Army communicated to General Lockhart and from R.L. Batra, the Deputy Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, to Nehru.}}{{sfn|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|p=58}} Batra carried a message from the Maharaja which requested military assistance and proposed accession to India.{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|p=189}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|24|df=y}} |event=A second provisional government of [[Azad Kashmir]] was established at [[Palandri]] under the leadership of [[Sardar Ibrahim]].}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=61}}  

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|24|df=y}} |event=[[Bhimber]] fell to rebels after an attack by armoured vehicles of the [[Pakistan Army]].}}<ref name="Cheema p.57"/><ref>{{harvtxt|Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom|1977}} quoted at [http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/actions-of-kashmir-war/ Valorous Actions of Kashmir War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130042034/http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/actions-of-kashmir-war/ |date=30 November 2016 }}, Pak Army Museum, retrieved 16 March 2017.</ref>{{sfn|Suharwardy, Tragedy in Kashmir|1983|p=142}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|25|df=y}} |event=A Defence Committee meeting in Delhi, headed by Lord Mountbatten, considered the Maharaja's request. Ministers were unanimous in sending military assistance, but disagreed on whether to accept Kashmir's accession. The secretary of the States Department, [[V. P. Menon]], was sent to Kashmir to assess the situation.}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|p=189|loc=Chapter 8}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|26|df=y}} |event=V. P. Menon brought news that the situation in Kashmir was critical and that the Maharaja was ready to agree to "any terms". The accession was accepted on the condition of a future ratification by the people and the appointment Sheikh Abdullah to the government. The Maharaja moved from Srinagar to [[Jammu]], his winter capital.}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|p=189|loc=Chapter 8}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|26|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|10|27|df=y}}|event=The Maharaja signed the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] (IOA), acceding the state to the Indian Union. India accepted the accession, regarding it provisional}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn19|title=Govt. of India, White Paper on Jammu & Kashmir, Delhi 1948, p.77|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216090621/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn19|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> until such time as the will of the people could be ascertained.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|27|df=y}} |event=The Indian army entered the state to repel the invaders.  Sheikh Abdullah endorsed the accession but termed it ''ad hoc'' and to be ultimately decided by the people of Jammu and Kashmir. He was appointed head of the emergency administration.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn19|title=Sheikh Abdullah, Flames of the Chinar, New Delhi 1993, p.97|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216090621/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn19|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|27|df=y}} |event=The Kashmir Liberation Committee was formed to manage Pakistan's conduct of the war. It was headed by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, with Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] as the military member, [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Ghulam Muhammad]], the finance minister, and [[Sardar Ibrahim]], the president of the provisional Azad Kashmir government.}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=54}}{{sfn|Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy|1998|p=105}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|29|df=y}} |event=Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan entered the war officially by deciding to maintain a force of at least 5,000 tribesmen in Kashmir.}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|p=196}} Tribesmen again poured into Kashmir.{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=55}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|31|df=y}} |event=Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the head of the Emergency Administration in Kashmir.}}{{sfn|Brecher, The Struggle for Kashmir|1953|loc=119, footnote 5}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|10|31|df=y}} |event=Major William Brown, the commander of the [[Gilgit Scouts]], led a coup against the governor of [[Gilgit]] and imprisoned him. A provisional government was declared by the rebels.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=113–114}}<ref name=Bangash>{{citation |first=Yaqoob Khan |last=Bangash |title=Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar |journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History |volume=38 |pages=117–143 |number=1 |doi=10.1080/03086530903538269 |year=2010 |s2cid=159652497 }}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date=Early November<!--{{Start date|1947|11|DD|df=y}}--> |event=Sheikh Abdullah recommended that India give an ultimatum and declare war against Pakistan upon the expiry of the ultimatum. Nehru did not favour a broader war.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=97}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|3|df=y}} |event=Tribesmen broke through to within {{convert|5|mi}} of the Srinagar airport and were beaten back. Indians suffered heavy casualties. Indian Home Minister [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] argued for the army to be reinforced; two more battalions were air-lifted, and a squadron of armoured cars and field artillery were dispatched from [[Pathankot]].}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|loc=Chapter 8}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|3|df=y}} |event=[[Mendhar Tehsil|Mendhar]], in the eastern part of the [[Poonch jagir|Poonch district]] fell to rebels; [[Bagh, Azad Kashmir|Bagh]] and [[Rawalakot]] followed in quick succession. Hindu and Sikh refugees from these areas took shelter in [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Nowshera]], [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]], [[Kotli]] and [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]], which were all surrounded by rebels.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=142}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|5|df=y}} |event=Most of the tribesmen withdrew to [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] in the face of the Indian assault. Many returned home, sensing that the fight was lost.}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=56}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|5|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|11|6|df=y}}|event=Convoys of Muslim refugees from [[Jammu]] going to West Punjab were attacked by armed bands supported by State troops; very few survived.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|pp=53–54}} 6 November became a remembrance day in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.{{sfn|Puri, Across the Line of Control|2013|p=31}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|7|df=y}} |event=Reinforced Indian troops in the Kashmir Valley engaged the tribesmen at [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947#Indian operation in the Kashmir Valley|Shalateng]] and inflicted heavy casualties. The defeated tribal forces were pursued and [[Baramulla]] and [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] were recaptured.}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|loc=Chapter 8}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|7|df=y}} |event=[[Rajouri]] was captured by Azad rebels. 30,000 Hindus and Sikhs gathered there were killed in the [[1947 Rajouri Massacre]] before it was relieved, with the exception of 1,500 who escaped to the hills.}}{{sfn|V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army|2005|p=160}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|9|df=y}} |event=An attack on a convoy of Muslim refugees from Jammu was repelled by Indian troops, killing 150 of the attackers. No further attacks on convoys were reported after this incident.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|pp=53–54}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|13|df=y}} |event=Major General [[Kalwant Singh]] issued an order to the 50 Para Brigade to relieve [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Nowshera]], [[Jhangar]], [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]], [[Kotli]] and [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] in seven days. The ambitious plan was criticised by General [[Roy Bucher]].}}{{sfn|V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army|2005|p=160}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|18|df=y}} |event=50 Para Brigade relieved Nowshera.}}{{sfn|V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army|2005|p=161}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|25|df=y}} |event=Mirpur fell to rebels. 20,000 Hindus and Sikhs taking shelter at the town were killed in the [[1947 Mirpur Massacre]] during the rebel occupation.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=56}} The day is remembered as the "Mirpur day" in Indian-administered Jammu.{{sfn|Puri, Across the Line of Control|2013|p=30}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|26|df=y}} |event=50 Para Brigade relieved Kotli, but evacuated it the next day due to the difficulty of defending it against the surrounding rebels.}}{{sfn|V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army|2005|pp=161–162}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|26|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|11|27|df=y}}|event=During Liaquat Ali Khan's visit to Delhi for a Joint Defence Council meeting, the two countries reached an agreement on the sharing of sterling balances. A tentative agreement on Kashmir was reached; Pakistan agreed to use its influence on the raiders to withdraw, India to scale back its troops, and the UN to be approached for holding a plebiscite.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=116–117}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=78–80}} However, the agreement was vetoed by Jinnah: "No commitments should be made without my approval of terms of settlement. Mr. Liaquat has agreed and promised to abide by this understanding," read his note to the ministers.{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=119}} The next day, India's Defence Committee was informed that Pakistan was reinforcing the tribesmen.{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=65}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|28|df=y}} |event=[[Horace Alexander]] estimated that 200,000 Muslims had been affected by the anti-Muslim violence in Jammu. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] spoke about it in his prayer meeting, and reproached Sheikh Abdullah for not curtailing the Maharaja's powers.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=55}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|11|30|df=y}} |event=Large concentrations of insurgents were reported at [[Sialkot]], [[Gujrat City|Gujrat]] and [[Jhelum]].