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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Indian Sanskrit and Persian scholar}} | ||
{{ | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}} | ||
{{ | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox academic | ||
| | | name = Raj Kaul-Nehru | ||
| | | image = | ||
| birth_date = | | caption = | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_name = Raj Kaul | ||
| death_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| death_place = | | birth_place = Kashmir | ||
| occupation = | | death_date = | ||
| | | death_place = | ||
| | | occupation = Scholar | ||
| spouse = | |||
| alma_mater = | |||
| influences = | |||
| workplaces = [[Shahjahanabad|Old Delhi]] | |||
| main_interests = Translation | |||
| notable_works = | |||
| notable_ideas = | |||
| influenced = | |||
| signature = | |||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Raj Kaul''', according to the [[Nehru–Gandhi family|Nehru family]] tradition, was an Indian [[Sanskrit]] and [[Persian (language)|Persian]] scholar from [[Kashmir]], who had been recruited in 1716 by the then [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[List of Mughal emperors|Emperor]], [[Farrukhsiyar]] (1683 – 1719), to move to [[Old Delhi]], where he settled near a canal and came to be known with a hyphenated Kaul-Nehru, with Nehru evolving from the word nehar, meaning canal. He was later noted as the earliest known member of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]]. As a result, several Nehru member biographies generally begin with Kaul's story.<ref name=Prasad2022>{{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=Yogendra |last2=Sharma |first2=Vishnu |title=History of Modern India & India's Ancient Past (Bharatiya Itihas Prashnottari/ Bharat Ka Itihas/ Vishwa Ka Itihas/ Itihas Ke 50 Viral Sach): History of Modern India & India's ancient Past |date=2022 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByqIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=Power1964>{{cite journal |last1=Power |first1=Paul F. |title=Indian Foreign Policy: The Age of Nehru |journal=The Review of Politics |date=1964 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=257–286 |doi=10.1017/S0034670500004770 |jstor=1405752 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405752 |issn=0034-6705|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=Nanda2007>{{cite book |last1=Nanda |first1=B. R. |title=The Nehrus: Motilal and Jawaharlal |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-908793-8 |page=10 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iiwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |language=en |chapter=1. Formative years}}</ref><ref name=Bhattacharya2013>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Samir |title=Nothing But!: Book Two: the Long Road to Freedom |date=2013 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-1474-3 |pages=115–116 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xj-VAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115|language=en |chapter=4. Time to rub the salt in}}</ref> | |||
[[ | ==Tradition== | ||
According to [[Braj Kumar Nehru]], records of the Nehru family prior to when they fled [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Delhi in 1857]], were either lost or destroyed.<ref name=Braj2012>{{Cite book |last=Nehru |first=B. K |title=Nice guys finish second: memoirs |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341782-8 |location=New Delhi |language=English |oclc=1117765699|chapter=Part 1: the early years (1909-1926)|pages=7–8}}</ref> In his autobiography, Braj Kumar is told by Kashmiri history scholar, [[Mohammad Yousuf Taing]], that Farrukhsiyar never went to Kashmir.<ref name=Braj2012/> Though, according to Braj Kumar, he may have heard of Kaul's reputation and therefore called for him.<ref name=Braj2012/> In Taing's opinion, the name Nehru must have been attached to the family before the migration to Delhi, or else the name would have been feminised to "Nehri".<ref name=Braj2012/> [[Walter Roper Lawrence|Sir Walter Lawrence]], author of ''[[The Valley of Kashmir]]'' and who studied the villages of Kashmir, told Braj Kumar that Nehru may have been "Nahru" from one particular village in the Kashmir Valley.<ref name=Braj2012/> The traditional story of Raj Kaul as a Kasmiri Brahmin pandit, is recited in [[Katherine Frank (biographer)|Katherine Frank]]'s biography of [[Indira Gandhi]] titled ''Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi,'', and [[Walter Crocker]]'s biography of Jawaharlal Nehru titled ''Nehru: A Contemporary's Estimate '' (1966),<ref name=Crocker2011>{{cite book |last1=Crocker |first1=Walter |title=Nehru: A Contemporary's Estimate |date=2011 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-213-3 |page=12 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQ8p4XTRZgEC&pg=PA12 |language=en |chapter=2. Nehru's personal background}}</ref> both of which are cited from [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s autobiography titled ''[[An Autobiography (Nehru)|An Autobiography]]''.