6
edits
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
->SdkbBot m (→top: Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2)) |
(robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, and politician}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} | ||
| Line 4: | Line 5: | ||
| name = Durgabai Deshmukh | | name = Durgabai Deshmukh | ||
| image =Durgabai Deshmukh 1982 stamp of India.jpg | | image =Durgabai Deshmukh 1982 stamp of India.jpg | ||
| caption = Deshmukkh on a 1982 Indian stamp | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|07|15}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|07|15}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Andhra Pradesh]], | | birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Andhra Pradesh]], India) | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1981|05|09|1909|07|15}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1981|05|09|1909|07|15}} | ||
| death_place = [[Narasannapeta | | death_place = [[Narasannapeta, Andhra Pradesh]], India | ||
| alma_mater =[[Madras University]] | | alma_mater =[[Madras University]] | ||
| spouse = {{marriage| [[C.D. Deshmukh]]|1953}} | | spouse = {{marriage| [[C.D. Deshmukh]]|1953}} | ||
| Line 14: | Line 16: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Durgābāi Deshmukh, Lady Deshmukh''' ( | '''Durgābāi Deshmukh, Lady Deshmukh''' (15 July 1909 – 9 May 1981) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker and politician. She was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and of the [[Planning Commission of India]]. | ||
A public activist for women's emancipation, she founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women's Conference) in 1937. She was also the founder chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board. In 1953, she married [[C.D. Deshmukh]], the first Indian governor of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] and [[Finance Minister]] in India's Central Cabinet | A public activist for women's emancipation, she founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women's Conference) in 1937. She was also the founder chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board. In 1953, she married [[C.D. Deshmukh]], the first Indian governor of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] and [[Finance Minister]] in India's Central Cabinet from 1950 to 1956. | ||
== Career == | == Career == | ||
| Line 30: | Line 32: | ||
Durgabai was the president of the Blind Relief Association. In that capacity, she set up a school-hostel and a light engineering workshop for the blind. | Durgabai was the president of the Blind Relief Association. In that capacity, she set up a school-hostel and a light engineering workshop for the blind. | ||
Durgabai was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. She was the only woman in the panel of | Durgabai was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. She was the only woman in the panel of chairmen in the Constituent Assembly.<ref name=":0" /> She was instrumental in the enactment of many social welfare laws. | ||
She failed to get elected to Parliament in 1952, and was later nominated to be a member of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]].<ref name=":0" /> In that role, she mustered support for a national policy on social welfare. The policy resulted in the establishment of a Central Social Welfare Board in 1953. As the Board's first chairperson, she mobilized a large number of voluntary organizations to carry out its programs, which were aimed at education, training, and rehabilitation of needy women, children, and the handicapped. | She failed to get elected to Parliament in 1952, and was later nominated to be a member of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]].<ref name=":0" /> In that role, she mustered support for a national policy on social welfare. The policy resulted in the establishment of a Central Social Welfare Board in 1953. As the Board's first chairperson, she mobilized a large number of voluntary organizations to carry out its programs, which were aimed at education, training, and rehabilitation of needy women, children, and the handicapped. | ||
| Line 53: | Line 55: | ||
In 1963, she was sent to Washington D.C. as a member of the Indian delegation to the World Food Congress.<ref name=":0" /> | In 1963, she was sent to Washington D.C. as a member of the Indian delegation to the World Food Congress.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Contribution in Constituent Assembly | == Contribution in Constituent Assembly == | ||
She was then elected to the Constituent Assembly from the Madras Province. She was the only woman in the panel of | She was then elected to the Constituent Assembly from the Madras Province. She was the only woman in the panel of chairmen in the Constituent Assembly. She proposed Hindustani (Hindi+Urdu) as the national language of India but also expressed fear about the forceful campaign for Hindi in South India.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constitution_assembly_debates/volume/9/1949-09-14|title=Constituent Assembly of India Debates (Proceedings) - Volume IX|website=CADIndia {{!}} CLPR|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref> She proposed a period of fifteen years of status quo to enable all the non-Hindi speakers to adopt and learn Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members|title=Constituent Assembly Members|website=cadindia.clpr.org.in|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> | ||
== Personal life == | == Personal life == | ||
Durgabai Deshmukh was born in Rajahmundry,<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Deshmukh |first=Durgabai |date=1980 |title=Chintaman and I |publisher=Allied |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172432/page/n13 1] |quote=I was born on 15 July 1909 in Rajahmundry in the coastal district of East Godavari in Andhra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172432}}</ref> [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[British India]], in the Gummidithala family belonging to [[Brahmin]] community;<ref name=":1" /> Durgabai was married at the age of 8<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjilIrVt9hUC|title=Women in Modern India|last=Forbes|first=Geraldine|last2=Forbes|first2=Geraldine Hancock|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521653770}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NZmyUpHdPWYC&pg=PA400 Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation]</ref> to her cousin, Subba Rao. She refused to live with him after her maturation, and her father and brother supported her decision.<ref name=":3" /> She later left him to pursue her education.<ref>{{Cite book | author = Raman, Sita Anantha | title = Women in India: A Social and Cultural History | volume = | Durgabai Deshmukh was born in Rajahmundry,<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Deshmukh |first=Durgabai |date=1980 |title=Chintaman and I |publisher=Allied |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172432/page/n13 1] |quote=I was born on 15 July 1909 in Rajahmundry in the coastal district of East Godavari in Andhra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172432}}</ref> [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[British India]], in the Gummidithala family belonging to [[Brahmin]] community;<ref name=":1" /> Durgabai was married at the age of 8<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjilIrVt9hUC|title=Women in Modern India|last=Forbes|first=Geraldine|last2=Forbes|first2=Geraldine Hancock|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521653770}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NZmyUpHdPWYC&pg=PA400 Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation]</ref> to her cousin, Subba Rao. She refused to live with him after her maturation, and her father and brother supported her decision.<ref name=":3" /> She later left him to pursue her education.<ref>{{Cite book | author = Raman, Sita Anantha | title = Women in India: A Social and Cultural History | volume = 1 | pages = 165–166 | publisher = Praeger| year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-313-37710-5 }}</ref> | ||
In 1953, she married the then Finance Minister of India [[Chintaman Deshmukh]]. According to her own account, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the three witnesses.<ref name="auto"/> C. D. Deshmukh had a daughter from a previous marriage but the couple remained otherwise childless. Though she had parted ways with Subba Rao, she supported his widow Timmaiamma after his death. Timmaiamma lived with Durgabai and Chintaman Deshmukh, and Durgabai also organised for her to get vocational training.<ref name=":0" /> | In 1953, she married the then Finance Minister of India [[Chintaman Deshmukh]]. According to her own account, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the three witnesses.<ref name="auto"/> C. D. Deshmukh had a daughter from a previous marriage but the couple remained otherwise childless. Though she had parted ways with Subba Rao, she supported his widow Timmaiamma after his death. Timmaiamma lived with Durgabai and Chintaman Deshmukh, and Durgabai also organised for her to get vocational training.<ref name=":0" /> | ||