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{{Short description|British colonial governor (1839–1921)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
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| image = Donald_James_Mackay_Lord_Reay.jpg | | image = Donald_James_Mackay_Lord_Reay.jpg | ||
| imagesize = | | imagesize = | ||
| caption = | | caption = 1919 portrait by [[Anton van Anrooy]] | ||
| order1 = [[Governor of Bombay]] | | order1 = [[Governor of Bombay]] | ||
| term_start1 = 1885 | | term_start1 = 1885 | ||
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| successor2 = [[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]] | | successor2 = [[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]] | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1839|12|22}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1839|12|22}} | ||
| birth_place = [[The Hague]], | | birth_place = [[The Hague]], Netherlands | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1921|08|1|1839|12|22}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1921|08|1|1839|12|22}} | ||
| death_place = [[Carolside, Scottish Borders|Carolside]], | | death_place = [[Carolside, Scottish Borders|Carolside]], Berwickshire, Scotland | ||
| nationality = [[British subject|British]] | | nationality = [[British subject|British]] | ||
| party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] | | party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] | ||
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| spouse = Fanny Hasler | | spouse = Fanny Hasler | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Coat of Arms of Donald James Mackay, 1st Baron Reay, 11th Lord Reay, KT, GCSI, GCIE, PC, FBA, JP, DL.png|thumb|200px|Shield of Arms of Donald James Mackay, 1st Baron Reay, 11th Lord Reay, KT, GCSI, GCIE, PC, FBA, JP, DL]] | |||
'''Donald James Mackay, 11th Lord Reay''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KT|GCSI|GCIE|PC|FBA|JP|DL}} (22 December 1839 – 1 August 1921) | '''Donald James Mackay, 1st Baron Reay, 11th Lord Reay''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KT|GCSI|GCIE|PC|FBA|JP|DL}} (22 December 1839 – 1 August 1921), in the Netherlands known as '''Donald Jacob, Baron Mackay, Lord of Ophemert and Zennewijnen''', was a Dutch-born British administrator and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
Mackay was born ''Donald Jacob baron Mackay'' in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]],<ref name="ref195">[https://archive.today/20121128195736/http://195.242.171.17/hga/virtuelestudiezaal/WebsitePubliek/SelectieBron.aspx Birth certificate, The Hague Municipal Archive]</ref> the son of [[Aeneas Mackay, 10th Lord Reay]], | Mackay was born ''Donald Jacob baron Mackay'' in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]],<ref name="ref195">[https://archive.today/20121128195736/http://195.242.171.17/hga/virtuelestudiezaal/WebsitePubliek/SelectieBron.aspx Birth certificate, The Hague Municipal Archive]</ref> the son of [[Aeneas Mackay, 10th Lord Reay]], a Dutch member of Parliament, and [[jonkvrouw]] Maria Catharina Anna Jacoba Fagel,<ref name="ref195" /> daughter of mr. Jacob baron Fagel and jkvr. Maria Boreel, relative of the [[Boreel baronets]].<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28">''Nederland's Adelsboek'' 88 (1999), p. 28.</ref> | ||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
Lord Reay succeeded his father in 1876 and was naturalised as a [[British subject]] in 1877.<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28"/> He was created '''Baron Reay''', of Durness in the County of Sutherland, in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], in 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25021 |date=30 September 1881 |page=4891 }}</ref> In 1885 he was appointed [[Governor of Bombay]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25448 |date=3 March 1885 |page=920 }}</ref> a post he held until 1890. | Lord Reay succeeded his father in 1876 and was naturalised as a [[British subject]] in 1877.<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28"/> He was created '''Baron Reay''', of Durness in the County of Sutherland, in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], in 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25021 |date=30 September 1881 |page=4891 }}</ref> In 1885 he was appointed [[Governor of Bombay]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25448 |date=3 March 1885 |page=920 }}</ref> a post he held until 1890. He was appointed a [[Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire]] in 1887 and a [[Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India]] in 1890.<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28"/> After his return to Britain he served as [[Under-Secretary of State for India]] between 1894 and 1895 in [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]] [[Liberal Government 1892–1895|Liberal administration]]. He was also a British delegate at the [[Second Peace Conference]] which led to the signing of the [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Convention 1907]]. Other British delegates included [[Ernest Satow]] and [[Eyre Crowe]]. {{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} | ||
