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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Short description|Indian revolutionary (1884–1939)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox writer  
{{Infobox writer  
|name          = Lala Har Dayal
|name          = Lala Har Dayal
|image          =Lala Har Dayal 1987 stamp of India.jpg
|image          = Lala Har Dayal 1987 stamp of India.jpg
|image_size    =  
|image_size    =  
|alt            =
|alt            =
|caption        = Mathur on a 1987 stamp of India
|caption        = Har Dayal on a 1987 stamp of India
|birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1884|10|14}}
|birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1884|10|14}}
|birth_place    = [[Delhi]], Delhi Division, [[Punjab Province (British India)|Panjab Province]], [[British India|British Indian Empire]] <br/>{{small|(present-day India)}}
|birth_place    = [[Delhi]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Panjab Province]], [[British India]]
|birth_name    = Har Dayal Singh Mathur
|birth_name    = Har Dayal Mathur
|Current Place  =
|death_date    = {{death date and age|df=yes|1939|03|04|1884|10|14}}
|death_date    = {{death date and age|df=yes|1939|03|04|1884|10|14}}
|death_place    = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
|death_place    = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
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}}
   
   
Lala '''Har Dayal Singh Mathur''' (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 – 4 March 1939) was an [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] revolutionary and freedom fighter.<ref name=emily-brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Emily C.|title=Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist|year=1975|publisher=University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson|isbn=0-8165-0422-9}}</ref> He was a [[polymath]] who turned down a career in the [[Indian Civil Service]]. His [[simple living]] and intellectual acumen inspired many [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|expatriate Indians]] living in Canada and the U.S. in their campaign against [[British Raj|British rule in India]] during the First World War.
Lala '''Har Dayal Mathur''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 – 4 March 1939) was an [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] revolutionary and freedom fighter.<ref name=emily-brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Emily C.|title=Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist|year=1975|publisher=University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson|isbn=0-8165-0422-9}}</ref> He was a [[polymath]] who turned down a career in the [[Indian Civil Service]]. His [[simple living]] and intellectual acumen inspired many [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|expatriate Indians]] living in Canada and the U.S. in their campaign against [[British Raj|British rule in India]] during the First World War.


==Biography==
==Biography==


===Early years===
Har Dayal Mathur was born in a Hindu [[Mathur (name)|Mathur Kayastha]] family on 14 October 1884 at Delhi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sareen|first=Tilakraj|title=Select Documents on the Ghadr Party |year=1994|publisher=Mounto Publishing House|page=20|quote= Hardayal was a Delhi man, a high caste Hindu of the Mathur, Kayastha Community}}</ref> He studied at the Cambridge Mission School and received his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[Sanskrit]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] and his [[master's degree]] also in Sanskrit from [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]]. In 1905, he received two scholarships of [[Oxford University]] for his higher studies in Sanskrit: [[Boden Scholarship]], 1907 and Casberd Exhibitioner, an award from [[St John's College, Oxford|St John's College]], where he was studying.<ref>{{cite web|title=Making of Britain|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/lala-har-dayal|publisher=Open University|access-date=24 October 2022}}</ref>


