Rafael Advanced Defense Systems: Difference between revisions

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| products        = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval Systems
| products        = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval Systems
| services        =  
| services        =  
| revenue          = {{profit}}$$2.7 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2020)<ref name=Globes2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English|website=Globes}}</ref>
| revenue          = {{profit}}$2.7 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2020)<ref name=Globes2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English|website=Globes}}</ref>
| operating_income =  
| operating_income =  
| net_income      = {{profit}}$134 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2016)<ref name=Globes2016 />
| net_income      = {{profit}}$134 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2016)<ref name=Globes2016 />
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==History==
==History==
[[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Iron Dome Intercepts Rockets from the Gaza Strip.jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Iron Dome]] air defense and [[Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar|C-RAM]] system.]]
[[File:Operation Guardian of the Walls, May 2021. XVIII.jpeg|thumb|Rafael's [[Iron Dome]] air defense and [[Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar|C-RAM]] system.]]
[[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]]
[[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]]
[[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]]
[[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]]
[[File:Popey missile.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Popeye (missile)|Popeye standoff missile]]]]
[[File:Popey missile.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Popeye (missile)|Popeye standoff missile]]]]
[[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]].]]
[[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]]]]


Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 [[David Ben-Gurion]] decided to split into two agencies the activities of HEMED. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed in the new EMET agency.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 43</ref>
Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 [[David Ben-Gurion]] decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 43</ref>


In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=Volume 17|language=he}}</ref>
In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to ''RAFAEL''.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=17|language=he}}</ref>


In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/>
In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/>
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==Technological achievements==
==Technological achievements==
* Shafrir (later renamed [[Python (missile)|Python]]) – one of the most successful [[air-to-air missile]]s ever made (during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 106 enemy aircraft)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* Shafrir (later renamed [[Python (missile)|Python]]) – one of the most successful [[air-to-air missile]]s ever made (during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 106 enemy aircraft)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]]
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]]
* [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system
* [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system
** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
*[[Iron Beam]] – laser missile defense system
* [[Iron Dome]] – the world's first operational [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref>
* [[Iron Dome]] – the world's first operational [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref>
* [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy]] – the world's second operational [[active protection system]], which successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the [[Gaza Strip]] toward a [[Merkava]] Mark IV tank near [[Nir Oz]]<ref>{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
* [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy]] – the world's second operational [[active protection system]], which successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the [[Gaza Strip]] toward a [[Merkava]] Mark IV tank near [[Nir Oz]]<ref>{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
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In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to  commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>  The company has successfully established and developed  several companies including:
In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to  commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>  The company has successfully established and developed  several companies including:


* [[Given Imaging]] – a pioneer in the sphere of [[capsule endoscopy]]<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>
* [[Given Imaging]] – a pioneer in the sphere of [[capsule endoscopy]].<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>
* [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Div col}}  
{{Div col}}  
*[[Military equipment of Israel]]
*[[Elbit]] (El-Op)
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)]]
*[[Israel Association for Automatic Control]]
*[[Israel Military Industries]]
*[[Israel Military Industries]]
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)]]
*[[Israel Shipyards]]
*[[Israel Shipyards]]
*[[Israel Association for Automatic Control]]
*[[Military equipment of Israel]]
*[[Elbit]] (El-Op)
*[[Soltam]]
*[[Soltam]]
*[[Military Institute of Armament Technology]]
*[[Defence Technology Institute]]
*[[Swedish Defence Research Agency]]
*[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
*[[National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology]]
{{Div col end}}
{{Div col end}}


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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commonscat}}
*{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
*{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
*[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation]
*[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation]
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{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}
{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}
{{Automotive industry in Israel}}
{{Automotive industry in Israel}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}}
{{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems| ]]
[[Category:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems| ]]

Latest revision as of 01:13, 6 June 2022


For other uses, see Rafael (disambiguation).