Perhaps his most memorable contribution to politics was during the crisis over the [[People's Budget]] of 1909–10, where the [[House of Lords]], violating a convention going back more than 200 years, rejected the Budget. | Perhaps his most memorable contribution to politics was during the crisis over the [[People's Budget]] of 1909–10, where the [[House of Lords]], violating a convention going back more than 200 years, rejected the Budget. Reay strongly opposed this act, and gave the memorable warning: "Oligarchies are seldom destroyed and more frequently commit suicide".<ref>[[Roy Jenkins]] ''Churchill'' Macmillans 2001 p.165</ref> | ||
==Other public appointments== | ==Other public appointments== | ||
Apart from his political and administrative career Lord Reay was [[Rector of St Andrews University]] from 1884 to 1886,<ref>[http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf Lord Rectors of St Andrews 1858-to date] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605225945/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf |date=5 June 2011 }}</ref> Chairman of the [[London School Board]] (1897–1904), President of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] (1893–1921) and [[University College, London]], and the first President of the [[British Academy]] from 1902 to 1907.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= The British Academy |date=28 November 1902 |page=8 |issue=36937}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100427193425/http://www.britac.ac.uk/misc/guide/marks.cfm britac.ac.uk Donald James Mackay, KT, FBA, 11th Baron Reay (1839–1921)]</ref> He was also [[Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire]] from 1892 to 1918 and served as [[List of Presidents of Co-operative Congress|President]] of the first day of the 1882 [[Co-operative Congress]].<ref name=PDF>{{Citation|title=Congress Presidents 1869-2002 |url=http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |date=February 2002 |access-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100558/http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1906<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27886 |date=16 February 1906 |page=1133 }}</ref> and made a [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]] in 1911.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080607022445/http://www.leighrayment.com/orders/thistle.htm leighrayment.com Knights of the Thistle]</ref> | Apart from his political and administrative career Lord Reay was [[Rector of St Andrews University]] from 1884 to 1886,<ref>[http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf Lord Rectors of St Andrews 1858-to date] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605225945/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf |date=5 June 2011 }}</ref> Chairman of the [[London School Board]] (1897–1904), President of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] (1893–1921) and [[University College, London]], and the first President of the [[British Academy]] from 1902 to 1907.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= The British Academy |date=28 November 1902 |page=8 |issue=36937}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100427193425/http://www.britac.ac.uk/misc/guide/marks.cfm britac.ac.uk Donald James Mackay, KT, FBA, 11th Baron Reay (1839–1921)]</ref> He was also [[Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire]] from 1892 to 1918 and served as [[List of Presidents of Co-operative Congress|President]] of the first day of the 1882 [[Co-operative Congress]].<ref name=PDF>{{Citation|title=Congress Presidents 1869-2002 |url=http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |date=February 2002 |access-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100558/http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1906<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27886 |date=16 February 1906 |page=1133 }}</ref> and made a [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]] in 1911.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080607022445/http://www.leighrayment.com/orders/thistle.htm leighrayment.com Knights of the Thistle]}}</ref> | ||
He received an honorary doctorate ([[Legum Doctor|LL.D]]) from the [[University of Glasgow]] during their 450th jubilee celebrations in June 1901.<ref>{{Cite | He received an honorary doctorate ([[Legum Doctor|LL.D]]) from the [[University of Glasgow]] during their 450th jubilee celebrations in June 1901.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-glasgow-university-jubilee/131294008/ |date=14 June 1901 |title=Glasgow University Jubilee |page=10 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |publication-place=London |issue=36481 |access-date=2024-01-05 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> | ||
He remained in contact with the Dutch community and attended the reception and spoke with the famous Dutch writer [[Louis Couperus]] (1863–1923) on the occasion of his visit to London in June 1921, being invited by the Dutch ambassador in London, [[René de Marees van Swinderen]] (1860–1955), and which visit was mainly organised by his translator [[Alexander Teixeira de Mattos]] (1865–1921).<ref>Ronald Breugelmans, ''Louis Couperus. Lion of the season''. Raamsdonk, De Roofpers, 1982</ref> | He remained in contact with the Dutch community and attended the reception and spoke with the famous Dutch writer [[Louis Couperus]] (1863–1923) on the occasion of his visit to London in June 1921, being invited by the Dutch ambassador in London, [[René de Marees van Swinderen]] (1860–1955), and which visit was mainly organised by his translator [[Alexander Teixeira de Mattos]] (1865–1921).<ref>Ronald Breugelmans, ''Louis Couperus. Lion of the season''. Raamsdonk, De Roofpers, 1982</ref> | ||