}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=119}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|df=y}} |event=<!--In early December,-->Liaquat Ali Khan visited the Azad staging areas in the [[Sialkot District]] and was enraged by the reports of atrocities narrated by the Azad rebels. He issued a renewed call to arms.}}{{sfn|Hajari, Midnight's Furies|2015|loc=Chapter 9}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=81–82}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|4|df=y}} |event=The British Commander-in-Chief of the [[Pakistan Army]] sanctioned military involvement in the Kashmir War. One million rounds of ammunition and twelve volunteer officers were provided.}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=56–57}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|8|df=y}} |event=A meeting between Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan, along with ministers and Lord Mountbatten, was deadlocked. Mountbatten proposed that the UN be invited to break the deadlock.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=120}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|15|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|12|20|df=y}}|event=Indian forces lost ground and Nehru contemplated escalating the war across the international border to strike against the raider's bases, but decides against it.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=121}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|20|df=y}} |event=Mountbatten recommended India take the matter to the UN, where he says it would have a "cast-iron case". He believed the UN would promptly direct Pakistan to withdraw. The proposal was discussed in the Indian Cabinet.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=100}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|22|df=y}} |event=Nehru handed Liaquat Ali Khan a formal letter demanding that Pakistan deny assistance to the raiders.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=101}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|24|df=y}} |event=Indian forces were evicted from [[Jhangar]]{{coord|33.2361|N|74.0167|E|name=Jhangar|display=none}} by rebels. However, they repelled the attack on [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Nowshera]] by 27 December. India reinforced Kashmir by an additional brigade.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=123}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|27|df=y}} |event=British Commonwealth Minister [[Philip Noel-Baker]] considered it a "political miscalculation" by India that the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] would condemn Pakistan as an aggressor. The events before Kashmir's accession would also come into play. He predicted that the question of plebiscite would be the focus of the Security Council.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=110}}{{sfn|Ankit, Britain and Kashmir|2013|p=277}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|28|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1947|12|30|df=y}}|event=Mountbatten urged Nehru "to stop the fighting and to stop it as soon as possible". Exchanges between Mountbatten and Nehru were passed on to the British government, which was advised that any Indian defeat in the Kashmir valley would immediately lead to a broader war. Prime Minister Attlee warned Nehru that opening a broader war would jeopardise India's case in the UN. Britain alerted the US, which requested clarifications from the Indian government.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=123}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=101–106}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1947|12|31|df=y}} |event=The British [[Commonwealth Relations Office]] (CRO) asked its permanent representative at the UN, [[Alexander Cadogan]], about the validity of Indian claims. Cadogan responded that India was entitled to charge Pakistan as an aggressor under [[Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter|Article 35]] and to take measures for self-defence under [[Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter#Article 51|Article 51]], including "pursuing invaders into Pakistan".}}{{sfn|Ankit, Britain and Kashmir|2013|p=276}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1}} |event='Balawaristan' insurrection in Gilgit by the local people. It was put down by the Gilgit forces.}}{{sfn|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|p=86}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1|2|df=y}} |event=The British Cabinet decided to send a special delegation to handle the Kashmir issue in the Security Council, sidestepping Alexander Cadogan. [[Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs|Commonwealth Relations]] Minister [[Philip Noel-Baker]]}}{{clarify|date=September 2017|reason=text seems to cut off}}{{sfn|Ankit, Britain and Kashmir|2013|p=276}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1|10|df=y}} |event=Noel-Baker put forward the British proposals to the [[US Department of State|US State Department]]: Kashmir to be put under an "impartial administration" headed by a UN-appointed chairman; India–Pakistan joint military forces, along with UN troops, to operate under a UN-appointed commander-in-chief. He failed to win US support for these proposals.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=115–116}}{{sfn|Schaffer, Limits of Influence|2009|pp=15–16}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1|15|df=y}} |event=India and Pakistan made presentations to the UN Security Council. While India reiterated its demands in the original referral, Pakistan made wide-ranging allegations against India including 'genocide' against Muslims in various places in India, unlawful occupation of [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] and other issues. Pakistan demanded the withdrawal of ''both'' the raiders and the Indians from Kashmir.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=117}}{{sfn|Schaffer, Limits of Influence|2009|p=17}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1|20|df=y}} |event=UN Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 39|Resolution 39]] which announced a 3-member commission to investigate the Kashmir dispute. However the Commission did not come into fruition until May 1948.}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1|28|df=y}} |event=[[Sheikh Abdullah]], as a member of the Indian delegation to the Security Council, met US delegate [[Warren Austin]] and raised the possibility of independence for Kashmir. At this stage, the US showed no interest in further fragmentation of India.}}{{sfn|Schaffer, Limits of Influence|2009|pp=19,&nbsp;217–218}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|1}} |event=<!--in late January,-->Noel-Baker won the support of the Western powers in the Security Council—the US, Canada and France—for the Pakistani position that the raiders cannot be withdrawn without a change of government in Kashmir. Draft resolutions were formulated along the lines of the 10&nbsp;January proposals.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=119–120}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|2|3|df=y}} |event=India requested an adjournment of the Security Council discussions. The Indian Cabinet was said to be in favour of withdrawing the UN referral unless greater consideration was shown to India's complaints.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=120}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|2|9|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1948|2|11|df=y}}|event=Gilgit rebels attacked [[Skardu]]. The State forces at Skardu defended it for almost six months afterwards.}}{{sfn|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|p=86}} No reinforcements were possible due to closure of the [[Zoji La]] pass by winter snows. The Ladakhis appealed to Nehru for help.{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=206}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|2|12|df=y}} |event=Security Council discussions were adjourned.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=120}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|2|27|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1948|2|28|df=y}}|event=Serious differences arose between the US and UK delegations in their approach to the Kashmir resolution. The US insisted on Pakistan's obligation to stop the assistance to the raiders, favoured keeping the interim government of Kashmir in place, and limited the role of the UN commission to the conduct of the plebiscite. However, the US refrained from making its views public.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=120–121}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|2|27|df=y}} |event=The Commonwealth Affairs Committee of the British Cabinet discussed the Kashmir question for the first time. [[Patrick Gordon Walker]], the Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Commonwealth Relations, disagreed with Noel-Baker and proposed a 'completely neutral' attitude on the part of the UK. The committee formulated a new approach, overriding Noel-Baker.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=122–126}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|3|7|df=y}} |event=A small group of Indian troops crossed through the treacherous Zoji La pass, reaching [[Leh]] with guns and ammunition to raise a local volunteer force.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=206}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|3|10|df=y}} |event=: Security Council deliberations resumed.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|p=126}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|3|18|df=y}} |event=The [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], as the current Chair of the Security Council, tabled a resolution in three parts: restoration of peace by calling upon Pakistan to withdraw the raiders, request that India appoint a plebiscite administration with UN-nominated directors, and a request that India broaden the interim government with representatives from all major political groups.}}{{sfn|Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir|2014|pp=126–127}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|3|21|df=y}} |event=UN Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 47|Resolution 47]] which called for a three-step process for the resolution of the dispute: Pakistani withdrawal of its nationals, India to reduce its troops to minimum level, and arrangements for a plebiscite. The UN Commission, which was proposed in January, was enlarged from three to five members under the name of [[United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan]] (UNCIP). Both India and Pakistan rejected the resolution but promised to work with the Commission.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=131–132}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|5|10|df=y}} |event=Operation Sledge – Four columns of insurgents struck Indian lines of communication at [[Gund, Jammu and Kashmir|Gund]]{{coord|34.2583|N|75.0884|E|name=Gund|display=none}}, [[Pandras, Jammu and Kashmir|Pandras]]{{coord|34.411718|N|75.6326|E|name=Pandras|display=none}}, [[Dras]]{{coord|34.4281|N|75.7512|E|name=Dras|display=none}} and [[Kargil]]{{coord|34.56|N|76.13|E|name=Kargil|display=none}}, and all except Gund were captured. The Indian land route to [[Skardu]] and [[Leh]] was severed.