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{{ | {{Short description|Chief of the Pashtun Lodi tribe}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}} | {{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name = Bahlul Lodi | | name = Bahlul Khan Lodi | ||
| succession = 29th [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]] | | succession = 29th [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]] | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| image = Coin of Bahlul Lodi.jpg | | image = Coin of Bahlul Lodi.jpg | ||
| caption = Billon Tanka of 80 ratti of Bahlul Lodi | | caption = Billon Tanka of 80 ratti of Bahlul Lodi | ||
| reign = 19 April | | reign = 19 April 1451 – 12 July 1489 | ||
| coronation = 19 April 1451 | | coronation = 19 April 1451 | ||
| predecessor = [[Alam Shah]] | | predecessor = [[Alam Shah]] also known as [[Alam Khan Lodi]] | ||
| successor = [[Sikandar Lodi]] | | successor = [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikandar Khan Lodi]] | ||
| spouse = Shams Khatun<br />Bibi Ambha | | spouse = Shams Khatun<br />Bibi Ambha | ||
| issue = [[ | | issue = [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikandar Khan Lodi]]<br />Barbak Shah<br/>[[Taj Murassa]] | ||
Alam Khan | |||
| full name = Bahlul Khan Lodi | |||
| royal house = [[Lodi dynasty]] | | royal house = [[Lodi dynasty]] | ||
| royal anthem = | | royal anthem = | ||
| father = | | father = | ||
| mother = | | mother = | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = 1401 | ||
| death_date = 12 July 1489 | | death_date = 12 July 1489 (aged 88) | ||
| place of burial = [[Tomb of Bahlul Lodi]] | | place of burial = [[Tomb of Bahlul Khan Lodi]] | ||
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bahlul Lodi''' (1401 | '''Bahlul Khan Lodi''' (1401 – 12 July 1489) was the chief of the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] [[Lodi (Pashtun tribe)|Lodi]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book |first=Clifford Edmund |last=Bosworth |title=The New Islamic Dynasties |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0231107143 |page=304}}</ref> Founder of the [[Lodi dynasty]] from the [[Delhi Sultanate]]<ref>{{cite book |first1=Catherine B. |last1=Asher |first2=Cynthia |last2=Talbot |title=India Before Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780521005395 |page=116}}</ref> upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous [[Sayyid]] rule.<ref>{{cite book |title=History & Civics 9 |first=Sudeshna |last=Sengupta |isbn=9788183323642 |page=126 |year=2008 |publisher=Ratna Sagar (P) Limited}}</ref> Bahlul became [[sultan]] of the dynasty on 19 April 1451<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=122–125}}</ref> (855 [[Hijri year|AH]]). | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Bahlul's grandfather, Malik Bahram Khan | Bahlul's grandfather, Malik Bahram Khan Lodi, a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribal chief of [[Lodi (Pashtun tribe)|Lodi tribe]]. He later took service under the governor of Multan, [[Malik Mardan Daulat]] . Bahram had a total of about five sons. His eldest son, Malik Sultan Shah Lodi, later served under the [[Sayyid dynasty]] ruler [[Khizr Khan]] and distinguished himself by killing in the battle later's worst enemy Mallu Iqbal Khan. He was rewarded with the title of Islam Khan and in 1419 appointed the governor of [[Sirhind]]. Bahlul, the son of Malik Kala Khan Lodi, the younger brother of Malik Sultan was married to Malik Sultan's daughter.<ref name="Majumdar">Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.134–36, 139–142</ref><ref name=Mahajan>Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). ''History of Medieval India'', New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, pp.245–51</ref> | ||