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==Family== | ==Family== | ||
[[File:Donald Jacob Mackay.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:Donald Jacob Mackay.jpg|thumb]] | ||
Lord Reay married Fanny Georgiana Jane, daughter of Richard Hasler, of [[Aldingbourne]], [[Sussex]], in 1877. They had no children. He died in August 1921, aged 81. On his death the barony of 1881 became extinct while he was succeeded in the Scottish title by his cousin Eric baron Mackay (1870–1921) who was succeeded only three months later by his son Sir Aeneas Alexander baron Mackay (1905–1963), 13th Lord Reay, member of the House of Lords (1955–1959). | Lord Reay married Fanny Georgiana Jane, daughter of Richard Hasler, of [[Aldingbourne]], [[Sussex]], in 1877. They had no children. He died in August 1921, aged 81. On his death the barony of 1881 became extinct while he was succeeded in the Scottish title by his cousin Eric baron Mackay (1870–1921) who was succeeded only three months later by his son Sir Aeneas Alexander baron Mackay (1905–1963), 13th Lord Reay, member of the House of Lords (1955–1959). | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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years=1885–1890 | years=1885–1890 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{s-bef | before=[[Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry|The Marquess of Londonderry]]}} | ||
{{s-ttl | |||
| title=Chairman of the [[London School Board]] | |||
| years=1897–1904 | |||
}} | |||
{{s-non | reason=Board abolished}} | |||
{{s-hon}} | {{s-hon}} | ||
{{succession box | title=[[Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire]] | before=[[James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe|The Duke of Roxburghe]] | after=[[Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe|The Duke of Roxburghe]] | years=1892–1918}} | {{succession box | title=[[Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire]] | before=[[James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe|The Duke of Roxburghe]] | after=[[Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe|The Duke of Roxburghe]] | years=1892–1918}} | ||
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[[Category:Academics of University College London]] | [[Category:Academics of University College London]] | ||
[[Category:Politicians from The Hague|Mackay, Donald]] | [[Category:Politicians from The Hague|Mackay, Donald]] | ||
[[Category:Clan Mackay|Donald]] | |||
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Mackay, Donald]] | [[Category:Dutch nobility|Mackay, Donald]] | ||
[[Category:Dutch people of Scottish descent]] | [[Category:Dutch people of Scottish descent]] | ||
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[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | [[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | ||
[[Category:Knights of the Thistle]] | [[Category:Knights of the Thistle]] | ||
[[Category:Lord- | [[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Roxburghshire]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the London School Board]] | [[Category:Members of the London School Board]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] | [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] | ||
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[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]] | [[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]] | ||
[[Category:Scottish justices of the peace]] | [[Category:Scottish justices of the peace]] | ||
[[Category:Lords Reay]] | [[Category:Lords Reay|11]] | ||
[[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria]] | [[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria]] | ||
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants]] | |||
[[Category:Scottish clan chiefs]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:58, 20 September 2025
The Lord Reay | |
|---|---|
 1919 portrait by Anton van Anrooy | |
| Governor of Bombay | |
| In office 1885–1890 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Sir James Fergusson, Bt |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Harris |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | |
| In office 11 March 1894 – 21 June 1895 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Prime Minister | The Earl of Rosebery |
| Preceded by | George W. E. Russell |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Onslow |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 December 1839 The Hague, Netherlands |
| Died | 1 August 1921 (aged 81) Carolside, Berwickshire, Scotland |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse(s) | Fanny Hasler |
Donald James Mackay, 1st Baron Reay, 11th Lord Reay, KT, GCSI, GCIE, PC, FBA, JP, DL (22 December 1839 – 1 August 1921), in the Netherlands known as Donald Jacob, Baron Mackay, Lord of Ophemert and Zennewijnen, was a Dutch-born British administrator and Liberal politician.