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=23}}{{sfn|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|pp=101–103}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|5|22|df=y}} |event=India established an air link to Leh.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=23}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|7|5|df=y}} |event=UNCIP arrived in the subcontinent. In [[Karachi]], it was told by Pakistan that three brigades of regular Pakistan Army were operating in Kashmir, a "bombshell" of news according to [[Josef Korbel]]. In Delhi, the Commission was told that it needed to recognize the aggression by Pakistan. The Commission broached the possibility of partition, considered favourably by India but rejected by Pakistan.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=135–136}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|7|6|df=y}} |event=In response to an appeal by the UNCIP, India limited its operations to clearing the land route to [[Leh]] and relieving [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]].}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|8|13|df=y}} |event=UNCIP adopted its first resolution on Kashmir, fine-tuning the April resolution of the Security Council to take into account objections by both India and Pakistan. Pakistan's aggression was indirectly acknowledged by asking for its withdrawal as the first step. The resolution was accepted by India, but effectively rejected by Pakistan.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=136–137}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|8|14|df=y}} |event=State forces at [[Skardu]] fell after eight months of siege.}}{{sfn|Cheema, The Crimson Chinar|2015|p=103}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|9|21|df=y}} |event=After sustained negotiations with India and Pakistan, UNCIP left for Zurich to write an interim report to the UN Security Council.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=137}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|11|1|df=y}} |event=[[Zoji La]] pass was recaptured by India.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|11|15|df=y}} |event=[[Dras]] was recaptured.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|11|20|df=y}} |event=Two Indian columns linked at [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]], relieving the pressure on the garrison.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|11|23|df=y}} |event=[[Kargil]] was recaptured.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1948|12|14|df=y}} |event=A major attack was made by the regular Pakistan army on the Indian line of communications at Beripattan-Nowshera.}}{{sfn|Bajwa, Jammu and Kashmir War|2003|p=24}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1949|1|1|df=y}} |event=A ceasefire between Indian and Pakistani forces left India in control of the [[Kashmir Valley]], most of the [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] province and [[Ladakh]], while Pakistan gained control of the western districts comprising the present day [[Azad Kashmir]], the [[Gilgit Agency]] and [[Baltistan]].}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1949|1|5|df=y}} |event=UNCIP stated that the question of the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan would be decided through a free and impartial plebiscite.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/uncom2.htm|title=Resolution adopted at the meeting of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 5 January, 1949.|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214234518/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/uncom2.htm|archive-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the 1948<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/uncom1.htm|title=Resolution adopted by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948.|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902172823/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/uncom1.htm|archive-date=2 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and 1949 UNCIP Resolutions, both countries accepted the principle that Pakistan would secure the withdrawal of Pakistani intruders followed by withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian forces, as a basis for the formulation of a truce agreement, the details of which were to be determined, followed by a plebiscite. However, the countries failed to arrive at a truce agreement due to differences in interpretation of the procedure for and extent of demilitarisation, one of them being whether the Azad Kashmiri army was to be disbanded during the truce stage or the plebiscite stage.<ref name="UNCIP Resolution, 1951">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kashun91.htm|title=Kashmir, UN Security Council Resolution 91|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214225034/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kashun91.htm|archive-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source|date=May 2018}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1949|df=y}} |event=<!--Early in the year,-->[[Jammu Praja Parishad]] launched an agitation. 294 members of the party were arrested.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=195}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1949|4|28|df=y}} |event=[[Azad Kashmir]] signed the [[Karachi Agreement (Azad Kashmir)|Karachi Agreement]] with Pakistan, which ceded control over defence and foreign affairs and complete control over [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]. The agreement was kept secret until 1990.}}{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|pp=90,&nbsp;342}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1949|6|20|df=y}} |event=Maharaja Hari Singh announced his decision to abdicate and appointed his son [[Karan Singh]] as the Prince Regent.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=185}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1950}} |event=At the end of the year, [[Jihadism|Jehadist]] rhetoric inflamed Pakistan and continued into 1951.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=191–217}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1951|6|df=y}} |event=India moved troops to the India–Pakistan border in response to the rhetoric from Pakistan. A military stand-off ensued. Pakistan regarded India's behaviour as "aggressive".}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|pp=191–217}} Liaquat Ali Khan displayed a clenched fist in defiance.{{sfn|Jalal, The Struggle for Pakistan|2014|p=84}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1951|9|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1951|10|df=y}}|event=Elections were held for the [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]], with 75 seats allocated to the Indian-administered part of Kashmir and 25 seats reserved for the Pakistan-administered part. Sheikh Abdullah's National Conference won all 75 seats in a [[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election#The election|rigged election]].}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|pp=55–57}} The UN Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 91|Resolution 91]] to the effect that such elections did not substitute a plebiscite.<ref name="UNCIP Resolution, 1951"/>{{primary-source-inline|date=October 2016}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1951|10|df=y}} |event=[[Jammu Praja Parishad]] became an affiliate of the newly founded [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], the precursor of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].}}{{sfn|Baxter, The Jana Sangh|2015|p=87}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1951|11|df=y}} |event=The Constituent Assembly passed legislation stripping the Maharaja of all powers and making the government answerable to the Assembly.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|1|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1952|6|df=y}}|event=[[Jammu Praja Parishad]] renewed agitation and called for the full integration of the state with India. The army was called to impose order and several hundred activists were imprisoned. Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties staged a demonstration outside the Indian Parliament in support of the Praja Parishad.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=196}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|1|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1952|6|df=y}} |event=[[Sheikh Abdullah]] veers around to the position of demanding self-determination for Kashmiris, having previously endorsed accession to India (c.1947). In his Ranbirsinghpura speech in April, he questioned the state's continued accession to India.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=196}}{{sfn|Kumar & Puri, Jammu and Kashmir: Negotiating Peace|2009|p=258}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn23 |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002041652/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn23 |archive-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn16 |title=Sheikh Abdullah's positions on Kashmir |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002041652/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn16 |archive-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|6|df=y}} |event=State Constituent Assembly considered a proposal for abolishing the hereditary monarchy.}}<!--It also adopted a state flag.-->{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=197}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|7|df=y}} |event=Sheikh Abdullah signed the Delhi Agreement with the Indian government on Centre-State relationship}},{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=197–200}} which provided for the autonomy of the State within India and the autonomy for regions within the State.{{sfn|Kumar & Puri, Jammu and Kashmir: Negotiating Peace|2009|p=258}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|11|df=y}} |event=The Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution which abolished the monarchy and replaced it with an elected ''Sadar-i-Riyasat'' (Head of State). The Prince Regent [[Karan Singh]] was elected to the position.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=200}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1952|11|df=y}} |event=Jammu Praja Parishad relaunched its agitation campaign for a third time. The Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties launched a parallel agitation in Delhi, which supported the Praja Parishad.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=197–203}}{{sfn|Baxter, The Jana Sangh|2015|pp=86–87}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|5|df=y}} |event=Jana Sangh leader [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee]] made a bid to enter Jammu and Kashmir, citing his rights as an Indian citizen. He was promptly arrested at the Jammu border. In a widespread agitation in Jammu, Punjab and Delhi, 10,000 activists were imprisoned.}}{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=197–203}}{{sfn|Baxter, The Jana Sangh|2015|pp=86–87}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|5|df=y}} |event=Abdullah headed a subcommittee of the National Conference which recommended four options for the state's future, all involving a plebiscite or independence. Abdullah remained firm in negotiations with the central government.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=64}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=223}}  

