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'''Twipra Kingdom''' was the ancient kingdom of the [[Tripuri people]] of the Bodo-Kachari ethnicity. It is now the state of [[Tripura]] in the [[North-east India|northeastern region]] of [[India]]. It had a chronicle of 186 kings till the present king ([[Maharaja]] Pradyot Kishore Manikya, better known as Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman).{{cn|date=April 2012}}
{{Short description|State of British India}}
{{About|the princely state up to the year 1949|the state of India|Tripura}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = 
|conventional_long_name =Tripura State (Hill Tipperah)
|common_name = Tripura
|nation      = [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era        =
|year_start  = 1809
|date_start  =
|event_start = [[British protectorate]]
|year_end    =
|date_end    = 15 October 1949
|event_end  = [[Tripura Merger Agreement|Merger Agreement]]
|event1      = [[Instrument of Accession|Accession to India]]
|date_event1 = 13 August 1947
|p1          = Twipra Kingdom
|s1          = India
|flag_p1    =
|flag_s1    = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag  = Unofficial flag of Tripura.png
|image_coat  = Coat of Arms of Tripura Princely State.gif
|image_map  = Bengalpresidency 1858.jpg
|image_map_caption = 1858 map of the [[Bengal Presidency]] and 'Independent Tipperah' in the far right
|capital    = [[Agartala]]
|stat_area1  = 10660
|stat_year1  = 1941
|stat_pop1  = 513,000
|footnotes  =
}}
[[File:Bengal gazetteer 1907-9.jpg|thumb|280px|'Hill Tipperah' in the [[Bengal Gazetteer]], 1907]]
[[File:Ujjayanta Palace as seen from the Rajbari Lakes.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Ujjayanta Palace]].]]
[[File:Neermahal192.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Neermahal]] Palace.]]
[[File:Maharaja Birchandra with Maharani Manamohini.jpg|thumb|Maharaja [[Bir Chandra Manikya]] with Queen Manamohini]]
[[File:Tagore and Raja Radha Kishore Manikya.jpg|thumb|[[Tagore]] with [[Radha Kishore Manikya|Maharaja Radha Kishore]] in 1900]]
[[File:Maharani kanchan prabhadevi.jpg|thumb|Queen [[Kanchan Prava Devi|Kanchan Prabha Devi]] who signed the [[instrument of accession]] as president of the Council of Regency]]
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}
'''Tripura State''', also known as '''Hill Tipperah''',<ref>http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaTripura.htm</ref> was a [[princely state]] in India during the period of the [[British Raj]] and for some two years after the departure of the British. Its rulers belonged to the [[Manikya dynasty]] and until August 1947 the state was in a [[subsidiary alliance]], from which it was released by the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]]. The state [[Instrument of Accession|acceded]] to the newly independent [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 13 August 1947, and subsequently [[Tripura Merger Agreement|merged]] into the Indian Union in October 1949.<ref name=Nag/>


The princely state was located in the present-day Indian state of [[Tripura]]. The state included one town, [[Agartala]], as well as a total of 1,463 villages. It had an area of 10,660&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and a population of 513,000 inhabitants in 1941.


{{hist-stub}}
==History==
{{See also|Twipra Kingdom}}
The predecessor state of Tripura was founded about 100 AD. According to legend the Manikya dynasty derived its name from a [[Gemstone|jewel]] ('Mani' in [[Sanskrit]]) that had been obtained from a frog. The first king who ruled the state under the royal title of Manikya was Maharaja [[Maha Manikya]], who ascended the throne in 1400. The ''[[Rajmala]]'', a [[chronicle]] of the [[Kings of Tripura]], was written in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] verse in the 15th century under [[Dharma Manikya I]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_124.gif Hill Tippera – History] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1909, v. 13, p. 118.</ref> The kingdom of Tripura reached its maximum expansion in the 16th century.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}


[[Category:History of India]]
In 1764, when the [[British East India Company]] took control of Bengal, the parts of Bengal that had been under the [[Mughal Empire]] were taken over by the British administration. In 1809 Tripura became a [[British protectorate]] and in 1838 the Rajas of Tripura were recognised by the British as sovereigns.
[[Category:Tripura]]
Between 1826 and 1862 the eastern part was subject to the ravages caused by [[Kuki people|Kuki]] invaders that plundered and destroyed villages and massacred their inhabitants.
[[Category:Indian princely states]]
 
There were troubles in every succession among the Tripura royal family members when the aspiring princes often resorted to use the services of the Kukis to cause disturbances. Thus in 1904 the British enacted a [[sanad (deed)|''sanad'']] that regulated permanently the succession of the royal family. Thenceforward the succession would have to be recognised by the [[Governor General of India|Viceroy of India]] representing the British Crown.
 