Background[edit | edit source]
Mackay was born Donald Jacob baron Mackay in The Hague, Netherlands,[1] the son of Aeneas Mackay, 10th Lord Reay, a Dutch member of Parliament, and jonkvrouw Maria Catharina Anna Jacoba Fagel,[1] daughter of mr. Jacob baron Fagel and jkvr. Maria Boreel, relative of the Boreel baronets.[2]
Political career[edit | edit source]
Lord Reay succeeded his father in 1876 and was naturalised as a British subject in 1877.[2] He was created Baron Reay, of Durness in the County of Sutherland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1881.[3] In 1885 he was appointed Governor of Bombay,[4] a post he held until 1890. He was appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire in 1887 and a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1890.[2] After his return to Britain he served as Under-Secretary of State for India between 1894 and 1895 in Lord Rosebery Liberal administration. He was also a British delegate at the Second Peace Conference which led to the signing of the Hague Convention 1907. Other British delegates included Ernest Satow and Eyre Crowe. [citation needed]
Perhaps his most memorable contribution to politics was during the crisis over the People's Budget of 1909–10, where the House of Lords, violating a convention going back more than 200 years, rejected the Budget. Reay strongly opposed this act, and gave the memorable warning: "Oligarchies are seldom destroyed and more frequently commit suicide".[5]
Other public appointments[edit | edit source]
Apart from his political and administrative career Lord Reay was Rector of St Andrews University from 1884 to 1886,[6] Chairman of the London School Board (1897–1904), President of the Royal Asiatic Society (1893–1921) and University College, London, and the first President of the British Academy from 1902 to 1907.[7][8] He was also Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire from 1892 to 1918 and served as President of the first day of the 1882 Co-operative Congress.[9] He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1906[10] and made a Knight of the Thistle in 1911.[11]
He received an honorary doctorate (LL.D) from the University of Glasgow during their 450th jubilee celebrations in June 1901.[12]
He remained in contact with the Dutch community and attended the reception and spoke with the famous Dutch writer Louis Couperus (1863–1923) on the occasion of his visit to London in June 1921, being invited by the Dutch ambassador in London, René de Marees van Swinderen (1860–1955), and which visit was mainly organised by his translator Alexander Teixeira de Mattos (1865–1921).[13]
Family[edit | edit source]
Lord Reay married Fanny Georgiana Jane, daughter of Richard Hasler, of Aldingbourne, Sussex, in 1877. They had no children. He died in August 1921, aged 81. On his death the barony of 1881 became extinct while he was succeeded in the Scottish title by his cousin Eric baron Mackay (1870–1921) who was succeeded only three months later by his son Sir Aeneas Alexander baron Mackay (1905–1963), 13th Lord Reay, member of the House of Lords (1955–1959).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Birth certificate, The Hague Municipal Archive
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nederland's Adelsboek 88 (1999), p. 28.
- ↑ "No. 25021". The London Gazette. 30 September 1881. p. 4891.
- ↑ "No. 25448". The London Gazette. 3 March 1885. p. 920.
- ↑ Roy Jenkins Churchill Macmillans 2001 p.165
- ↑ Lord Rectors of St Andrews 1858-to date Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "The British Academy". The Times. No. 36937. London. 28 November 1902. p. 8.
- ↑ britac.ac.uk Donald James Mackay, KT, FBA, 11th Baron Reay (1839–1921)
- ↑ Congress Presidents 1869-2002 (PDF), February 2002, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008, retrieved 10 May 2008
- ↑ "No. 27886". The London Gazette. 16 February 1906. p. 1133.
- ↑ leighrayment.com Knights of the Thistle[usurped]
- ↑ "Glasgow University Jubilee". The Times. No. 36481. London. 14 June 1901. p. 10. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Ronald Breugelmans, Louis Couperus. Lion of the season. Raamsdonk, De Roofpers, 1982
External links[edit | edit source]
- Photograph of Lord Reay at the National Portrait Gallery
- Papers of Lord Reay from his time as Governor of Bombay [Mumbai] are held at https://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/collections/a-z/r/.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by George W. E. Russell |
Under-Secretary of State for India 1894–1895 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Onslow |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by Sir James Fergusson |
Governor of Bombay 1885–1890 |
Succeeded by The Lord Harris |
| Preceded by The Marquess of Londonderry |
Chairman of the London School Board 1897–1904 |
Board abolished |
| Preceded by The Duke of Roxburghe |
Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire 1892–1918 |
Succeeded by The Duke of Roxburghe |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Sir Theodore Martin |
Rector of the University of St Andrews 1884–1886 |
Succeeded by Arthur Balfour |
| Peerage of Scotland | ||
| Preceded by Aeneas Mackay |
Lord Reay 1876–1921 |
Succeeded by Eric Mackay |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| New creation | Baron Reay 1881–1921 |
Extinct |
| Dutch nobility | ||
| Preceded by Aeneas Mackay |
Baron Mackay 1839–1921 |
Succeeded by Eric Mackay |
Template:FBA 1902 Template:Rectors of the University of St Andrews