In his youth, Bahlul was involved in the trading of horses and once sold his finely bred horses to the Sayyid dynasty Sultan Mohammad Shah. As a payment he was granted a ''pargana'' and raised to the status of ''amir''. After the death of Malik Sultan, he became the governor of Sirhind. He was allowed to add Lahore to his charge. Once, Sultan Muhammad Shah asked for his help when the Malwa Sultan Mahmud Shah I invaded his territory. Bahlul joined the imperial army with 20,000 mounted soldiers. By his cleverness, he was able to project himself as a victor over the army of the Malwa Sultan and Sultan Muhammad Shah conferred on him the title of ''Khan-i-Khanan''. He also accepted Bahlul's occupation over a large part of Punjab.<ref name="Majumdar"/><ref name=Mahajan/> | In his youth, Bahlul was involved in the trading of horses and once sold his finely bred horses to the Sayyid dynasty Sultan Mohammad Shah. As a payment he was granted a ''pargana'' and raised to the status of ''amir''. After the death of Malik Sultan, he became the governor of Sirhind. He was allowed to add Lahore to his charge. Once, Sultan Muhammad Shah asked for his help when the Malwa Sultan Mahmud Shah I invaded his territory. Bahlul joined the imperial army with 20,000 mounted soldiers. By his cleverness, he was able to project himself as a victor over the army of the Malwa Sultan and Sultan Muhammad Shah conferred on him the title of ''Khan-i-Khanan''. He also accepted Bahlul's occupation over a large part of Punjab.<ref name="Majumdar"/><ref name=Mahajan/> | ||
In 1443, Bahlul attacked Delhi but he did not succeed. During the reign of last Sayyid ruler Sultan Alam Shah, Bahlul again made | In 1443, Bahlul attacked Delhi but he did not succeed. During the reign of last Sayyid ruler Sultan Alam Shah, Bahlul again made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Delhi in 1447. In 1448, when Alam Shah retired to [[Badaun]], a minister of Alam Shah, Hamid Khan invited him to occupy the throne of Delhi. After the voluntary abdication of the throne by Alam Shah, Bahlul Shah ascended the throne of Delhi on 19 April 1451 and adopted the title of ''Bahlul Shah Ghazi''. Alam Shah continued to live in Badaun until his death in July 1478.<ref name="Majumdar"/><ref name=Mahajan/> | ||
[[File:Tomb of Bahlol Lodi.JPG|thumb|Tomb of Bahlol Lodi ]] | [[File:Tomb of Bahlol Lodi.JPG|thumb|Tomb of Bahlol Lodi ]] | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
After ascending to the throne, Bahlul decided to dispose of Hamid Khan. His cousin and brother-in-law Malik Mahmud Khan alias Qutb-ud-din Khan (Governor of Samana) imprisoned Hamid Khan.<ref name="Mahajan"/> | After ascending to the throne, Bahlul decided to dispose of Hamid Khan. His cousin and brother-in-law Malik Mahmud Khan alias Qutb-ud-din Khan (Governor of [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]]) imprisoned Hamid Khan.<ref name="Mahajan"/> | ||
In 1479, Sultan Bahlul Lodi defeated and annexed [[Sharqi dynasty]] based at [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]. Bahlul did much to stop rebellions and uprisings in his territories, and extended his holdings over [[Gwalior]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] and upper [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Just like the previous [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultans]], he kept [[Delhi]] the capital of his kingdom. In 1486, he appointed his son, Babrak Shah as [[viceroy]] of Jaunpur. In time, this proved to be problematic, as his second son, Nizam Khan ([[Sikandar Lodi]]) was named successor, and a power struggle ensued{{cn|date=January 2019}} upon his death in July 1489.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Muntakhabu-'rūkh |url=https://persian.packhum.org/pf?file=03601020&ct=0 |chapter= SULṬĀN BUHLŪL [IBN I KĀLĀ]* LODĪ |chapter-url=https://persian.packhum.org/pf?file=03601021&ct=92 |author=Al-Badāoni |author-link=Al-Badauni |translator1-first=George S. A. |translator1-last=Ranking |translator2-first=Wolseley |translator2-last=Haig |translator3-first=W. H. |translator3-last=Lowe |via=[[Packard Humanities Institute]], Persian Literature in Translation website}}</ref> The site of his grave is disputed. The [[Archeological Survey of India]] has long designated a building close to the shrine of the noted [[Sufi]] saint [[Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi]] in a locality that goes by his name, 'Chirag Delhi', as [[Tomb of Bahlul Lodi|Bahlul Lodi's tomb]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040509191553/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/01/stories/2004030100750200.htm Delhi's Valley of Kings] [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 1 March 2004.