Har Dayal Mathur was born in a Hindu [[Mathur (name)|Mathur Kayastha]] family on 14 October 1884 at Delhi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sareen|first=Tilakraj|title=Select Documents on the Ghadr Party |year=1994|publisher=Mounto Publishing House|page=20|quote= Hardayal was a Delhi man, a high caste Hindu of the Mathur, Kayastha Community}}</ref> He was the sixth of seven children of Bholi Rani and Gauri Dayal Mathur. His father was a district court [[Reader (Inns of Court)|reader]]. Lala is not so much a surname as a sub-caste designation, within the [[Kayastha]] community, but it is generally termed as an honorific title for writers such as the word Pandit which is used for knowledgeable persons in other Hindu communities. At an early age, he was influenced by [[Arya Samaj]]. He was associated with [[Shyam Krishnavarma]], [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] and [[Bhikaiji Cama]]. He also drew inspiration from [[Giuseppe Mazzini]], [[Karl Marx]] and [[Mikhail Bakunin]]. He was, according to Emily Brown as quoted by Juergensmeyer, "in sequence an [[atheist]], a revolutionary, a Buddhist, and a pacifist".
He studied at the Cambridge Mission School and received his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[Sanskrit]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] and his [[master's degree]] also in Sanskrit from [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]]. In 1905, he received two scholarships of [[Oxford University]] for his higher studies in Sanskrit: [[Boden Scholarship]], 1907 and Casberd Exhibitioner, an award from [[St John's College, Oxford|St John's College]], where he was studying.<ref>{{cite web|title=Making of Britain|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/lala-har-dayal|publisher=Open University|access-date=24 October 2013}}</ref> In a letter to ''[[The Indian Sociologist]]'', published in 1907, he started to explore [[anarchism|anarchist]] ideas, arguing that "our object is not to reform government, but to reform it away, leaving, if necessary only nominal traces of its existence." The letter led to him being put under surveillance by the police. Later that year, saying "To Hell with the [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]", he gave up the prestigious Oxford scholarships and returned to India in 1908 to live a life of austerity. But in India too, he started writing harsh articles in the leading newspapers, When the British government decided to [[Censorship|censor]] his works, Lala Lajpat Rai advised him to leave and go abroad. It was during this period that he came into the friendship of the anarchist [[Guy Aldred]], who was put on trial for printing ''The Indian Sociologist''.
[[File:Paris Bande Mataram 17 August 1909.jpg|thumb|August 1909 issue of the [[Vande Mataram]] published from Paris]]He moved to Paris in 1909 and became editor of the ''[[Bande Mataram (Paris publication)|Vande Mataram]]''. But he was not very happy in Paris, so he left Paris and moved to [[Algeria]]. There too, he was unhappy and pondered over to going to either [[Cuba]] or Japan. After all, he went to [[Martinique]], where he started living a life of austerity. An Arya Samaj Missionary, [[Bhai Parmanand]] went there to look for him and found him lonely and isolated. The two discussed founding a new religion modeled on Buddhism. Har Dayal was living an [[ascetic]] life eating only boiled grain and potatoes, sleeping on the floor and meditating in a secluded place. Guy Aldred later related that this religion's motto was to be [[Atheism]], [[Cosmopolitanism]] and [[Normative ethics|moral law]]. Emily Brown and Erik Erikson have described this as a crisis of "ego-identity" for him. Parmanand says that Har Dayal agreed to go to the United States to propagate the ancient culture of the [[Aryan race]].
Hardayal went straight from [[Boston]] to [[California]], where he wrote an [[idyll]]ic account of life in the United States. He then moved on to [[Honolulu]] in Hawaii where he spent some time meditating on [[Waikiki Beach]]. During his stay, he made friends with [[Buddhism in Japan|Japanese Buddhists]]. He also started studying the works of [[Karl Marx]]. Whilst here he wrote ''Some Phases of Contemporary Thought in India'' subsequently published in ''[[Modern Review (Calcutta)|Modern Review]]''. Parmanand persuaded him by letter to return to California.
=== Anarchist activism in America ===
[[File:Guru Govind Singh Sahib educational scholarships brochure.jpg|left|thumb|Brochure of the ''Guru Govind Singh Sahib Educational Scholarship'']]
{{Anarchism sidebar}}
{{Anarchism sidebar}}
He moved to the United States in 1911, where he became involved in [[industrial unionism]]. He had also served as secretary of the [[San Francisco]] branch of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] alongside [[Fritz Wolffheim]], (later a [[National Bolshevik]] after he had left IWW and joined the [[Communist Workers' Party of Germany]]). In a statement outlining the principles of the ''Fraternity of the Red Flag'', he said they proposed "the establishment of Communism, and the abolition of private property in land and capital through an industrial organization and the [[general strike]], ultimate abolition of the coercive organization of government". A little over a year later, this group was given {{convert|6|acre|m2}} of land and a house in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], where he founded the ''[[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin]] Institute of California'', which he described as "the first [[monastery]] of anarchism".<ref>{{cite book | last = Avrich | first = Paul | author-link=Paul Avrich| title = Anarchist Portraits | url = https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri | url-access = registration | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-691-00609-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri/page/30 30]}}</ref> The organisation aligned itself with the ''[[Regeneración]]'' movement founded by the exiled Mexicans [[Ricardo Flores Magón|Ricardo]] and [[Enrique Flores Magón]]. He had a designated post of a lecturer in Indian philosophy and Sanskrit at [[Stanford University|Leland Stanford University]]. However, he was forced to resign because of embarrassment about his activities in the [[anarchist]] movement.
He moved to the United States in 1911, where he became involved in [[industrial unionism]]. He had also served as secretary of the [[San Francisco]] branch of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] alongside [[Fritz Wolffheim]], (later a [[National Bolshevik]] after he had left IWW and joined the [[Communist Workers' Party of Germany]]). In a statement outlining the principles of the ''Fraternity of the Red Flag'', he said they proposed "the establishment of Communism, and the abolition of private property in land and capital through an industrial organization and the [[general strike]], ultimate abolition of the coercive organization of government". A little over a year later, this group was given {{convert|6|acre|m2}} of land and a house in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], where he founded the ''[[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin]] Institute of California'', which he described as "the first [[monastery]] of anarchism".<ref>{{cite book | last = Avrich | first = Paul | author-link=Paul Avrich| title = Anarchist Portraits | url = https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri | url-access = registration | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-691-00609-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri/page/30 30]}}</ref>
 