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|6|23|df=y}} |event=Syama Prasad Mukherjee died in prison.}} Large protests were held in Delhi and other parts of the country.{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=224}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|8|df=y}} |event=The working committee recommendations were opposed by three of Abdullah's five-member cabinet, including Deputy Prime Minister [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]]. They were further strengthened by the communist faction led by [[G. M. Sadiq]]. They informed ''Sadr-i-Riyasat'' [[Karan Singh]] that Abdullah had lost the majority within the cabinet.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=65}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=224}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|8|df=y}} |event=Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed by ''Sadr-i-Riyasat'' and later arrested. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed was appointed as the new [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|prime minister]].}}<ref name=KashmirLibrary>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/plebiscite.shtml|title=Plebiscite Conundrum|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216123304/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/plebiscite.shtml|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|8|df=y}} |event=Nehru pushed for a plebiscite in talks with Pakistan, and the two countries agreed to appoint a Plebiscite Administrator within six months.}} A plebiscite would be held in all regions and the state partitioned on the basis of the results.{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=225}}{{sfn|Shankar, Nehru's Legacy in Kashmir|2016|p=7}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1953|9|df=y}} |event=Following reports of a US-Pakistan alliance, Nehru warned Pakistan that it had to choose between winning Kashmir through plebiscite and forming a military alliance with the United States.}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=226}}{{sfn|Shankar, Nehru's Legacy in Kashmir|2016|p=11}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1954|2|df=y}} |event=The [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Constituent Assembly]], under the leadership of [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]], passed a resolution ratifying the accession of Kashmir to India.}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpPCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151|title=The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan By Dilip Hiro|publisher=Nation Books|isbn=9781568585031|pages=151|quote=Led by him (Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad), 64 of 74-strong Constituent Assembly members ratified the state's accession to India on 15 February 1954. "We are today taking the decision of final and irrevocable accession to India and no power on earth could change it", declared Bakshi Muhammad.|date=2015-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/17/stories/2004021700320900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310181154/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/17/stories/2004021700320900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-03-10|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=Kashmir's accession|date=2004-02-17|quote=The report of the Drafting Committee "ratifying the accession" of the Jammu and Kashmir State to India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly in Jammu on 15 February before it was adjourned sine die. Earlier, Premier Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, speaking on the report, declared amidst cheers: "We are today taking the decision of final and irrevocable accession to India and no power on earth could change it."}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1954|5|df=y}} |event=Pakistan and US signed a mutual defence assistance agreement. Nehru withdrew the plebiscite offer to Pakistan.}}{{sfn|Shankar, Nehru's Legacy in Kashmir|2016|p=11}} He stated his concerns about the cold-war alignments and that such an alliance affects the Kashmir issue. India resisted plebiscite efforts from this point.<ref name=KashmirLibrary/>{{better source|reason=unreliable web site|date=October 2016}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1955|2|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1956||df=y}}|event=The violent [[1955 Poonch uprising]] erupts in [[Poonch Division]] in Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir as a result of the dismissal of Sardar Ibrahim Khan. The uprising is most severe in [[Rawalakot]] and [[Pallandri]].}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-9350298978|location=India}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1957|1|24|df=y}} |event=The UN Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 122|Resolution 122]] which stated that the state constitution was not a final legal disposition of the State.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kasun122.htm|title=Kashmir, UN Security Council Resolution 122|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112071415/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kasun122.htm|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> India's Home Minister, [[Pandit]] Govind Ballabh Pant, during his visit to Srinagar, declared that the State of Jammu and Kashmir was an integral part of India and there can be no question of a plebiscite to determine its status afresh. India continued to resist plebiscite efforts.{{sfn|Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency|1993}}  

