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{{Short description|Title used in military system in the Indian subcontinent}} | |||
'''Jemadar''' or '''jamadar''' is a title used for various military and other officials in the Indian subcontinent. | '''Jemadar''' or '''jamadar''' is a title used for various military and other officials in the Indian subcontinent. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
The word stems from [[Urdu]] ({{lang|ur|جمعدار}}), which derives through [[Persian language|Persian]] ''jam'dar'' from [[Arabic]] ''jamā‘a(t)'' 'muster' + [[Persian]] ''-dār'' 'holder'. | The word stems from [[Urdu]] ({{lang|ur|جمعدار}}), which derives through [[Persian language|Persian]] ''jam'dar'' from [[Arabic]] ''jamā‘a(t)'' 'muster' + [[Persian language|Persian]] ''-dār'' 'holder'. | ||
== Pre-colonial == | == Pre-colonial == | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
== Post-colonial == | == Post-colonial == | ||
The rank remained in use in the [[Indian Army]] until 1965 as the lowest rank of [[junior commissioned officer]]. | The rank remained in use in the [[Indian Army]] until 1965 as the lowest rank of [[junior commissioned officer]]. The rank of jemadar was later renamed in both the Indian Army and the [[Pakistan Army]] as [[naib subedar]] in infantry units, and [[naib risaldar]] in cavalry and armoured corps units. Jemadar remains a warrant officer rank in the [[Nepal Army]]. | ||
The rank of jemadar was later renamed in both the Indian Army and the [[Pakistan Army]] as [[naib subedar]] in infantry units, and [[naib risaldar]] in cavalry and armoured corps units. | |||
== Other uses == | == Other uses == | ||
* Jemadar was also used in other contexts to denote Indian 'captains', like the leaders of [[thuggee]] bands who strangled travellers.<ref name="mikedash">[[Mike Dash]], ''Thug: the true story of India's murderous cult'', {{ISBN|1-86207-604-9}}, 2005</ref> | * Jemadar was also used in other contexts to denote Indian 'captains', like the leaders of [[thuggee]] bands who strangled travellers.<ref name="mikedash">[[Mike Dash]], ''Thug: the true story of India's murderous cult'', {{ISBN|1-86207-604-9}}, 2005</ref> | ||
* Jemadar was used as a rank title for an Indian [[inspector]] in the [[Shanghai Municipal Police]] | * Jemadar was used as a rank title for an Indian [[inspector]] in the [[Shanghai Municipal Police]] | ||
* The name inspired that of the ''[[Star Trek]]'' enslaved warrior race known as the "[[ | * The name inspired that of the ''[[Star Trek]]'' enslaved warrior race known as the "[[List_of_Star_Trek_races#Jem'Hadar|Jem'Hadar]]" | ||
* In the future of [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]' novel ''[[The Moon Men]]'', "Jemadar" was a title of a ruler, implied to have been brought to Earth by the Lunar invaders. | * In the future of [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]' novel ''[[The Moon Men]]'', "Jemadar" was a title of a ruler, implied to have been brought to Earth by the Lunar invaders. | ||
== See also == | |||
* Koli rebellions | |||
* [[List of Koli people]] | |||
* [[List of Koli states and clans]] | |||
* [[Hatem Ali Jamadar]] (1872–1982), Bengali politician | |||
== | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Military of the Mughal Empire]] | |||
[[Category:Military ranks of Pakistan]] | [[Category:Military ranks of Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Military ranks of British India]] | [[Category:Military ranks of British India]] | ||
Revision as of 18:33, 8 November 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2022) |
Jemadar or jamadar is a title used for various military and other officials in the Indian subcontinent.
Etymology
The word stems from Urdu (جمعدار), which derives through Persian jam'dar from Arabic jamā‘a(t) 'muster' + Persian -dār 'holder'.
Pre-colonial
A jemadar was originally an armed official of a zamindar (feudal lord) in India who, like a military general, and along with Mridhas, was in charge of fighting and conducting warfare, mostly against the rebellious peasants and common people who lived on the lord's land.[1] Also, this rank was used among the thuggees as well, usually the gang leader.
Later, it became a rank used in the British Indian Army, where it was the lowest rank for a Viceroy's commissioned officer. Jemadars either commanded platoons or troops themselves or assisted their British commander. They also filled regimental positions such as assistant quartermaster (jemadar quartermaster) or assistant adjutant (jemadar adjutant).
Post-colonial
The rank remained in use in the Indian Army until 1965 as the lowest rank of junior commissioned officer. The rank of jemadar was later renamed in both the Indian Army and the Pakistan Army as naib subedar in infantry units, and naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured corps units. Jemadar remains a warrant officer rank in the Nepal Army.
Other uses
- Jemadar was also used in other contexts to denote Indian 'captains', like the leaders of thuggee bands who strangled travellers.[2]
- Jemadar was used as a rank title for an Indian inspector in the Shanghai Municipal Police
- The name inspired that of the Star Trek enslaved warrior race known as the "Jem'Hadar"
- In the future of Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel The Moon Men, "Jemadar" was a title of a ruler, implied to have been brought to Earth by the Lunar invaders.
See also
- Koli rebellions
- List of Koli people
- List of Koli states and clans
- Hatem Ali Jamadar (1872–1982), Bengali politician
References
- ↑ Chatterjee, Partha. A Princely Impostor?. Permanent Black. ISBN 978-8178240848.
- ↑ Mike Dash, Thug: the true story of India's murderous cult, ISBN 1-86207-604-9, 2005
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