In California, he soon developed contacts with Punjabi Sikh farmers in [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]. Punjabis, a great majority of whom were Sikhs, had started emigrating to the West Coast around the turn of the century. Having experienced hostility by the Canadians in Vancouver, they had already become disaffected with the British. Hardayal tapped into this sentiment of these energetic Sikhs and other Punjabis. Having developed an Indian [[nationalist]] perspective, he encouraged young Indians to gain scientific and [[sociological]] education.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farquhar|first=J.N.|url=https://archive.org/stream/thecrownofhindui00farquoft/thecrownofhindui00farquoft_djvu.txt|title=The Crown Of Hinduism|isbn=978-1375792240|pages=36–37|quote=Metaphysics has been the curse of India. It has blighted her history and compassed her ruin. ... It has blinded her seers and led them to mistake phantoms for realities. ... ''Young men of India, look not for wisdom in the musty parchments of your metaphysical treatises. There is nothing but an endless round of verbal jugglery there. Read Rousseau and Voltaire, Plato and Aristotle, Haeckel and Spencer, Marx and Tolstoi, Ruskin and Comte, and other European thinkers, if you wish to understand life and its problems.'' India has hundreds of really sincere and aspiring young men and women, who are free from all taint of greed and worldliness, but they are altogether useless for any purpose that one may appreciate. They have established monasteries in remote, nooks in the mountains in order to realize the Brahman.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-16|title=The Inanity of Brahman and the Vedantic Worldview|url=http://nirmukta.com/2012/02/16/deconstructing-the-inanity-of-brahman-and-the-vedantic-worldview/|access-date=2020-07-26|website=Nirmukta|language=en-GB|quote=We keep moving in the old rut; we edit and re-edit the old books instead of translating the classics of European social thought. Indian pundits and graduates seem to suffer from a kind of mania for what is effete and antiquated. Thus an institution, established by progressive men, aims at leading our youths through Sanskrit grammar to the Vedas via the Six Darshanas! What a false move in the quest for wisdom!}}</ref> With the personal help of Teja Singh, [[Tarak Nath Das]] and [[Arthur Pope]] and funding from Jwala Singh, a rich farmer from Stockton, he set up ''Guru Govind Singh Sahib Educational Scholarship'' for Indian students. With Shyamji Krishna Verma's ''India House'' in London, he established his house as a home for these students. Amongst the six students who responded to the offer were Nand Singh Sehra, Darisi Chenchiah and [[Gobind Behari Lal]], his wife's cousin. They lived together in a rented apartment close to the [[University of California, Berkeley]].
 
=== Assassination attempt on Viceroy of India ===
At the time, he was still a vigorous anarchist propagandist and had very little to do with the nationalist Nalanda Club, composed of Indian students. However, [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]]'s attempt on the life of the Indian Viceroy, [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]], on 23 December 1912 had a major impact upon him. He visited the Nalanda Club Hostel to tell them this news at dinner. He delivered a rousing lecture, which ended with the following couplet of the Urdu poet Mir Taqi 'Mir' of Delhi (India):
 
<blockquote><poem>
Pagari apani sambhaliyega 'Mir' !
Aur basti nahin, ye [[Delhi|Dilli]] hai !!
 