</ref> Other historians argue that the [[Sheesh Gumbad]] in the [[Lodi Gardens]] is actually to be identified with his tomb.<ref>[[Simon Digby (oriental scholar)|Simon Digby]], ''The Tomb of Buhlul Lodi'', The Bulletin of SOAS, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1975, pp. 550–61.</ref> | In 1479, Sultan Bahlul Lodi defeated and annexed [[Sharqi dynasty]] based at [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]. Bahlul did much to stop rebellions and uprisings in his territories, and extended his holdings over [[Gwalior]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] and upper [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Just like the previous [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultans]], he kept [[Delhi]] the capital of his kingdom. In 1486, he appointed his son, Babrak Shah as [[viceroy]] of Jaunpur. In time, this proved to be problematic, as his second son, Nizam Khan ([[Sikandar Lodi]]) was named successor, and a power struggle ensued{{cn|date=January 2019}} upon his death in July 1489.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Muntakhabu-'rūkh |url=https://persian.packhum.org/pf?file=03601020&ct=0 |chapter= SULṬĀN BUHLŪL [IBN I KĀLĀ]* LODĪ |chapter-url=https://persian.packhum.org/pf?file=03601021&ct=92 |author=Al-Badāoni |author-link=Al-Badauni |translator1-first=George S. A. |translator1-last=Ranking |translator2-first=Wolseley |translator2-last=Haig |translator3-first=W. H. |translator3-last=Lowe |via=[[Packard Humanities Institute]], Persian Literature in Translation website}}</ref> The site of his grave is disputed. The [[Archeological Survey of India]] has long designated a building close to the shrine of the noted [[Sufi]] saint [[Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi]] in a locality that goes by his name, 'Chirag Delhi', as [[Tomb of Bahlul Lodi|Bahlul Lodi's tomb]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040509191553/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/01/stories/2004030100750200.htm Delhi's Valley of Kings] [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 1 March 2004.</ref> Other historians argue that the [[Sheesh Gumbad]] in the [[Lodi Gardens]] is actually to be identified with his tomb.<ref>[[Simon Digby (oriental scholar)|Simon Digby]], ''The Tomb of Buhlul Lodi'', The Bulletin of SOAS, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1975, pp. 550–61.</ref> | ||
| Line 41: | Line 45: | ||
==Marriages== | ==Marriages== | ||
Bahlul married two times: | Bahlul married two times: | ||
*Shams Khatun, daughter of Malik Shah | *Shams Khatun, daughter of Sultan Malik Shah Lodi, his first cousin;{{cn|date=July 2021}} | ||
*Bibi Ambha, daughter of a [[Hindu]] goldsmith{{cn|date=July 2021}} | *Bibi Ambha, daughter of a [[Hindu]] goldsmith{{cn|date=July 2021}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:55, 28 June 2022
| Bahlul Khan Lodi | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Billon Tanka of 80 ratti of Bahlul Lodi | |||||
| 29th Sultan of Delhi | |||||
| Reign | 19 April 1451 – 12 July 1489 | ||||
| Coronation | 19 April 1451 | ||||
| Predecessor | Alam Shah also known as Alam Khan Lodi | ||||
| Successor | Sikandar Khan Lodi | ||||
| Born | 1401 | ||||
| Died | 12 July 1489 (aged 88) | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Shams Khatun Bibi Ambha | ||||
| Issue | Sikandar Khan Lodi Barbak Shah Taj Murassa Alam Khan | ||||
| |||||
| House | Lodi dynasty | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Bahlul Khan Lodi (1401 – 12 July 1489) was the chief of the Pashtun Lodi tribe.[1] Founder of the Lodi dynasty from the Delhi Sultanate[2] upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous Sayyid rule.[3] Bahlul became sultan of the dynasty on 19 April 1451[4] (855 AH).