[[Bir Chandra Manikya]] (1862–1896) modelled his administration on the pattern of British India, and enacted reforms including the foundation of the [[Agartala Municipal Corporation]].
In 1905 Tripura became part of the new province of [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]] and was designated as 'Hill Tippera'.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Hill Tippera |volume=13 |page=469}}</ref> In addition to the Hill Tippera area, which corresponds to Tripura State, the kings retained a fertile estate known as Chakla Roshnabad with an area of 1476&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, located in the flatland of [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]], [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]] and [[Tipperah District|Tipperah]] districts; the latter is now mostly included in the [[Comilla District]] of [[Bangladesh]].
 
King [[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma]] died in May 1947, shortly before the Indian Independence. His son Kirit Bikram Kishore was a minor at that time, and, so, the Maharani [[Kanchan Prava Devi]] presided over the [[Council of Regency]] formed to govern the state. On 13 August 1947, the Maharani signed the [[Instrument of Accession]], joining the Indian Union. There was turmoil in the state in the succeeding months and several changes in the administrative structure took place in quick succession. Finally, on 9 September 1949, the Maharani signed the [[Tripura Merger Agreement|Merger Agreement]] with Indian Union, which became effective on 15 October, and Tripura became a Centrally administered [[Part C State]] ([[Chief Commissioner's Province]]) of India.<ref name=Nag>{{citation |last=Nag |first=Sajal |title=Making of the Indian Union: Merger of princely states and excluded areas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3UMAQAAMAAJ |year=2007 |publisher=Akansha Pub. House |isbn=978-81-8370-110-5 |p=321}}</ref><ref name=Das>{{citation |last=Das |first=J. K. |title=Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCknz_lXYCEC&pg=PA224 |year=2001 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-243-1 |pp=224–225}}</ref>
 
[[Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman]] (b. 1978) is the son of the last king.
 
==Rulers==
The head of the royal family of Tripura held the title of '[[Maharaja]]' from 1919 onwards. Since 1897 the rulers were entitled to a 13 [[gun salute]] by the British authorities.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 
===Rajas===
{{See also|Kings of Tripura}}
*1684 – 1712 [[Ratna Manikya II]] (2nd time) (d. 1712)
*1712 – 1714 [[Mahendra Manikya]]
*1714 – 1732 [[Dharma Manikya II]] (1st time)     
*1732 – 1733 [[Jagat Manikya]]
*1733 Dharma Manikya II (2nd time) 
*1733 – 1737 [[Mukunda Manikya]] (d. 1739)
*1737 – 1739 Jai Manikya II (1st time)
*1739 – 174.                Indrasya Manikya II (1st time)
*17.. – 174.                Udai Manikya
*174. – 174.                Jai Manikya II (2nd time)
*174. – 174.                Indrasya Manikya II (2nd time)
*174. – 1743 Jai Manikya II (3rd time)
*1743 – 1760 Bijaya Manikya III
*c. 1748 – c. 1758 [[Shamsher Gazi]] -Regent (d. c. 1758)
*1760 [[Lakshman Manikya]] (d. 1760)
*1760 – 1761 Krishna Manikya (1st time) (d. 1783)
*1761 – 1767 Balaram Manikya
*1767 – 11 July 1783 Krishna Manikya (2nd time) (s.a.)
*11 July 1783 – Mar 1804 Rajadhara Manikya II (d. 1804)
*11 July 1783 – 1786 Jahnavi Rani (RM)Mahadevayu (f) -Regent
*Mar 1804 – 18 October 1809 Ramaganga Manikya (1st time) (b. 17.. – d. 1826)
*18 October 1809 –  6 April 1813 Durga Manikya (b. 17.. – d. 1813)
* 6 April 1813 – 14 November 1826 Ramaganga Manikya (2nd time) (s.a.)
*14 November 1826 – 19 March 1830 Kashichandra Manikya (d. 1830)
*19 March 1830 –  3 April 1849 Krishna Kishor Manikya (d. 1849)
* 3 April 1849 – 31 July 1862 [[Ishan Chandra Manikya|Ishanachandra Manikya]] (b. 1829 – d. 1862)
*31 July 1862 – 11 December 1896 [[Bir Chandra Manikya|Virachandra Manikya]] (b. 1838 – d. 1896) (personal style Maharaja from 24 October 1877)
*31 July 1862 –  9 March 1870  .... -Regent
*11 December 1896 – 12 March 1909 [[Radha Kishore Manikya|Radha Kishor Manikya]] (b. 1857 – d. 1909)
*12 March 1909 –  1 January 1919 Virendra Kishor Manikya (b. 1883 – d. 1923)
 