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
IndustryDefense, Aerospace
PredecessorScience Corps
Founded1948; 77 years ago (1948)
Headquarters
Haifa
,
Israel
ProductsMilitary aerospace
Missiles
Ordnance
Defense electronics
Protection systems
Naval Systems
RevenueIncrease$2.7 billion USD (2020)[1]
Increase$134 million USD (2016)[1]
OwnerState of Israel
Number of employees
7000
DivisionsMissiles and NCW Division
Ordnance and Protection Division
Manor - Advanced Defense Technologies Division
SubsidiariesRDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation)
Websitewww.rafael.co.il

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. (Hebrew: רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ‎, formerly Rafael Armament Development Authority), ("Rafael" from Hebrew acronym of "Authority for the Development of Armaments" - רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה‎) is an Israeli defense technology company. It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of weapons and military technology within the Israeli Ministry of Defense; in 2002 it was incorporated as a limited company.[2]

Rafael develops and produces weapons, military, and defense technologies for the Israel Defense Forces and for export abroad. All current projects are classified.

History[edit]

Rafael's Iron Dome air defense and C-RAM system.
Israeli soldier with Spike anti-tank missile launcher
Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles
Popeye standoff missile
Rafael's Trophy active protection system, "Windbreaker", on an Israeli Merkava Mk IV main battle tank

Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps (Hebrew: חיל המדע‎, known by the acronym HEMED, Hebrew: חמד‎) under the leadership of Shlomo Gur. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate (אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון‎) in 1952. In 1952 David Ben-Gurion decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.[3]

In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL.[4] It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.[5]

In 1995, Yitzhak Rabin asked Amos Horev to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.[6] Horev served as chairman until January 2001.[6]

Restructuring as a limited company[edit]

During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit centre, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.[7]

The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a limited company (although still as a government-owned corporation), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in R&D programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.[8] By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million ILS (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.[9]

On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.

Technological achievements[edit]

Civilian technology transfer[edit]

In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a technology transfer company, was established as a joint venture with Elron Electronic Industries; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.[16] The company has successfully established and developed several companies including:

Products[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English". Globes.
  2. ↑ "Globes Dun's 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd". Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.
  3. ↑ The bomb is the basement, page 43
  4. ↑ The bomb is the basement, page 113
  5. ↑ Merdor, Monaya M. (1982). "Science Corps (Hemed)". IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia (in עברית). Vol. 17. Revivim Publishing. pp. 17–19.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Amos Horev". MIT Enterprise Forum. 1 January 2001. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  7. ↑ "Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company". Globes. 1 May 1997.
  8. ↑ "Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m". Globes. 17 March 2004.
  9. ↑ Azulai, Yuval (20 March 2017). "Rafael reports higher profit for 2016". Globes.
  10. ↑ John Pike. "Shafrir". Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons". Defense-Update.Com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  12. ↑ Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  13. ↑ Anshel Pfeffer; Yanir Yagna (7 April 2011). "Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  14. ↑ HARTMAN, BEN. "Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank". News Article. Jerusalem Post.
  15. ↑ "Protector". Defence Updates. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  16. ↑ "RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  17. ↑ Invest in Israel: Given Imaging Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Fairchild launches Oramir Israel Business Today
  19. ↑ "SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01". Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  20. ↑ "List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 10 July 2015.[permanent dead link]
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake". Globes. 15 March 2010.
  22. ↑ Shelah, Shmulik (22 June 2009). "Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition". Globes. Tel Aviv: Globes Publisher Itonut. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009. [Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." Alt URL
  23. ↑ "Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo". Diabetes Daily. 14 April 2010.
  24. ↑ Hughes, Robin (20 February 2019). "Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile". Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  25. ↑ Ahronheim, Anna (20 February 2019). "Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  26. ↑ Zitun , Yoav (6 March 2018). "'Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system". Ynetnews. Retrieved 4 June 2018.

External links[edit]

Template:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Template:Automotive industry in Israel


Coordinates: 32°52′06″N 35°05′35″E / 32.8684°N 35.0931°E / 32.8684; 35.0931

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