V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan: Difference between revisions

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| source = https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MgduAAAAMAAJ&q=v+r+krishnan+ezhuthachan&dq=v+r+krishnan+ezhuthachan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjksMTJwKLZAhUMLY8KHYFmCiM4ChDoAQglMAA
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'''V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan''' (1909–2004) was an [[India]]n freedom fighter, [[Gandhism|Gandhian]], [[Journalism|journalist]], trade unionist and [[Indian National Congress]] leader from [[Thrissur]] city in [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/> Ezhuthachan was the founder general secretary of [[Kochi rajaya prajamandalam]] which was constituted on 26 January 1941. He is also founder of the now defunct ''[[Deenabandhu]]'' daily published from [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{cite web
'''V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan''' (1909–2004) was an Indian freedom fighter, [[Gandhism|Gandhian]], [[Journalism|journalist]], trade unionist and [[Indian National Congress]] leader from [[Thrissur]] city in [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/> Ezhuthachan was the founder general secretary of the [[Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam]] party which was constituted on 26 January 1941. He is also founder of the now defunct ''[[Deenabandhu]]'' daily published from [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/27/stories/2011052757720500.htm
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/27/stories/2011052757720500.htm
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125082249/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/27/stories/2011052757720500.htm
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125082249/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/27/stories/2011052757720500.htm
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==Personal life==
==Personal life==
V.R Krishnan Ezhuthachan was born in [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]] on 25 April 1909. As the tenth son of Vadakkoot Nelliparambil Raman Ezhuthachan and Njarasseri valappil Lakshmi amma. He completed his primary education from ezhuthupura(old traditional village school) which functioned in his own home.<ref name="Guruvison">{{cite magazine
V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan was born in [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]] on 25 April 1909. As the tenth son of Vadakkoot Nelliparambil Raman Ezhuthachan and Njarasseri valappil Lakshmi amma. He completed his primary education from ezhuthupura (old traditional village school) which functioned in his own home.<ref name="Guruvison">{{cite magazine
| date      = 31 March 2018
| date      = 31 March 2018
| title      = വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ
| title      = വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ
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| location  = [[Thrissur]]
| location  = [[Thrissur]]
| publisher  = K. Sasidharan
| publisher  = K. Sasidharan
}}</ref>[[File:വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛന്റെ ജന്മഗൃഹം.jpg|thumb|V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan's home at [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]]]]
}}</ref>[[File:വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛന്റെ ജന്മഗൃഹം.jpg|thumb|Ezhuthachan's home at [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]]]]
After passing the 10th-grade securing gold medal, he completed graduation in [[Economics]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|Law(BL)]] by securing rank. When [[Gandhiji]] arrived [[Thrissur]] in 1925, Ezhuthachan met him and then stepped into the freedom struggle. [[P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan]], an active member of the Cochin State Congress Party, was his mentor in politics.<ref name="V_R_K_C">{{cite web  
After passing the 10th grade securing a gold medal, he completed graduation in [[economics]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|law (BL)]] by securing rank. When [[Gandhiji]] arrived Thrissur in 1925, Ezhuthachan met him and then stepped into the freedom struggle. [[P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan]], an active member of the Cochin State Congress Party, was his mentor in politics.<ref name="V_R_K_C">{{cite web  
|url=http://www.vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege.com/aboutus.php
|url=http://www.vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege.com/aboutus.php
|title=vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege
|title=vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege
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|access-date=2018-02-17|archive-date=21 July 2017
|access-date=2018-02-17|archive-date=21 July 2017
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
With the formation and activities of [[Kochi rajya prajamandalam|Kochi Rajya prajamandalam]], V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan made his own identity in the field of politics.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M">{{cite web
With the formation and activities of [[Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam]], Ezhuthachan made his own identity in the field of politics.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M">{{cite web
|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/79618/9/09_chapter%202.pdf
|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/79618/9/09_chapter%202.pdf
|title=FORMATION OF KOCHI RAJYA PRAJAMANDALAM  
|title=FORMATION OF KOCHI RAJYA PRAJAMANDALAM  
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|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref><ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>
|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref><ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>


===The formation of Kochi Rajya Praja Mandalam===
===The formation of Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam===