Early life[edit | edit source]
Bahlul's grandfather, Malik Bahram Khan Lodi, a Pashtun tribal chief of Lodi tribe. He later took service under the governor of Multan, Malik Mardan Daulat . Bahram had a total of about five sons. His eldest son, Malik Sultan Shah Lodi, later served under the Sayyid dynasty ruler Khizr Khan and distinguished himself by killing in the battle later's worst enemy Mallu Iqbal Khan. He was rewarded with the title of Islam Khan and in 1419 appointed the governor of Sirhind. Bahlul, the son of Malik Kala Khan Lodi, the younger brother of Malik Sultan was married to Malik Sultan's daughter.[5][6]
In his youth, Bahlul was involved in the trading of horses and once sold his finely bred horses to the Sayyid dynasty Sultan Mohammad Shah. As a payment he was granted a pargana and raised to the status of amir. After the death of Malik Sultan, he became the governor of Sirhind. He was allowed to add Lahore to his charge. Once, Sultan Muhammad Shah asked for his help when the Malwa Sultan Mahmud Shah I invaded his territory. Bahlul joined the imperial army with 20,000 mounted soldiers. By his cleverness, he was able to project himself as a victor over the army of the Malwa Sultan and Sultan Muhammad Shah conferred on him the title of Khan-i-Khanan. He also accepted Bahlul's occupation over a large part of Punjab.[5][6]
In 1443, Bahlul attacked Delhi but he did not succeed. During the reign of last Sayyid ruler Sultan Alam Shah, Bahlul again made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Delhi in 1447. In 1448, when Alam Shah retired to Badaun, a minister of Alam Shah, Hamid Khan invited him to occupy the throne of Delhi. After the voluntary abdication of the throne by Alam Shah, Bahlul Shah ascended the throne of Delhi on 19 April 1451 and adopted the title of Bahlul Shah Ghazi. Alam Shah continued to live in Badaun until his death in July 1478.[5][6]
Reign[edit | edit source]
After ascending to the throne, Bahlul decided to dispose of Hamid Khan. His cousin and brother-in-law Malik Mahmud Khan alias Qutb-ud-din Khan (Governor of Samana) imprisoned Hamid Khan.[6]
In 1479, Sultan Bahlul Lodi defeated and annexed Sharqi dynasty based at Jaunpur. Bahlul did much to stop rebellions and uprisings in his territories, and extended his holdings over Gwalior, Jaunpur and upper Uttar Pradesh. Just like the previous Delhi Sultans, he kept Delhi the capital of his kingdom. In 1486, he appointed his son, Babrak Shah as viceroy of Jaunpur. In time, this proved to be problematic, as his second son, Nizam Khan (Sikandar Lodi) was named successor, and a power struggle ensued[citation needed] upon his death in July 1489.[7] The site of his grave is disputed. The Archeological Survey of India has long designated a building close to the shrine of the noted Sufi saint Nasiruddin Chirag-e-Delhi in a locality that goes by his name, 'Chirag Delhi', as Bahlul Lodi's tomb.[8] Other historians argue that the Sheesh Gumbad in the Lodi Gardens is actually to be identified with his tomb.[9]
Marriages[edit | edit source]
Bahlul married two times:
- Shams Khatun, daughter of Sultan Malik Shah Lodi, his first cousin;[citation needed]
- Bibi Ambha, daughter of a Hindu goldsmith[citation needed]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press. p. 304. ISBN 978-0231107143.
- ↑ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780521005395.
- ↑ Sengupta, Sudeshna (2008). History & Civics 9. Ratna Sagar (P) Limited. p. 126. ISBN 9788183323642.
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 122–125. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.134–36, 139–142
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, pp.245–51
- ↑ Al-Badāoni. "SULṬĀN BUHLŪL [IBN I KĀLĀ]* LODĪ". The Muntakhabu-'rūkh. Translated by Ranking, George S. A.; Haig, Wolseley; Lowe, W. H. – via Packard Humanities Institute, Persian Literature in Translation website.
- ↑ Delhi's Valley of Kings The Tribune, 1 March 2004.
- ↑ Simon Digby, The Tomb of Buhlul Lodi, The Bulletin of SOAS, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1975, pp. 550–61.
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ala-ud-Din |
Sultan of Delhi 1451–1489 |
Succeeded by Sikandar Lodi |
| New dynasty | Lodi dynasty 1451–1525 | |