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1957|df=y}} |event=Elections were held for the first Legislative Assembly. National Conference won 69 of the 75 seats, where 47 seats were unopposed. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad continued as prime minister.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=75}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1958|8|8|df=y}} |event=Sheikh Abdullah was arrested in the [[Kashmir Conspiracy Case]].}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2010/08/05/negotiations-on-kashmir-a-concealed-story/?wpmp|title=Negotiations on Kashmir: A concealed story|website=Foreign Policy Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154947/https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2010/08/05/negotiations-on-kashmir-a-concealed-story/?wpmp|archive-date=14 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1962|df=y}} |event=Elections were held for the second Legislative Assembly. The National Conference won 68 of the 74 seats.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=77}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1963|3|df=y}} |event=The Chinese government signed an agreement with Pakistan on the boundary between the [[Northern Areas]] and the [[Xinjiang]] province, ceding the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]].}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=76}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1964|11|21|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1964|11|24|df=y}}|event=[[President's rule|Articles 356 and 357]] of the Indian Constitution were extended to the State, by virtue of which the Central Government can assume the government of the State and exercise its legislative powers. The State Assembly then amended the State Constitution, changing the posts of ''Sadr-i-Riyasat'' and "prime minister" to Governor and "chief minister", consistent with the Indian Constitution. Scholar [[Sumantra Bose]] regarded it the "end of the road" for Article 370 and the constitutional autonomy guaranteed by it.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|pp=81–82}}<ref>[[A. G. Noorani]], [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1719/17190890.htm Article 370: Law and Politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620074036/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1719/17190890.htm |date=20 June 2014 }}, Frontline, 16 September 2000.</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1965|1|3|df=y}} |event=The Jammu and Kashmir National Conference dissolved itself and merged into the Indian National Congress, a centralising strategy.}}{{sfn|Bose, Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=82}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1966}} |event=:On 10 January, the [[Tashkent Declaration]] was signed by both countries, agreeing to revert to their pre-1965 positions under Russian mediation. Pakistan-supported guerrilla groups in Kashmir increased their activities after the ceasefire. Kashmiri nationalists Amanullah Khan and [[Maqbool Bhat]] formed another Plebiscite Front with an armed wing called the Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front (NLF) in Azad Kashmir, with the objective of freeing Kashmir from Indian occupation.}}{{sfn|Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency|1993|pp=31–32}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1974|df=y}} |event=The 1927 State Subject law is officially abolished in Gilgit Baltistan, allowing Pakistanis to settle and buy land.}}<ref name="DawnGilgitBaltistan" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1188410|title=GB's aspirations|website=Dawn|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210612122116/https://www.dawn.com/news/1188410|archive-date=12 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1975|2|24|df=y}} |event=The [[1974 Indira-Sheikh accord|Indira-Sheikh accord]] was reached in February between Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and Sheikh Abdullah.}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Abdullah, Sheikh; Taing, M. Y. (1985), Atish-e-Chinar (in Urdu). Often referred to as Sheikh Abdullah's autobiography.|publisher=Shaukat Publications. It has not been copyrighted in deference to Sheikh Abdullah's wishes.|location=Srinagar|pages=827–838}}</ref> The [[All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front|Plebiscite Front]] was dissolved and renamed the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]. Sheikh Abdullah assumed the position of [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] after an 11-year gap.<ref name="Noorani2000">{{citation|last=Noorani|first=A. G.|title=Article370: Law and Politics|date=16 September 2000|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1719/17190890.htm|number=19|newspaper=Frontline|volume=17|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620074036/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1719/17190890.htm|archive-date=20 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1977|6|17|df=y}} |event=Mid-term elections were called by the government. Sheikh Abdullah's National Conference won a majority in what was regarded as the first [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|"free and fair" election]] in the State. Abdullah was re-elected as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|chief minister]] on 9 July.}}<ref name="Noorani2000" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/recalling-1975-accord/135149.html|title=Recalling 1975 Accord|website=Greater Kashmir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313221148/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/recalling-1975-accord/135149.html|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1977|5|df=y}} |event=[[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF) was founded in the United Kingdom by converting the UK chapter of the [[Plebiscite Front (Azad Kashmir)|Plebiscite Front]].}} [[Amanullah Khan (JKLF)|Amanullah Khan]] was elected as its General Secretary the following year.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=129–130}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1979|df=y}} |event=The USSR invaded Afghanistan. The US and Pakistan became involved in training, recruiting, arming, and unleashing the [[Mujahideen]] on Afghanistan.}}<ref name="US and Pak">[http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_files/hrw_arms.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817112452/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_files/hrw_arms.htm |date=17 August 2013 }}</ref> The Mujahideen so recruited would, in the late 1980s, take on their own agenda of establishing Islamic rule in Kashmir.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1980|df=y}} |event=Pakistani President [[Zia ul-Haq]] informed Maulana Abdul Bari, the [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] chief in Azad Kashmir, that he had agreed to contribute to the American-sponsored war in Afghanistan to serve as a smokescreen for a larger conflict in Kashmir. He requested Bari's help in mobilising support.}} Bari travelled to Indian-administered Kashmir and conferred with the [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]. Through his own later recollection, he told them, "You will have to do the fighting and they [Pakistan] will provide all assistance."{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=109–112}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1982|9|8|df=y}} |event=Sheikh Abdullah died.}} His son, [[Farooq Abdullah]], later assumed office as Chief Minister of J&K.