A group of young people who were displeased with the functioning of political movements in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kochi state]], In the meeting held on 26 January 1941, under the leadership of Krishnan Ezhuthachan decided to form the [[Kochi rajya prajamandalam|Kochi Rajya prajamandalam]]. 'To end the sovereignty of Cochin king and to form responsible government' that was the main objective of Praja Mandala. On 9 February 1941 Prajamandal formed with V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan as founder general secretary.<ref name="തൃശ്ശൂർ - ചരിത്രം"/><ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/>
A group of young people who were displeased with the functioning of political movements in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kochi state]], in the meeting held on 26 January 1941 under the leadership of Ezhuthachan, decided to form the Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam. 'To end the sovereignty of Cochin king and to form responsible government' was the main objective. On 9 February 1941 Prajamandalam formed with Ezhuthachan as founder general secretary.<ref name="തൃശ്ശൂർ - ചരിത്രം"/><ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/>
   
   
To help the people of the Kingdom of Cochin from ravages caused due to the flooding in 1941, Prajamandalam formed ''Cochin flood relief committee''. V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan, [[C. Achutha Menon]] were secretaries of it. Ezhuthachan actively worked in this organisation by collecting donations and distributing [[brochure]]s about calamities throughout [[Kingdom of Cochin]].<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/>
To help the people of the Kingdom of Cochin from ravages caused due to the flooding in 1941, Prajamandalam formed the Cochin flood relief committee; Ezhuthachan and [[C. Achutha Menon]] were secretaries. Ezhuthachan actively worked in this organisation by collecting donations and distributing [[brochure]]s about calamities throughout the Kingdom of Cochin.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/>


====Cochin karshaka sabha====
====Cochin karshaka sabha====
[[File:വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛനും ഭാര്യ ലക്ഷ്മി ഭായിയും.jpg|thumb|V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan and his wife Lakshmi bhai]]
[[File:വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛനും ഭാര്യ ലക്ഷ്മി ഭായിയും.jpg|thumb|Ezhuthachan and his wife Lakshmi Bhai]]
With the objective of ending difficulties faced by farmers due to [[Feudalism]] an organisation called ''Cochin karshaka sabha'' formed with V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan as president and [[C. Achutha Menon]] as secretary. [[Brochure]]s about the difficulties of farmers distributed by this organisation. ''Cochin karshaka sabha'' stood for permanent ownership for farmers in their field. Protest by karshaka sabha caused acceptance of ''verumpatta kudiyan bill'' in 13 February 1943 at [[Cochin Legislative Council]]. In 1944, part of the restructuring of the Prajamandalam, [[Communism|Communist]] sympathizers abandoned the membership in Prajamandalam. After this incident ''Cochin karshaka sabha'' divided into two as ''All Cochin Kisan Congress'' with V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan as its leader and ''Cochin Karshaka sabha'' with [[C. Achutha Menon]] as the leader. Later ''All Cochin Kisan Congress'' merged to ''All India Kisan Congress''.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref>
With the objective of ending difficulties faced by farmers due to [[feudalism]], an organisation called {{Lang|ml-latn|Cochin karshaka sabha}} formed with Ezhuthachan as president and C. Achutha Menon as secretary. Brochures about the difficulties of farmers were distributed by the organisation. {{Lang|ml-latn|Cochin karshaka sabha}} stood for permanent ownership for farmers in their field. Their protests caused acceptance of the {{Lang|ml-latn|verumpatta kudiyan}} bill on 13 February 1943 at the [[Cochin Legislative Council]]. In 1944, part of the restructuring of the Prajamandalam, [[Communism|Communist]] sympathizers abandoned membership in Prajamandalam. After this incident {{Lang|ml-latn|Cochin karshaka sabha}} was divided into two, with All Cochin Kisan Congress with Ezhuthachan as its leader and {{Lang|ml-latn|Cochin Karshaka sabha}} with C. Achutha Menon as its leader. Later All Cochin Kisan Congress merged to ''All India Kisan Congress''.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref>
{{cite web  
{{cite web  
| title = MARXIST PRAXIS: COMMUNIST EXPERIENCE IN KERALA: 1957-2011, E.K. SANTHA, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, SIKKIM UNIVERSITY GANGTOK-737102, November 2016
| title = MARXIST PRAXIS: COMMUNIST EXPERIENCE IN KERALA: 1957-2011, E.K. SANTHA, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, SIKKIM UNIVERSITY GANGTOK-737102, November 2016
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In January 1942 Prajamandalam decided to conduct the first annual meeting at [[Irinjalakuda]]. Diwan A.F.W.Dixon banned it due to the resentment caused towards king by the activities of Prajamandalam and karshaka sabha. As a consequence of the ban, including Ezhuthachan many leaders of Praja Mandala got arrested. Leaders came forward to conduct the meeting arrested from the meeting place by the police send by Diwan. Leaders like [[K. Karunakaran]] arrested by police and  
In January 1942 Prajamandalam decided to conduct the first annual meeting at [[Irinjalakuda]]. Diwan A. F. W. Dixon banned it due to the resentment caused towards the king by the activities of Prajamandalam and {{Lang|ml-latn|karshaka sabha}}. As a consequence of the ban, many leaders of Praja Mandala were arrested,  including Ezhuthachan. Leaders who came forward to conduct the meeting were arrested at the meeting place by the police sent by Diwan. Leaders like [[K. Karunakaran]] were arrested and faced brutal torture in jail.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/>
they faced brutal torture in jail.<ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70"/>


