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{{Short description| | {{Short description|4th Chief Minister of Manipur, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{multiple issues| | {{multiple issues| | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| birth_date = 1923 | | birth_date = 1923 | ||
| birth_place = [[Ukhrul District]], [[Manipur]] | | birth_place = [[Ukhrul District]], [[Manipur]], India | ||
| death_date = 1984 | | death_date = {{death date and age |1984|01|30 |1921 |df=yes}} | ||
| spouse = [[Hangmila Shaiza]] | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Hangmila Shaiza]]|1949}} | ||
| children = | | children = 6 | ||
| residence = Tangrei, Ukhrul District Headquarter, Manipur | | residence = Tangrei, Ukhrul District Headquarter, Manipur | ||
| term_start = July 1974 | | term_start = July 1974 | ||
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| alma_mater = [[Scottish Church College]], [[Calcutta]] | | alma_mater = [[Scottish Church College]], [[Calcutta]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Yangmaso Shaiza''' (1923 | '''Yangmaso Shaiza''' (1923 – 30 January 1984) was an Indian politician and the fourth [[Chief Minister of Manipur]]. He founded the Manipur Hills Union in 1974, and became the first chief minister from hill regions of the state. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
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====First Chief-ministership==== | ====First Chief-ministership==== | ||
In 1974, he founded the Manipur Hills Union (MHU), that gave him the opportunity to become the first Chief Minister (July 1974 – December 1974) from hilly regions of Manipur. His first term as Chief Minister of Manipur was short lived, and this was conditioned by the chaos that was emanating under Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and her Indian National Congress. | In 1974, he founded the [[Manipur Hills Union]] (MHU), that gave him the opportunity to become the first Chief Minister (July 1974 – December 1974) from hilly regions of Manipur. His first term as Chief Minister of Manipur was short lived, and this was conditioned by the chaos that was emanating under Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and her Indian National Congress. | ||
When India was put under the State of Emergency for 21-month period from 1975–7 under Article 352 (1) of Indian Constitution, Yangmaso strongly opposed to the situation created by the emergency in Manipur State. Some of the acts committed under the emergency that affected people living in Manipur include the forced mass-sterilisation campaign spearheaded by [[Sanjay Gandhi]], the destruction of low-income housing at many places of Imphal town, and detention of people by the police without charges or notification to the families. For opposing the emergency activities of the INC (R), Yangmaso was put behind bars under the [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA), passed by the Indian Parliament in 1971.{{cn|date=November 2021}} | When India was put under the State of Emergency for 21-month period from 1975–7 under Article 352 (1) of Indian Constitution, Yangmaso strongly opposed to the situation created by the emergency in Manipur State. Some of the acts committed under the emergency that affected people living in Manipur include the forced mass-sterilisation campaign spearheaded by [[Sanjay Gandhi]], the destruction of low-income housing at many places of Imphal town, and detention of people by the police without charges or notification to the families. For opposing the emergency activities of the INC (R), Yangmaso was put behind bars under the [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA), passed by the Indian Parliament in 1971.{{cn|date=November 2021}} | ||
====Second Chief-ministership==== | ====Second Chief-ministership==== | ||
Although he was elected as Indian [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] (MP) through [[Indian National Congress]] in 1977, [[The Emergency (India)|The State of Emergency]] ( | Although he was elected as Indian [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] (MP) through [[Indian National Congress]] in 1977, [[The Emergency (India)|The State of Emergency]] (1975–77) declared by the Indian President [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] under Article 352 (1) of [[Indian Constitution]], made him to support the then emerging [[Janata Party]] (1977). By giving up his Congress MP seat, Yangmaso joined the Janata Party formed under [[Morarji Desai]]. Within the same year, he returned as the Chief Minister of Manipur (29 June 1977 – 14 November 1979) under the Janata Party. | ||
Yangmaso himself declared in 1977 that he was against the [[Fascist (insult)|Fascist]] handling style of the country by the Indian National Congress, and even more, under the rule of one individual to the benefit of the family. He strongly supported the rise of [[Janata Party]], and in his own words, "the installation of the Janata Party in power is an outcome of a rightful revolt of the people in a democratic manner through the ballots against the previous Congress Party’s rule which was ruling under a virtual dictatorship".{{cn|date=November 2021}}<ref>This quotation is derived from Yangmasho's 'Original Copy of Appeal' that he made to the people of India to vote for Janata Party in 1977.