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1984|df=y}} |event=The Indian consul general in [[Birmingham, UK]], Ravindra Mhatre, was abducted by JKLF militants and murdered. India executed Maqbool Bhat. Amanullah Khan and Hashim Qureshi were expelled from the UK and returned to Pakistan.}}{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=132–133}} Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) sought their help in preparing the groundwork for the liberation of Jammu and Kashmir from India. Amanullah Khan established JKLF in Azad Kashmir.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|p=163}}{{sfn|Behera, Demystifying Kashmir|2007|p=148}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1984|4|13|df=y}} |event=The Indian Army successfully captures the [[Siachen Glacier]] region of [[Kashmir]] during [[Operation Meghdoot]].}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1986|2||df=y}} |event=Riots erupt in Anantnag and the rest of Kashmir erupt in response to outrage in Jammu against the construction of a mosque on the site of an ancient Hindu Temple. Many Hindu temples as well as businesses owned by Kashmiri Hindus are targeted.<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-19-mn-6190-story.html</ref>}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1987|df=y}} |event=Farooq Abdullah won the Assembly elections. The [[Muslim United Front]] (MUF) alleged that the elections had been rigged. The [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|insurgency in the Kashmir Valley]] increased in momentum following this event.}}<ref name="Elections in Kashmir">{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/kashmir-elections.shtml|title=Kashmir - Elections|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201045510/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/kashmir-elections.shtml|archive-date=1 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The MUF candidate, Mohammad Yousuf Shah, a victim of the rigging and state's mistreatment, took the name Syed Salahuddin and would become chief of the militant outfit Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. His election aides called the HAJY group - Abdul Hamid Shaikh, Ashfaq Majid Wani, Javed Ahmed Mir and Mohammed [[Yasin Malik]] - would join the JKLF.{{sfn|Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency|1993|p=52}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1720/17200800.htm|title=Contours of militancy|publisher=hinduonnet.com|access-date=5 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602025403/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1720/17200800.htm|archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref> Amanullah Khan took refuge in Pakistan, after being deported from England, and directed operations across the LOC. Young disaffected Kashmiris in the Valley such as the HAJY group were recruited by JKLF.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/1987-1998_detailed.shtml|title=1989 Insurgency|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126044335/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/1987-1998_detailed.shtml|archive-date=26 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date= {{Start date|1988|5|16|df=y}} - {{End date|1988|5|18|df=y}} |event=Multiple groups of radical Sunnis, led by [[Osama bin Laden]] (supported by [[Pervez Musharraf]], [[Zia-ul Haq|General Zia-ul Haq]] and [[Mirza Aslam Beg]]) massacre hundreds of Shias in the [[1988 Gilgit Massacre]].}}<ref name="Undaunted">{{harvp|Levy & Scott-Clark, Deception|2010|loc=Chapter 13}}:  "Undaunted, Musharraf had in 1988 been called on by General Beg to put down a Shia riot in Gilgit, in the north of Pakistan. Rather than get the Pakistan army bloodied, he inducted a tribal band of Pashtun and Sunni irregulars, many from the SSP which had recently put out a contract on Bhutto, led by the mercenary Osama bin Laden (who had been hired by Hamid Gul to do the same four years earlier)."</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1989|df=y}} |event=The end of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan released a great deal of militant energy and weapons to Kashmir. Pakistan provided arms and training to both indigenous and foreign militants in Kashmir.}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_files/hrw_arms.htm |title=Human Rights Watch Report, 1994 |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817112452/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_files/hrw_arms.htm |archive-date=17 August 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1881669.stm|title=BBC News - SOUTH ASIA - Pakistan admission over Kashmir|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112043514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1881669.stm|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn48|title=Operation Topac|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216090621/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn48|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1989|df=y}} |event=Mass [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]] started in Kashmir Valley}}<ref name="exodus">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/25/world/kashmir-massacre-may-signal-the-coming-of-widespread-violence.html |title=Kashmir Massacre May Signal the Coming of Widespread Violence |last=Waldman |first=Amy |date=2003-03-25 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-05-19 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1990|1|20|df=y}} |event=An estimated 100 people were killed when a large group of unarmed protesters were fired upon by Indian troops at the Gawkadal bridge. This incident provoked an insurgency by the entire population.}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=150}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1990|3|1|df=y}} |event=An estimated one million took to the streets and more than 40 people were killed in police firing.}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=150}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1990|2|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|1990|3|df=y}}|event=Though the JKLF tried to explain that the killings of Pandits were not communal, the murders caused a scare among the minority Hindu community. The rise of new militant groups and unexplained killings of members of the community contributed to an atmosphere of insecurity for the Kashmiri Pandits. Joint reconciliation efforts by members from Muslim and Pandit communities were actively discouraged by Jagmohan.}}{{sfn|Puri, Kashmir Towards Insurgency|1993|pp=64–67}}