[[Avinissery]] was one of the main weaving centre of [[Thrissur]]. Ezhuthachan actively worked in ''Cochi khadhi grama vyavasaya association'' an organisation to spread the use of khadi. He also worked actively in the formation of khadi weaving centres in [[Thrissur]] and [[Ernakulam]].<ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70">
[[Avinissery]] was one of the main weaving centres of [[Thrissur]]. Ezhuthachan actively worked in the {{Lang|ml-latn|Cochi khadhi grama vyavasaya}} association, an organisation to spread the use of [[khadi]]. He also worked actively in the formation of khadi weaving centres in Thrissur and [[Ernakulam]].<ref name = "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70">
{{cite news
{{cite news
|title=സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70
|title=സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804044638/https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/thrissur/2017/aug/10/310592
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804044638/https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/thrissur/2017/aug/10/310592
|archive-date=4 August 2018}}
|archive-date=4 August 2018}}
</ref>[[File:With VR Krishnan Ezhuthachan, PP George and A Madhavan.jpg|thumb|right|V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan(Third from right), with [[P. P. George]] and [[P. A. Madhavan]]  [[Indian National Trade Union Congress|at INTUC meeting]]]]
</ref>[[File:With VR Krishnan Ezhuthachan, PP George and A Madhavan.jpg|thumb|right|Ezhuthachan (third from right), with [[P. P. George]] and [[P. A. Madhavan]]  [[Indian National Trade Union Congress|at INTUC meeting]]]]
In connection with [[Quit India movement]] on 5 August 1942 a conference conducted under the leadership of [[Gandhiji]] and [[Nehru]] for All India Congress Committee at [[Bombay]]. Ezhuthachan and S.Neelakanda Iyer attended the conference by representing Praja Mandalam.
In connection with the [[Quit India movement]], on 5 August 1942 a conference was conducted under the leadership of [[Gandhiji]] and [[Nehru]] for All India Congress Committee at [[Bombay]]. Ezhuthachan and S.Neelakanda Iyer attended the conference by representing Prajamandalam.
As part of [[Quit India movement]] Praja Mandala actively participated in strikes. During that time there was strong ban in functioning of the [[Publishing|press]], Praja Mandala started a newspaper called ''[[Deenabandhu]]'' with V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan as [[Editor-in-chief]].
As part of the Quit India movement Prajamandalam actively participated in strikes. During that time there was a strong ban in functioning of the [[Publishing|press]],{{Clarify|reason=wording|date=November 2021}} Prajamandalam started a newspaper called ''[[Deenabandhu]]'' with Ezhuthachan as [[editor-in-chief]].