Take care of your [[turban]] Mr Mir ! (Note: Here Mir is Quoted for Britishers.)
This is not just any town, this is Delhi, India Okay !!
</poem></blockquote>
 
The hostel then became a party with dancing and the singing of ''Vande Mataram''. Hardayal excitedly told his anarchist friends of what one of his men had done in India.
 
He quickly brought out a pamphlet called the ''Yugantar Circular'' in which he eulogised about the bombing:
 
{{quote|HAIL ! HAIL ! HAIL !


BOMB OF 23 DECEMBER 1912
In California, he soon developed contacts with Punjabi Sikh farmers in [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]. Punjabis, a great majority of whom were Sikhs, had started emigrating to the West Coast around the turn of the century. Having experienced hostility by the Canadians in Vancouver, they had already become disaffected with the British. Hardayal tapped into this sentiment of these energetic Sikhs and other Punjabis. Having developed an Indian [[nationalist]] perspective, he encouraged young Indians to gain scientific and [[sociological]] education.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farquhar|first=J.N.|url=https://archive.org/stream/thecrownofhindui00farquoft/thecrownofhindui00farquoft_djvu.txt|title=The Crown Of Hinduism|year=1913|isbn=978-1375792240|pages=36–37|quote=Metaphysics has been the curse of India. It has blighted her history and compassed her ruin. ... It has blinded her seers and led them to mistake phantoms for realities. ... ''Young men of India, look not for wisdom in the musty parchments of your metaphysical treatises. There is nothing but an endless round of verbal jugglery there. Read Rousseau and Voltaire, Plato and Aristotle, Haeckel and Spencer, Marx and Tolstoi, Ruskin and Comte, and other European thinkers, if you wish to understand life and its problems.'' India has hundreds of really sincere and aspiring young men and women, who are free from all taint of greed and worldliness, but they are altogether useless for any purpose that one may appreciate. They have established monasteries in remote, nooks in the mountains in order to realize the Brahman.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-16|title=The Inanity of Brahman and the Vedantic Worldview|url=http://nirmukta.com/2012/02/16/deconstructing-the-inanity-of-brahman-and-the-vedantic-worldview/|access-date=2020-07-26|website=Nirmukta|language=en-GB|quote=We keep moving in the old rut; we edit and re-edit the old books instead of translating the classics of European social thought. Indian pundits and graduates seem to suffer from a kind of mania for what is effete and antiquated. Thus an institution, established by progressive men, aims at leading our youths through Sanskrit grammar to the Vedas via the Six Darshanas! What a false move in the quest for wisdom!}}</ref>
HARBINGER OF HOPE AND COURAGE


DEAR REAWAKENER OF SLUMBERING SOULS
In April 1914, he was arrested by the United States government for spreading [[anarchist]] literature and fled to [[Berlin]], Germany. In Berlin he became instrumental to the formation of the [[Berlin Committee]] (later: Indian Independence Committee) and cooperated with the German [[Intelligence Bureau for the East]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liebau|first=Heike|date=2019|title="Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)|url=https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/unternehmungen-und-aufwiegelungen-das-berliner-indische-unabhaengigkeitskomitee-in-den-akten-des-politischen-archivs-des-auswaertigen-amts-1914-1920/|journal=MIDA Archival Reflexicon|pages=3–4}}</ref>


CONCENTRATED MORAL DYNAMITE
He died in Philadelphia on 4 March 1939. In the evening of his death, he delivered a lecture as usual where he had said: "I am in peace with all". But a very close friend of Lala Hardayal and the founder member of ''Bharat Mata Society'' (established in 1907), Lala Hanumant Sahai, did not accept the death as natural, he suspected it as poisoning.<ref>{{Cite book|title=''Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas'' (Vol-2)|last=Dr.'Krant'|first=M.L.Verma|year=2006|publisher=Praveen Prakashan|location=New Delhi|page=452|isbn=81-7783-120-8}}</ref>


THE ESPERANTO OF REVOLUTION
In 1987, the India Department of Posts issued a commemorative stamp in his honor, within the series of "India's Struggle for Freedom".<ref>{{cite book|author=Jain, Manik|year=2018| title= Phila India Guide Book| publisher= Philatelia| pages=114}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LALA HARDAYAL |url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Serial%20Number/1231/LALA%20HARDAYAL |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=www.indianpost.com}}</ref>