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1990}} |end_date=present|event=An officially estimated 10,000 Kashmiri youths crossed into Pakistan for training and procurement of arms.  Indigenous and foreign militant groups besides pro-India renegade militants proliferated}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/kashmir-militants.shtml|title=Who are the Militants?|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102031909/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/kashmir-militants.shtml|archive-date=2 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> through the 1990s with an estimated half a million Indian security forces deployed in the Kashmir Valley. Increasing violence and human right violations by all sides led to tens of thousands of civilian casualties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/human-rights.shtml|title=Human Rights in Kashmir|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218210204/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/human-rights.shtml|archive-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn51|title=Casualty in Kashmir|publisher=kashmirlibrary.org|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216090621/http://kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_references.htm#fn51|archive-date=16 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1998|df=y}} |end_date=present|event= [[Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)]] launched officially by the Indian army in Jammu and Kashmir.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/feacontent.aspx?relid=93711|title=Operation Sadbhavana|last=Defense|first=Ministry of|website=Public Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033357/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/feacontent.aspx?relid=93711|archive-date=2018-02-20|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=P.|first1=Cariappa, Mudera|last2=V.|first2=Bonventre, Eugene|last3=K.|first3=Mohanti, Bikash|date=2008-08-01|title=Operation Sadbhavana: Winning Hearts and Minds in the Ladakh Himalayan Region|url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/173/8/749/4371542|journal=Military Medicine|language=en|volume=173|issue=8|pages=749–753|doi=10.7205/MILMED.173.8.749|pmid=18751591|issn=0026-4075|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220063842/https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/173/8/749/4371542|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/community/how-successful-has-sadbhavana-been-in-kashmir/233100.html|title=How successful has Sadbhavana been in Kashmir|date=7 May 2016|work=The Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033614/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/community/how-successful-has-sadbhavana-been-in-kashmir/233100.html|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-violence-of-compassion/article11542295.ece|title=The violence of compassion|last=Qanungo|first=Nawaz Gul|date=2014-02-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-03-10|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2003|4|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|2003|5|df=y}}|event=[[Operation Sarp Vinash]] launched by the Indian army. The largest network of terrorist hideouts covering 100 square kilometers in [[Pir Panjal]] found and more than 60 terrorists killed.}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/operation-sarp-vinash-army-clears-hill-kaka/articleshow/47305413.cms?from=mdr|title=Operation Sarp Vinash: Army clears Hill Kaka|last=Kumar|first=Devesh|date=2003-05-24|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308044308/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/operation-sarp-vinash-army-clears-hill-kaka/articleshow/47305413.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/07/31/stories/2003073102911200.htm|title=Fernandes reveals 'Sarp Vinash' toll|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105210943/http://www.thehindu.com/2003/07/31/stories/2003073102911200.htm|archive-date=5 November 2005|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2003-07-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/23josy1.htm|title=Operation 'Sarp Vinash': Over 60 terrorists killed|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613172236/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/23josy1.htm|archive-date=13 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/reassessing-operation-sarp-vinash/220439|title=Reassessing Operation Sarp Vinash|work=Outlook India|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308042028/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/reassessing-operation-sarp-vinash/220439|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2010|6|df=y}} |event=Following the killing of a young Kashmiri, Tufail Ahmad Mattoo, [[2010 Kashmir unrest|protest demonstrations]] continued in Kashmir for months.}}<ref name="Matoo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/world/asia/12kashmir.html |title=A Youth's Death in Kashmir Renews a Familiar Pattern of Crisis |last=POLGREEN |first=LYDIA |date=2010-07-11 |work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en |access-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020062538/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/world/asia/12kashmir.html |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2012|8|df=y}} |event=The Chief Minister of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, [[Omar Abdullah]], said that the security situation was not yet conducive to the revoking of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in the state.}}<ref name="AFSPA">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Situation-in-Jammu-and-Kashmir-not-conducive-to-revoking-AFSPA-Omar-Abdullah/articleshow/15503465.cms |title=Situation in Jammu and Kashmir not conducive to revoking AFSPA: Omar Abdullah |last=PTI |date=2012-08-15 |location=[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] |language=en |access-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816064519/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Situation-in-Jammu-and-Kashmir-not-conducive-to-revoking-AFSPA-Omar-Abdullah/articleshow/15503465.cms |archive-date=16 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2014|11|25|df=y}} |end_date={{End date|2014|12|20|df=y}} |event=Despite boycott calls by separatist [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference|Hurriyat leaders]], the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014 state election]] saw the highest voter turnout in the 25 years since insurgency erupted in the region.}} Indian authorities claimed that this was a vote of the [[Kashmiri people]] in favour of democracy of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/syed-ali-shah-geelanis-jk-election-boycott-call-resonates-in-his-hometown-sopore/516279-37-64.html|title=Syed Ali Shah Geelani's J&K election boycott call resonates in his hometown Sopore|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204035903/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/syed-ali-shah-geelanis-jk-election-boycott-call-resonates-in-his-hometown-sopore/516279-37-64.html|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-in-25-years-jharkhand-breaks-records-715845|title=Jammu and Kashmir Registers Highest Voter Turnout in 25 Years, Jharkhand Breaks Records|date=20 December 2014|work=NDTV.com|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171902/http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-in-25-years-jharkhand-breaks-records-715845|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141223/nation-current-affairs/article/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-25-years|title=Jammu and Kashmir registers highest voter turnout in 25 years, Jharkhand breaks records|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123747/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141223/nation-current-affairs/article/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-25-years|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jk-polls-76-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-the-final-phase/519066-3-245.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150315203847/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jk-polls-76-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-the-final-phase/519066-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2015|title=J&K polls: 76 per cent voter turnout recorded in the final phase|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-28/news/56540384_1_jammu-and-kashmir-prime-minister-narendra-modi-nc-congress|title=People of Jammu and Kashmir have rejected bullet for ballot: PM Narendra Modi|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182424/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-28/news/56540384_1_jammu-and-kashmir-prime-minister-narendra-modi-nc-congress|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2016|7|8|df=y}} |event=Following the killing of [[Burhan Muzaffar Wani]] on 8 July, [[2016–17 Kashmir unrest|violent protests]] broke out in Kashmir Valley. An imposed curfew continued for more than 50 days, and more than 90 people were killed by Indian armed forces.}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/235512.html|title=2016 Unrest: Not even one probe into killings completed|work=Greater Kashmir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202065157/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/235512.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/25-injured-in-fresh-clashes-in-kashmir-death-toll-rises-to-68/article9040670.ece |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827162700/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/25-injured-in-fresh-clashes-in-kashmir-death-toll-rises-to-68/article9040670.ece |archive-date=27 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760|title=Viewpoint: Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir|date=2016-09-05|access-date=2019-02-14|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174224/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760|archive-date=14 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|2017|07|df=y}} |end_date=present: [[Operation All Out (Kashmir)|Operation All-Out]] is an intensified offensive against the separatists, after the protests across the Valley. More than 50 civilians were killed, allegedly by Indian security forces in 2017.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kashmir-in-2017-operation-all-out-was-a-success-but-will-force-alone-win-hearts-in-the-valley-4275529.html|title=Kashmir in 2017: Operation All-Out was a success, but will force alone win hearts in the Valley?|website=Firstpost|access-date=2019-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312201604/http://www.firstpost.com/india/kashmir-in-2017-operation-all-out-was-a-success-but-will-force-alone-win-hearts-in-the-valley-4275529.html|archive-date=12 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