With the intention of saving people from financial crisis caused due to the [[World War II|second world war]], an organisation called ''gramasevakasamgham'' formed. Ezhuthachan worked as secretary of this organisation in [[Thrissur]]. During the spread of [[Fifth disease|fifth fever]] and [[cholera]] ''gramasevakasamgham'' actively worked to prevent its spread.
With the intention of saving people from financial crisis caused due to the [[World War II|Second World War]], an organisation called {{Lang|ml-latn|Gramasevakasamgham}} was formed. Ezhuthachan worked as secretary of this organisation in Thrissur. During the spread of [[Fifth disease|fifth fever]] and [[cholera]], {{Lang|ml-latn|Gramasevakasamgham}} actively worked to prevent its spread.
[[File:V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan samadhi.jpg|thumb|V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan's samadhi at [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]]]]
[[File:V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan samadhi.jpg|thumb|Ezhuthachan's samadhi at [[Avinissery]], [[Thrissur]]]]
When prjamandal decided to face election. In 1945 Ezhuthachan unanimously elected to [[Cochin Legislative Council]]. Ezhuthachan was a member of [[Travancore-Cochin|Travancore-Cochin legislative council]] representing [[Nemmara]].<ref>
When Prajamandalam decided to face election in 1945, Ezhuthachan was unanimously elected to the Cochin Legislative Council. Ezhuthachan was a member of the [[Travancore-Cochin|Travancore-Cochin legislative council]] representing [[Nemmara]].<ref>
{{cite web  
{{cite web  
| title = Statistical report on general election, 1951 to the legislative assembly of Travancore - Cochin   
| title = Statistical report on general election, 1951 to the legislative assembly of Travancore - Cochin   
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}}</ref><ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref name="V_R_K_C"/><ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>
}}</ref><ref name = "Formation of K_R_P_M"/><ref name="V_R_K_C"/><ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>


Ezhuthachan married Lakshmi Bhai, Daughter of his political mentor and active congress politician [[P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan]].
Ezhuthachan married Lakshmi Bhai, daughter of his political mentor and active congress politician P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan.
He died in 2004 at the age of 95 due to age-related diseases.<ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>
He died in 2004 at the age of 95 due to age-related diseases.<ref name = "വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ അന്തരിച്ചു"/>


In 2009 as a part of V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan Janmashadabdhi celebration [[M.P. Veerendra Kumar]] received ''V.R. Krishananezhuthachan Janmashadabdhi award''.<ref>
In 2009 as a part of V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan's {{Lang|hi-latn|Janmashadabdhi}} (birth centennial) celebration, [[M.P. Veerendra Kumar]] received the V.R. Krishananezhuthachan Janmashadabdhi Award.<ref>
{{cite news
{{cite news
|title=Minister calls for schemes to promote khadi
|title=Minister calls for schemes to promote khadi
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|archive-date=17 February 2018}}
|archive-date=17 February 2018}}
</ref>  
</ref>  
Ezhuthachan gave leadership to a caste based organisation called ''[[Ezhuthachan (caste)|Ezhuthachan samajam]]'' due to the honor towards his activities the law college started by ''[[Ezhuthachan (caste)|Ezhuthachan samajam]]'' entitled his name.<ref>
Ezhuthachan gave leadership to a caste-based organisation called ''[[Ezhuthachan (caste)|Ezhuthachan samajam]].'' To honor his activity, a law college founded by {{Lang|ml-latn|Ezhuthachan samajam}} was named after him.<ref>
{{cite news
{{cite news
|title=Palakkad gets its first law college
|title=Palakkad gets its first law college
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</ref>
</ref>


==Recognition's==
==Recognition==
The nation honored Ezhuthachan with ''Thamarapathra'' for his excellent service in [[Indian independence movement]]. Other major awards are [[University of Madras]] award for the study ''Gramoddharanam'' in the year 1931. ''sadanandan'' award and ''[[Kizhekethil Chandy|Prof. K. M. Chandy]]'' award for the contributions in the field of [[Cooperative movement in India]]. ''Swathanthra kanakopaharam'' by Kerala press foundation. ''Ramasrama'' award for excellent service in social and literature fields. Thissur ''Sahrudaya vedhi'' award, ''Tomyas'' award.<ref name="Guruvison"/>
The nation honored Ezhuthachan with ''Thamarapathra'' for his excellent service in the [[Indian independence movement]]. Other major awards include the [[University of Madras]] Award for the study {{Lang|hi-latn|Gramoddharanam}} in 1931. He was given the ''Sadanandan'' Award and [[Kizhekethil Chandy|Prof. K. M. Chandy]] Award for contributions in the field of [[cooperative movement in India]]. Ezhuthachan was also given {{Lang|ml-latn|Swathanthra kanakopaharam}} by the Kerala Press Foundation, the ''Ramasrama'' award for excellent service in the social and literature fields, the Thissur ''Sahrudaya Vedhi'' award, and the ''Tomyas'' award.<ref name="Guruvison"/>