Who can describe the moral power of the bomb? It is a concentrated moral dynamite. When the strong and cunning in the pride of their power parade their glory before their helpless victims, when the rich and naughty set themselves on a pedestal and ask their slaves to fall down before them and worship them, when the wicked ones on the Earth seem exalted to the sky and nothing appears to withstand their might, then in that dark hour, for the glory of humanity comes the bomb, which lays the tyrant in the dust. It tells all the cowering slaves that he who sits enthroned as God is a mere man like them. Then, in that hour of shame, a bomb preaches the eternal truth of human equality and sends proud superiors and Viceroys from the palace and the howdah to the grave and the hospital. Then, in that tense moment, when human nature is ashamed of itself, the bomb declares the vanity of power and pomp and redeems us from our own baseness.
== Selected works ==
 
Some of his books with available references are listed below:<ref>{{Cite book|title=''Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas'' (Vol-2)|last=Dr.'Krant'|first=M.L.Verma|year=2006|publisher=Praveen Prakashan|location=New Delhi (India)|pages=453–458|isbn=81-7783-120-8}}</ref>
HOW GREAT WE FEEL WHEN SOMEONE DOES THE HEROIC DEED? WE SHARE IN HIS MORAL POWER. WE REJOICE IN HIS ASSERTION OF HUMAN EQUALITY AND DIGNITY.|''Lala Hardayal'' (Yugantar Circular:1913)}}
 
In April 1914, he was arrested by the United States government for spreading [[anarchist]] literature and fled to [[Berlin]], Germany. In Berlin he became instrumental to the formation of the [[Berlin Committee]] (later: Indian Independence Committee) and cooperated with the German [[Intelligence Bureau for the East]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liebau|first=Heike|date=2019|title=„Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen“: Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)|url=https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/unternehmungen-und-aufwiegelungen-das-berliner-indische-unabhaengigkeitskomitee-in-den-akten-des-politischen-archivs-des-auswaertigen-amts-1914-1920/|journal=MIDA Archival Reflexicon|pages=3-4}}</ref> He subsequently lived for a decade in Sweden. He received his [[Ph.D.]] degree in 1930 from the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. In 1932, he got his book ''Hints For Self Culture'' published and embarked on a lecture circuit covering Europe, India, and the United States.
 
He died in Philadelphia on 4 March 1939. In the evening of his death, he delivered a lecture as usual where he had said: "I am in peace with all". But a very close friend of Lala Hardayal and the founder member of ''Bharat Mata Society'' (established in 1907), [[Lala Hanumant Sahai]] did not accept the death as natural, he suspected it as poisoning.<ref>{{Cite book|title=''Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas'' (Vol-2)|last=Dr.'Krant'|first=M.L.Verma|year=2006|publisher=Praveen Prakashan|location=New Delhi-110002 (India)|page=452|isbn=81-7783-120-8}}</ref>
 
In 1987, the India Department of Posts issued a commemorative stamp in his honor, within the series of "India's Struggle for Freedom".<ref>{{cite book|author=Jain, Manik|year=2018| title= Phila India Guide Book| publisher= Philatelia| pages=114}}</ref>
The article "Karl Marx: Modern Rishi", written by him for the March 1912 issue of the ''Modern Review'' was translated to [[Malayalam]] and printed by Swadesabhimani Ramakishna Pillai after four months (August 1912). Since there was no proper attribution of authorship, this can be considered an instance of plagiarism. This was exposed by reputed Editor and Writer Ramachandran in the January 2018 issue of ''Granthalokam,the Kerala Library Council publication.{{Citation needed|reason=A book is mentioned, but a page number might be nice|date=June 2020}}'' The similarity between the two has been noticed by Kiran Moitra in his book "Marxism in India".{{Citation needed|reason=A book is mentioned, but a page number might be nice|date=June 2020}}
 
==Works by Lala Har Dayal==
Some of his books with available references are listed below:<ref>{{Cite book|title=''Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas'' (Vol-2)|last=Dr.'Krant'|first=M.L.Verma|year=2006|publisher=Praveen Prakashan|location=New Delhi (India)|page=453-458|isbn=81-7783-120-8}}</ref>