<ref name=Frank2010>{{cite book |last1=Frank |first1=Katherine |title=Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi |date=2010 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=London |isbn=978-0-00-255646-0 |pages=5–6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bt5jZv2DHsC&pg=PA5 |language=en |chapter=1. Descent from Kashmir}}</ref> That the name derived from the village of Naru in the Badgam part of Kashmir, according to [[Shashi Tharoor]] in his 2003 biography of Nehru, ''[[Nehru: The Invention of India]]'', "has never been conclusively established".<ref name=Tharoor2011>{{cite book |last1=Tharoor |first1=Shashi |title=Nehru: The Invention of India |date=2011 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-62872-198-0 |chapter=1. "With little to command me": 1889-1912|pages=4–5 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDuCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 |language=en}}</ref> Tharoor recalls the traditional story, explaining that the many Kaul's that migrated from Kashmir at that time, typically did so as scholars.<ref name=Tharoor2011/> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, Raj}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, Raj}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:18th-century Indian scholars]] | ||
[[Category:17th-century births]] | |||
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]] | [[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:People from Kashmar]] | ||
[[Category:Scholars from Delhi]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:54, 30 December 2025
Raj Kaul-Nehru | |
|---|---|
| Born | Raj Kaul Kashmir |
| Occupation | Scholar |
| Academic background | |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Old Delhi |
| Main interests | Translation |
Raj Kaul, according to the Nehru family tradition, was an Indian Sanskrit and Persian scholar from Kashmir, who had been recruited in 1716 by the then Mughal Emperor, Farrukhsiyar (1683 – 1719), to move to Old Delhi, where he settled near a canal and came to be known with a hyphenated Kaul-Nehru, with Nehru evolving from the word nehar, meaning canal. He was later noted as the earliest known member of the Nehru-Gandhi family. As a result, several Nehru member biographies generally begin with Kaul's story.[1][2][3][4]
Tradition[edit | edit source]
According to Braj Kumar Nehru, records of the Nehru family prior to when they fled Delhi in 1857, were either lost or destroyed.[5] In his autobiography, Braj Kumar is told by Kashmiri history scholar, Mohammad Yousuf Taing, that Farrukhsiyar never went to Kashmir.[5] Though, according to Braj Kumar, he may have heard of Kaul's reputation and therefore called for him.[5] In Taing's opinion, the name Nehru must have been attached to the family before the migration to Delhi, or else the name would have been feminised to "Nehri".[5] Sir Walter Lawrence, author of The Valley of Kashmir and who studied the villages of Kashmir, told Braj Kumar that Nehru may have been "Nahru" from one particular village in the Kashmir Valley.[5] The traditional story of Raj Kaul as a Kasmiri Brahmin pandit, is recited in Katherine Frank's biography of Indira Gandhi titled Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi,, and Walter Crocker's biography of Jawaharlal Nehru titled Nehru: A Contemporary's Estimate (1966),[6] both of which are cited from Jawaharlal Nehru's autobiography titled An Autobiography.[7] That the name derived from the village of Naru in the Badgam part of Kashmir, according to Shashi Tharoor in his 2003 biography of Nehru, Nehru: The Invention of India, "has never been conclusively established".[8] Tharoor recalls the traditional story, explaining that the many Kaul's that migrated from Kashmir at that time, typically did so as scholars.[8]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Prasad, Yogendra; Sharma, Vishnu (2022). History of Modern India & India's Ancient Past (Bharatiya Itihas Prashnottari/ Bharat Ka Itihas/ Vishwa Ka Itihas/ Itihas Ke 50 Viral Sach): History of Modern India & India's ancient Past (in हिन्दी). Prabhat Prakashan. p. 11.
- ↑ Power, Paul F. (1964). "Indian Foreign Policy: The Age of Nehru". The Review of Politics. 26 (2): 257–286. doi:10.1017/S0034670500004770. ISSN 0034-6705. JSTOR 1405752.
- ↑ Nanda, B. R. (2007). "1. Formative years". The Nehrus: Motilal and Jawaharlal. Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-19-908793-8.
- ↑ Bhattacharya, Samir (2013). "4. Time to rub the salt in". Nothing But!: Book Two: the Long Road to Freedom. Partridge Publishing. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-1-4828-1474-3.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Nehru, B. K (2012). "Part 1: the early years (1909-1926)". Nice guys finish second: memoirs. New Delhi: Penguin Books. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-14-341782-8. OCLC 1117765699.
- ↑ Crocker, Walter (2011). "2. Nehru's personal background". Nehru: A Contemporary's Estimate. Random House India. p. 12. ISBN 978-81-8400-213-3.
- ↑ Frank, Katherine (2010). "1. Descent from Kashmir". Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi. London: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-0-00-255646-0.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tharoor, Shashi (2011). "1. "With little to command me": 1889-1912". Nehru: The Invention of India. Simon and Schuster. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-1-62872-198-0.