*[[2019–2021 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown]] was a security lockdown and communications blackout imposed to prevent unrest, violence and protests following [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] via scrapping of the [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India]], [[Article 35A of the Constitution of India]] and the introduction of [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]].<ref name="VoA">{{cite news |title=US Senator Barred From Kashmir as Lockdown Enters 3rd Month |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-senator-barred-kashmir-lockdown-enters-3rd-month |work=Voice of America |date=5 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/children-among-minors-detained-kashmir-article-370-abrogation-reports-1605322-2019-10-01|title=9-year-olds among 144 minors detained in Kashmir since Article 370 abrogation}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=At Least 2,300 People Have Been Detained During the Lockdown in Kashmir |url=https://time.com/5657293/india-kashmir-detention-security-lockdown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821182839/https://time.com/5657293/india-kashmir-detention-security-lockdown/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 August 2019 |work=Time |date=21 August 2019}}</ref>

*From 1 August 2019, at least 627 people were detained in disputed region [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], with many being separatists, overground workers for terrorist groups and stonepelters. As of March 2021, the government sources have stated 173 people are still detained, with no one under house arrest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kashmir city on lockdown after calls for protest march |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/23/kashmir-city-srinagar-india-lockdown-calls-protest-march |work=The Guardian |date=23 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Inside Kashmir's lockdown: 'Even I will pick up a gun' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49294301 |work=BBC |date=10 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Restrictions eased as Kashmir enters Day 22 of lockdown |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/restrictions-eased-as-kashmir-enters-day-22-of-lockdown/articleshow/70839690.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=26 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=627 persons detained in Jammu-Kashmir since August 2019: Govt in Lok Sabha |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/627-persons-detained-in-j-k-since-august-2019-government-in-lok-sabha-121031000122_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=10 March 2021}}</ref>  

*According to a 6 September 2019 report of the Indian government, nearly 4,000 people have been arrested and many were tortured. The report also claimed children were detained, which was later found to be false in December 2019. More than 200 politicians, including two former [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|chief ministers]] of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), along with more than 100 leaders and activists from [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] were detained in the disputed region.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news |title=Thousands detained in Indian Kashmir crackdown, official data reveals |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-detentions/thousands-detained-in-indian-kashmir-crackdown-official-data-reveals-idUSKCN1VX142 |work=Reuters |date=12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/25/young-boys-tortured-kashmir-clampdown-new-figures-show-13000/|title=Young boys tortured in Kashmir clampdown as new figures show}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=627 persons detained in Jammu-Kashmir since August 2019: Govt in Lok Sabha |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/627-persons-detained-in-j-k-since-august-2019-government-in-lok-sabha-121031000122_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court says no minors were held in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-throws-out-plea-alleging-minors-illegally-detained-in-kashmir-valley/article30299684.ece |work=The Hindu |date=13 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==

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* {{citation |last=Kapoor |first=Sindhu |title=Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir from 1925 to 1951 |publisher=University of Jammu/Shodhganga |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/78307 |year=2014 |ref={{sfnref|Kapoor, Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir|2014}}}}

* {{citation |last=Korbel |first=Josef |author-link=Josef Korbel |title=Danger in Kashmir |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1966 |orig-year=first published 1954 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Q7WCgAAQBAJ |isbn=9781400875238 }}

* {{citation |last=Schaffer |first=Howard B. |title=The Limits of Influence: America's Role in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyYOWdA5PNkC |date=2009 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-0370-9 |ref={{sfnref|Schaffer, Limits of Influence|2009}}}}

* {{citation |last=Puri |first=Luv |author-link=Luv Puri |title=Across the Line of Control: Inside Azad Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItY3BAAAQBAJ |date=2013 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-80084-6 |ref={{sfnref|Puri, Across the Line of Control|2013}}}}

* {{citation |last=Sherwani |first=Latif Ahmed |title=The Partition of India and Mountbatten |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac4oqDNFzVcC |publisher=Council for Pakistan Studies |year=1986 |id=GGKEY:0KUG6RJYNX6 |ref={{sfnref|Sherwani, Partition of India and Mountbatten|1986}}}}

* {{citation |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |author-link=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013}}}}

* {{citation |last=Zaheer |first=Hasan |title=The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjNuAAAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577892-2 |ref={{sfnref|Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy|1998}}}}

** {{citation |last=Zaheer |first=Hasan |title=The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjNuAAAAMAAJ |year=2007 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publishers |orig-year=first published by Oxford University Press Pakistan in 1998 |isbn=978-969-35-1992-1 |ref={{sfnref|Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy|2007}}}}

* [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/kashmir.html '''Conflict in Kashmir: Selected Internet Resources by the Library, University of California, Berkeley, USA'''; [[University of California at Berkeley]] Library Bibliographies and Web-Bibliographies list]

[[Category:History of Azad Kashmir]]