# ''Our Educational Problem'': Collection of Lalaji's articles. It was published in ''Punjabi'', from Lahore, as a 1922 book with introduction by [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]
# ''Our Educational Problem'': Collection of Lalaji's articles. It was published in ''Punjabi'', from Lahore, as a 1922 book with introduction by [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]
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# ''Social Conquest of Hindu Race'': A booklet containing 21 pages, proscribed by British Raj and kept in National Archives of India under Acc.No.74. (Ref:Patriotic s Banned by the Raj)
# ''Social Conquest of Hindu Race'': A booklet containing 21 pages, proscribed by British Raj and kept in National Archives of India under Acc.No.74. (Ref:Patriotic s Banned by the Raj)
# ''Writings of Lala Har Dayal'': This book was published in 1920 by Swaraj Publishing House, Varanasi, as mentioned in the book by Vishwa Nath Prasad Verma ''Adhunik Bhartiya Rajneetik Chintan'' on page 389.
# ''Writings of Lala Har Dayal'': This book was published in 1920 by Swaraj Publishing House, Varanasi, as mentioned in the book by Vishwa Nath Prasad Verma ''Adhunik Bhartiya Rajneetik Chintan'' on page 389.
# ''Forty-Four Months in Germany and Turkey'': This book was published in 1920 by P.S. King and Sons in London when Lalaji was living in Sweden. Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthy quoted many references from this book in his ''Kranti Ka Udghosh''.
# {{Cite book |last=Dayal |first=Har |url=http://archive.org/details/fortyfourmonthsi00dayauoft |title=Forty-four months in Germany and Turkey, February 1915 to October 1918, a record of personal impressions |date=1920 |publisher=London, King}}: This book was published in 1920 by P.S. King and Sons in London when Lalaji was living in Sweden. Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthy quoted many references from this book in his ''Kranti Ka Udghosh''.
# ''Lala Har Dayal Ji Ke Swadhin Vichar'': This book was translated into Hindi by Sri Narayan Prasad Arora and was published in Raghunandan Press, Kanpur by Pt. Ganga Narayan Shukla in 1922. It can be seen in Seth [[Soorajmull Jalan]] Library, Calcutta.
# ''Lala Har Dayal Ji Ke Swadhin Vichar'': This book was translated into Hindi by Sri Narayan Prasad Arora and was published in Raghunandan Press, Kanpur by Pt. Ganga Narayan Shukla in 1922. It can be seen in Seth [[Soorajmull Jalan]] Library, Calcutta.
# ''Amrit me Vish'': This was the Hindi Translation of above book 'Thoughts on Education'. It was published by Lajpat Rai Prithviraj Sahni from Lohari Gate, Lahore in the year 1922. In the National Library, Calcutta under catalogue no 181.Rc.92.33.
# ''Amrit me Vish'': This was the Hindi Translation of above book 'Thoughts on Education'. It was published by Lajpat Rai Prithviraj Sahni from Lohari Gate, Lahore in the year 1922. In the National Library, Calcutta under catalogue no 181.Rc.92.33.
# ''Hints for Self Culture'': This famous book of Lala Har Dayal was published by Hy.S.L.Polak and Co. London (U.K) in 1934. Jaico Publishing House published it in 1977 from Bombay by obtaining copyright from its original publisher in 1961. Its Hindi Translation has also been published from Kitab Ghar, Delhi (India) in 1997 under the title 'Vyaktitva Vikas-Sangharsh aur Safalata'.
# ''Hints for Self Culture'': This famous book of Lala Har Dayal was published by Hy.S.L.Polak and Co. London (U.K) in 1934. Jaico Publishing House published it in 1977 from Bombay by obtaining copyright from its original publisher in 1961. Its Hindi Translation has also been published from Kitab Ghar, Delhi (India) in 1997 under the title 'Vyaktitva Vikas-Sangharsh aur Safalata'.
# ''Glimpses of World Religions''': It was the presentation of several religions by Lala Har Dayal from so many angles of history, ethics, theology, and religious philosophy. It reflects the individuality of every religion in a rational way of thinking. This book was also published by Jaico Publishing House India from Bombay.
# ''Glimpses of World Religions''': It was the presentation of several religions by Lala Har Dayal from so many angles of history, ethics, theology, and religious philosophy. It reflects the individuality of every religion in a rational way of thinking. This book was also published by Jaico Publishing House India from Bombay.
# ''Bodhisattva Doctrines'': Lala Lajpat Rai, who was a mentor of Har Dayal, had suggested him to write an authentic book based on the principles of Gautam Buddha. In 1927 when Har Dayal was not given permission by the British Government to return to India, he decided to remain in London. He wrote this book and presented it to the University as a thesis. The book was approved for Ph.D. and a Doctorate was awarded to him in 1932. It was published from London in the year 1932. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers of India re-published this book in 1970 as ''The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature''.
# ''Bodhisattva Doctrines'': Lala Lajpat Rai, who was a mentor of Har Dayal, had suggested him to write an authentic book based on the principles of Gautam Buddha. In 1927 when Har Dayal was not given permission by the British Government to return to India, he decided to remain in London. He wrote this book and presented it to the university as a thesis. The book was approved for Ph.D. and a Doctorate was awarded to him in 1932. It was published from London in the year 1932. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers of India re-published this book in 1970 as ''The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature''.