===Maharajas===
*1 January 1919 – 13 August 1923 [[Birendra Kishore Manikya|Virendra Kishor Manikya]]
*17 August 1923 – 17 May 1947 [[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma|Vira Vikrama Kishor Manikya]] (born 1908, died 1947) (after 3 June 1935 called Sir Vira Vikrama Kishor Manikya)
*17 May 1947 – 15 October 1949 [[Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman|Manikya Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Burman]], a minor (born 1933 – died 2006)
*17 May 1947 – 15 October 1949 [[Kanchan Prava Devi|Maharani Kanchan Prabhavati Mahadevi]], Regent (born 1914, died 1973)
 
===Dewans (chief ministers)===
*1850 – 1857?              Balaram Hazari
*18.. – 18..                Braja Mohan Thakur
*18.. – 1873 Dinabandhu Thakur
*Jul 1873 – 1877 Nilmoni Das
*1877 – 1880 Sambhu Chandra Mukherjee 
*1880 – 1883                ....     
*1883 Prince Radakishore
*1883 – 1886 Dhanajaya Thakur
*1886 (3 months) Babu Dinanath Sen
*1886 – November 1888 Rai Bahadur Mohini Mohan Bardhan
*November 1888 – 1890?          the Raja
*1890 – 1892 Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (1st time)
*1892 – 1901?              Dinabandhu Thakur
*1901 – 1905 Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (2nd time)
*November 1905 – February 1907 Shri Ramani Mohan Chattopadhyaya
*February 1907 – December 1908 Rai Umakanta Das Bahadur (3rd time)
*December 1908 –  7 November 1909 Sirjukta Babu Annada Charan Gupta
*November 1909 – 1914 Nabadwip Chandra Deb Barma (b. 1854 – d. 1931)
*1914 – 1915 Brajendra Kishore Deb Barma (b. 1880 – d. 19..) (1st time)
*1915 – 1923 Srijut Babu Prasanna Kumar Deb Barma
* 9 December 1923 – 19 August 1927 Nabadwipchandra Dev Burma (s.a.) (1st time)
*1927 – 1929 Jyotis Chandra Sen (1st time)
*17 May 1929 – 1931?        Nabadwipchandra Dev Burma (s.a.) (2nd time)
*1931 – 28 August 1932 B.K. Sen
*28 August 1932 – 20 November 1932 Manyabara Rana Bodhjung Bahadur (b. 1894 – d. 1946)
*20 Nov 1932 – 1939/40 Jyotis Chandra Sen (2nd time)
*1939/40 – 18 November 1946 Manyabara Rana Bodhjung Bahadur
*November 1946 – 1947 Brajendra Kishore Deb Barma (s.a.) (2nd time)
*1947 S.V. Mukherjee
*20 December 1947 – 15 October 1949 Abani Bushan Chatterjee
 
====British political agents====
* 3 July 1871 – February 1874 Ambrose William Bushe Power (b. 18.. – d. 1907)
*11 February 1874 – May 1875 Edward Gordon Lillingston
*27 May 1875 – February 1876 W.L. Samuels
*22 August 1876 – April 1877 Thomas Edward Coxhead (b. 1842 – d. 1890)
*February 1877 – April 1877 James Francis Bradbury (acting for Coxhead)
*26 April 1877 – 28 October 1878 C.W. Bolton
*1878 – 1879 F. Jones
*1879 – 1882 G. Toynbee
 
== Symbols ==
 
=== Flag ===
The flag features the coat of arms, on a background of saffron and red.
 
=== Coat of Arms ===
The motto is "Bir ta Saramekam" (Courage is the one thing most needed or nothing is better than a warrior).
 
==See also==
*[[Eastern States Agency]]
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Tripura Merger Agreement]]
*[[Tripura Buranji]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.563819160331235.1073741828.391531104226709&type=3 Kings & Royal Families of Tripura]
*[http://www.thecho.in/files/Memchatan-Singha.pdf Manipuri Queens in the Royal House of Tripura – A Historical Study]
*[http://www.indigenousherald.com/index.php/youths/149-tripura-ruling-dynasty Tripura ruling dynasty]
 
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Eastern States Agency}}
{{Tripura}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|23|50|N|91|17|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
 
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:History of Tripura]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:1809 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
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