</ref> Thus, while being elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) from Congress Party in 1977, he gave up the seat owing to his opposition to the party’s emergency activities. He reportedly summoned Indira Gandhi at Imphal Court to explain various crimes committed during the time of emergency. Appealing to the people of India and Manipur, Yangmaso declared in 1977 as, "You are the judges, the jury and you are the best judge to decide for your future. Your liberty, your freedom, your rights in your development is safe with the Janata Party as you have seen it already in comparison with the emergency period".{{cn|date=November 2021}}<ref>Same source as 2 citation</ref> | Yangmaso himself declared in 1977 that he was against the [[Fascist (insult)|Fascist]] handling style of the country by the Indian National Congress, and even more, under the rule of one individual to the benefit of the family. He strongly supported the rise of [[Janata Party]], and in his own words, "the installation of the Janata Party in power is an outcome of a rightful revolt of the people in a democratic manner through the ballots against the previous Congress Party’s rule which was ruling under a virtual dictatorship".{{cn|date=November 2021}}<ref>This quotation is derived from Yangmasho's 'Original Copy of Appeal' that he made to the people of India to vote for Janata Party in 1977.</ref> Thus, while being elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) from Congress Party in 1977, he gave up the seat owing to his opposition to the party’s emergency activities. He reportedly summoned Indira Gandhi at Imphal Court to explain various crimes committed during the time of emergency. Appealing to the people of India and Manipur, Yangmaso declared in 1977 as, "You are the judges, the jury and you are the best judge to decide for your future. Your liberty, your freedom, your rights in your development is safe with the Janata Party as you have seen it already in comparison with the emergency period".{{cn|date=November 2021}}<ref>Same source as 2 citation</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
On 30 January 1984, Yangmaso was murdered by two assassins of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) at Nagaram, Imphal.<ref>{{Cite | On 30 January 1984, Yangmaso was murdered by two assassins of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) at Nagaram, Imphal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 February 1984 |title=Tripura National Volunteers insurgents ambush strong BSF patrol, leave 5 dead |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19840229-tripura-national-volunteers-insurgents-ambush-strong-bsf-patrol-leave-5-dead-802826-1984-02-29 |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=India Today|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
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As a far-sighted leader, Yangmaso and his policies has been considered as being highly visionary and cosmopolitan in nature. In a recent one-day seminar on "Yangmaso Shaiza and His Manipur"<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/seminar-on-yangmasho/|title = Seminar on Yangmasho}}</ref> held on 9 March 2014 by the [[United All Communities Social Uplifters]] (UNACSU), Manipur, his legacy was summed up by Soso Shaiza as: | As a far-sighted leader, Yangmaso and his policies has been considered as being highly visionary and cosmopolitan in nature. In a recent one-day seminar on "Yangmaso Shaiza and His Manipur"<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/seminar-on-yangmasho/|title = Seminar on Yangmasho}}</ref> held on 9 March 2014 by the [[United All Communities Social Uplifters]] (UNACSU), Manipur, his legacy was summed up by Soso Shaiza as: | ||
"As Chief Minister, he was convinced that the only way to maintain peace and harmony in the state was to reach out benefits to the remotest parts of the state and to bring development to both the hills and valleys, and to all tribes and communities. His vision was the accommodation and acceptance of all tribes and communities in Manipur. His dream was a rainbow concept of recognition and acceptance of the unique culture and character of all tribes and communities. For him, all human beings are brothers and sisters, since we are all children of God. His vision and ideals will be realised when all tribes and communities living in Manipur make his unity-rainbow concept a reality".<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/seminar-on-yangmasho/|title = Seminar on Yangmasho}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.The_Soul_Of_Manipur_And_Yangmasho_Shaiza_By_Dr_Homen_Thangjam| | "As Chief Minister, he was convinced that the only way to maintain peace and harmony in the state was to reach out benefits to the remotest parts of the state and to bring development to both the hills and valleys, and to all tribes and communities. His vision was the accommodation and acceptance of all tribes and communities in Manipur. His dream was a rainbow concept of recognition and acceptance of the unique culture and character of all tribes and communities. For him, all human beings are brothers and sisters, since we are all children of God. His vision and ideals will be realised when all tribes and communities living in Manipur make his unity-rainbow concept a reality".<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/seminar-on-yangmasho/|title = Seminar on Yangmasho}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The Soul Of Manipur And Yangmasho Shaiza |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.The_Soul_Of_Manipur_And_Yangmasho_Shaiza_By_Dr_Homen_Thangjam |work=e-pao.net |access-date=14 April 2022 |quote=Further conversation with Masophi Shaiza and Acrticle released during the Seminar }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||