===The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature===
===The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature===
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*The last Chapter VII relates the events of the [[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]] Buddha's past lives as Bodhisattva.
*The last Chapter VII relates the events of the [[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]] Buddha's past lives as Bodhisattva.


This book contains comprehensive notes and references besides a general index appended at the end. This book has been written in a particularly lucid style which exhibits scholarly acumen and the mastery of Lala Hardayal in literary art. It proved influential with [[Edward Conze]], a [[German people|German]] [[Marxist]] refugee from [[Nazi Germany]] who made Har Dayal 's acquaintance in London in the 1930s.<ref name="De Jong">{{cite journal |last1=De Jong |first1=J. W. |title=Edward Conze 1904–1979 |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |date=1980 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=143–146 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24653324 |access-date=5 December 2020 |issn=0019-7246}}</ref>
This book contains comprehensive notes and references besides a general index appended at the end. This book has been written in a particularly lucid style which exhibits scholarly acumen and the mastery of Lala Hardayal in literary art. It proved influential with [[Edward Conze]], a [[German people|German]] [[Marxist]] refugee from [[Nazi Germany]] who made Har Dayal 's acquaintance in London in the 1930s.<ref name="De Jong">{{cite journal |last1=De Jong |first1=J. W. |title=Edward Conze 1904–1979 |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |date=1980 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=143–146 |doi=10.1163/000000080790080729 |jstor=24653324 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24653324 |access-date=5 December 2020 |issn=0019-7246}}</ref>


==Appreciations==
==Appreciations==
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*''The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature'' by Har Dayal, 1932; Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1970
*''The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature'' by Har Dayal, 1932; Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1970
* Pandit Vardachari ''Thoughts On Education by L. Har Dayal'' 1969 New Delhi-110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal.
* Pandit Vardachari ''Thoughts On Education by L. Har Dayal'' 1969 New Delhi-110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal.
* {{Cite web |title=Lala Har Dayal {{!}} Indian revolutionary {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lala-Har-Dayal |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Lala Har Dayal}}
{{commons category|Lala Har Dayal}}
* [http://www.hindustanbooks.com/books/our_educational_problem/OurEducationalProblem.html '''Our Educational Problem'''] – collection of Lala Har Dayal's articles published in '''Punjabi''' (published from Lahore)
 
* [https://archive.org/details/fortyfourmonthsi00dayauoft '''Forty-four months in Germany and Turkey'''] – digital archive at archive.org
* [http://www.hindustanbooks.com/books/our_educational_problem/OurEducationalProblem.html Our Educational Problem] – collection of Lala Har Dayal's articles published in Punjabi (published from Lahore)
*Sunit Singh: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/dayal_har/ Dayal, Har], in: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html/ 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War].
* Sunit Singh: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/dayal_har/ Dayal, Har], in: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html/ 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War].
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030816/windows/above.htm  A tribute to the great revolutionary] – an article by [[Khushwant Singh]]
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/har-dayal Har Dayal materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/har-dayal Har Dayal materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050216193553/http://www.dayafterindia.com/oct104/good_morning.html Yogendra Bali, ''Understanding revolutionary idol Lala Hardayal'']
 
* http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Serial%20Number/1231/LALA%20HARDAYAL
{{India House}}
{{India House}}
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
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[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Simple living advocates]]
[[Category:Simple living advocates]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:American politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American politicians of Indian descent]]