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{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Short description|Tamil social reformer}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
|name = Moovalur Ramamirtham | | name = Moovalur Ramamirtham | ||
|image = | | image = | ||
|caption = | | caption = | ||
|birth_date = 1883 | | birth_date = 1883 | ||
|birth_place =Thiruvarur, [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/>(now [[Tamil Nadu]], India) | ||
|death_date = 1962 | | death_date = 1962 | ||
|death_place = | | death_place = | ||
|other_names = | | other_names = | ||
|movement = [[Dravidian movement]], [[Tamil Nationalism]] | | movement = [[Dravidian movement]], [[Tamil Nationalism]] | ||
|organisation = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] | | organisation = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] | ||
|awards = | | awards = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Moovalur Ramamirtham''' | '''Moovalur Ramamirtham''' (1883–1962) was a [[Tamil people|Tamil]] social reformer, author, and political activist of the [[Dravidian Movement]], who worked for the abolition of the ''Devadasi'' system in the [[Madras Presidency]]. | ||
== Early life == | |||
Ramamirtham was born in 1883 in [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras Presidency]], and was brought up at [[Moovalur]], a village near [[Mayuram]] (now [[Mayiladuthurai|Mayiladhuthurai]]). | |||
She was | ==Activism== | ||
Originally a supporter of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), she became a member of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|'Periyar' E. V. Ramasamy]]'s [[Self-Respect Movement]] after the latter left the Congress in 1925. | |||
In 1930, she supported [[Muthulakshmi Reddi]]'s failed attempt to abolish the Devadasi system in the Presidency through legislation.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
In 1936, she authored a novel ''Dasigalin Mosavalai alladhu madhi pettra minor'' (lit. ''The'' ''[[Devadasi|Dasis]]' Web of Deceit, or The [[Playboy lifestyle|Playboy]] Grown Wise'') which exposed the plight of the [[Devadasi|Devadasis]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
She took part in the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|Anti-Hindi agitations of 1937-40]] and in November 1938, was jailed for six weeks for participating in the agitations.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | |||
In 1949, she parted ways with Periyar,{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} and became a supporter of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) party started by Periyar's protégé [[C. N. Annadurai]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} She remained a DMK supporter till her death in 1962. | |||
== Legacy == | |||
The public awareness created by her novel and her continuous campaign to abolish the Devadasi system, were instrumental in the passage of the [[Madras Devadasi (Prevention of Dedication) Act]] or the Devadasi Abolition Bill, which outlawed the practice in 1947. | |||
In her memory, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] in 1989 instituted the "Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammal Ninaivu Marriage Assistance Scheme," a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women.<ref>{{cite book |first=Sumathy|last=Ramaswamy|year=1997|title=Passions of the tongue: language devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-20805-6|oclc=36084635|url=http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft5199n9v7&chunk.id=ch5&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch5&brand=eschol|pages=Chapter 5}}</ref><ref name="sarkar">{{cite book|first=Tanika|last=Sarkar|year=2008|title=Women and social reform in modern India: a reader|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn= 978-0-253-22049-3|pages=395–403|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLGBUEs74n4C&pg=PA397}}</ref><ref name="thorner">{{cite book|first=Alice |last=Thorner|first2=Maithreyi|last2=Krishna Raj|year=2000|title=Ideals, images, and real lives: women in literature and history|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn= 978-81-250-0843-9|pages=241–250|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LO-ztHz3XTUC&pg=PA241}}</ref><ref name="anandi">{{cite journal|first = S.|last=Anandhi|title =Representing Devadasis: 'Dasigal Mosavalai' as a Radical Text|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=26|issue=11/12|pages=739–746|date=March 1991|jstor=4397430}}</ref><ref name="businessline">{{cite web|first=Shubashree|last=Desikan|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2008/12/19/stories/2008121950050200.htm|title=Grace under fire|work= [[Business Line]]|date =19 December 2008|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="tngovt">{{cite web|url =http://www.tn.gov.in/schemes/swnmp/social_welfare.pdf|title=Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammayar ninaivu Marriage Assistance Scheme|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="frontline1">{{cite web|first=Parvati|last=Menon|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1816/18160740.htm|title=Of studies on Women|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=4 August 2001|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="frontline2">{{cite web|first=S|last=Viswanathan |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2511/stories/20080606251101400.htm|title=The Pioneers: Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=4 May 2008|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="sithannan">{{cite book|first=V.|last=Sithannan|year=2006|title=Immoral traffic: prostitution in India|publisher=JEYWIN Publications|isbn=978-81-905975-0-0|pages=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHXGypflBLIC&pg=PT53}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|last=PKR|url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2009/11/10/stories/2009111050021301.htm|title=Book Review |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 November 2009|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="chandrika">{{cite journal|first = G.|last=Chandhrika|title =Of Men, Women and Morals: Gender, Politics and Social Reform in Colonial South India|journal=Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific|issue=22|date=October 2009|url=http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue22/ganapathy.htm|access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="translation">{{cite book|first=Muvalar|last= Ramamirthammal|author2=Kalpana Kannabirān|author3=Vasantha Kannabiran|year=2003|title=Muvalur Ramamirthammal's Web of deceit: Devadasi reform in colonial India|publisher=[[Zubaan]]|isbn= 978-81-86706-63-3|pages=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kSUx6Xbq1QC&pg=PA2}}</ref> | |||
== In popular culture == | |||
Ramamirtham is portrayed by [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] in the biopic [[Periyar (2007 film)|''Periyar'']] (2007). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| Line 34: | Line 54: | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:Indian social reformers]] | [[Category:Indian social reformers]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 62: | ||
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]] | [[Category:Indian women's rights activists]] | ||
[[Category:Activists from Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:Activists from Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:15, 16 November 2025
Moovalur Ramamirtham | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1883 |
| Died | 1962 |
| Organisation | DMK |
| Movement | Dravidian movement, Tamil Nationalism |
Moovalur Ramamirtham (1883–1962) was a Tamil social reformer, author, and political activist of the Dravidian Movement, who worked for the abolition of the Devadasi system in the Madras Presidency.
Early life[edit | edit source]
Ramamirtham was born in 1883 in Thiruvarur, Madras Presidency, and was brought up at Moovalur, a village near Mayuram (now Mayiladhuthurai).
Activism[edit | edit source]
Originally a supporter of the Indian National Congress (INC), she became a member of 'Periyar' E. V. Ramasamy's Self-Respect Movement after the latter left the Congress in 1925.
In 1930, she supported Muthulakshmi Reddi's failed attempt to abolish the Devadasi system in the Presidency through legislation.[citation needed]
In 1936, she authored a novel Dasigalin Mosavalai alladhu madhi pettra minor (lit. The Dasis' Web of Deceit, or The Playboy Grown Wise) which exposed the plight of the Devadasis.[citation needed]
She took part in the Anti-Hindi agitations of 1937-40 and in November 1938, was jailed for six weeks for participating in the agitations.[citation needed]
In 1949, she parted ways with Periyar,[citation needed] and became a supporter of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party started by Periyar's protégé C. N. Annadurai.[citation needed] She remained a DMK supporter till her death in 1962.
Legacy[edit | edit source]
The public awareness created by her novel and her continuous campaign to abolish the Devadasi system, were instrumental in the passage of the Madras Devadasi (Prevention of Dedication) Act or the Devadasi Abolition Bill, which outlawed the practice in 1947.
In her memory, the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1989 instituted the "Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammal Ninaivu Marriage Assistance Scheme," a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
In popular culture[edit | edit source]
Ramamirtham is portrayed by Vennira Aadai Nirmala in the biopic Periyar (2007).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997). Passions of the tongue: language devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970. University of Chicago Press. pp. Chapter 5. ISBN 978-0-520-20805-6. OCLC 36084635.
- ↑ Sarkar, Tanika (2008). Women and social reform in modern India: a reader. Indiana University Press. pp. 395–403. ISBN 978-0-253-22049-3.
- ↑ Thorner, Alice; Krishna Raj, Maithreyi (2000). Ideals, images, and real lives: women in literature and history. Orient Blackswan. pp. 241–250. ISBN 978-81-250-0843-9.
- ↑ Anandhi, S. (March 1991). "Representing Devadasis: 'Dasigal Mosavalai' as a Radical Text". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (11/12): 739–746. JSTOR 4397430.
- ↑ Desikan, Shubashree (19 December 2008). "Grace under fire". Business Line. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ "Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammayar ninaivu Marriage Assistance Scheme" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ Menon, Parvati (4 August 2001). "Of studies on Women". Frontline. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ Viswanathan, S (4 May 2008). "The Pioneers: Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy". Frontline. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ Sithannan, V. (2006). Immoral traffic: prostitution in India. JEYWIN Publications. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-905975-0-0.
- ↑ PKR (10 November 2009). "Book Review". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ Chandhrika, G. (October 2009). "Of Men, Women and Morals: Gender, Politics and Social Reform in Colonial South India". Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific (22). Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ↑ Ramamirthammal, Muvalar; Kalpana Kannabirān; Vasantha Kannabiran (2003). Muvalur Ramamirthammal's Web of deceit: Devadasi reform in colonial India. Zubaan. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-86706-63-3.