==In Literature field==
==Literature==
Ezhuthachan has contributions in the field of [[literature]] also, he was a poet. He received [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award for his autobiography ''[[:ml:വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ: ആത്മകഥ|V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan: aathmakadha]]'' in the year of 2000.<ref>http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/awards.php?award=13</ref><ref name="test1">[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ml_aw6.htm
Ezhuthachan has contributions in the field of [[literature]] also; he was a poet. He received the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award for his autobiography ''{{Interlanguage link|V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan: aathmakadha|lt=V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan: aathmakadha|ml|വി.ആർ. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ: ആത്മകഥ}}'' in 2000.<ref>http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/awards.php?award=13</ref><ref name="test1">[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ml_aw6.htm
Works that won [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award for Biography/Autobiography.</ref>
Works that won [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award for Biography/Autobiography.</ref>


===Other works===
===Other works===
* ''Gramoddhaaranam''
* {{Lang|hi-latn|Gramoddhaaranam}}
* ''Aashayaanjali''
* {{Lang|hi-latn|Aashayaanjali}}
* ''Gandhi Jinna Kathukal''(Translation)
* {{Lang|ml-latn|Gandhi Jinna Kathukal}} (translation)
* ''Vishwacharithraavalokanam''(Translation of [[Glimpses of World History]] by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]])
* ''Vishwacharithraavalokanam'' (translation of [[Glimpses of World History]] by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]])
* ''Indiayile vargeeya thrikonam''(Translation of Ashok metha's ''Communal triangle'')
* {{Lang|ml-latn|Indiayile vargeeya thrikonam}} (translation of Ashok Metha's ''Communal triangle'')
* ''Kochikkoru abhivruddhi paddhathi''
* ''Kochikkoru abhivruddhi paddhathi''
* ''Niyamasabhaprasangangal''(Compilation of Krishnan Ezhuthachan's speeches in legislative assembly)
* {{Lang|hi-latn|Niyamasabhaprasangangal}} (compilation of Krishnan Ezhuthachan's speeches in legislative assembly)
In addition to this Ezhuthachan was co-author for a book named ''Kochi rajya charithram'' about the history of [[Kingdom of Cochin]].<ref name="Guruvison"/><ref>{{cite web  
In addition, Ezhuthachan co-authored a book named {{Lang|ml-latn|Kochi rajya charithram}} about the history of the Kingdom of Cochin.<ref name="Guruvison"/><ref>{{cite web  
| title = Keralaliterature.com/കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ വി.ആർ.
| title = Keralaliterature.com/കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ വി.ആർ.
| url = http://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-മലയാളം-എഴുത്തുകാർ/krishnan-ezhuthachan-v-r-കൃഷ്ണൻ-എഴുത്തച്ഛന്/
| url = http://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-മലയാളം-എഴുത്തുകാർ/krishnan-ezhuthachan-v-r-കൃഷ്ണൻ-എഴുത്തച്ഛന്/

Revision as of 08:21, 5 January 2022


V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan
File:V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan(Freedom fighter from Kerala).jpg
Member of Cochin Legislative Council
In office
1945–1948
Member of Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly
In office
1952–1954
RajpramukhChithira Thirunal Balarama Varma
Preceded byPosition Created
Succeeded bySivarama Bharathy
ConstituencyNemmara
Personal details
Born25 April 1909
Avinissery, Thrissur, Kingdom of Cochin, British India
Died13 May 2004(2004-05-13) (aged 95)
Thrissur, Kerala, India
Political partyIndian National Congress
Spouse(s)P.K.Lakshmi Bhai
ChildrenThree daughters and Four sons
ResidenceThrissur
Alma materGovernment Law College, Thiruvananthapuram

V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan (1909–2004) was an Indian freedom fighter, Gandhian, journalist, trade unionist and Indian National Congress leader from Thrissur city in Kerala, India.[1] Ezhuthachan was the founder general secretary of the Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam party which was constituted on 26 January 1941. He is also founder of the now defunct Deenabandhu daily published from Thrissur.[2][3][4][5][6]

Personal life

V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan was born in Avinissery, Thrissur on 25 April 1909. As the tenth son of Vadakkoot Nelliparambil Raman Ezhuthachan and Njarasseri valappil Lakshmi amma. He completed his primary education from ezhuthupura (old traditional village school) which functioned in his own home.[7]

Ezhuthachan's home at Avinissery, Thrissur

After passing the 10th grade securing a gold medal, he completed graduation in economics and law (BL) by securing rank. When Gandhiji arrived Thrissur in 1925, Ezhuthachan met him and then stepped into the freedom struggle. P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan, an active member of the Cochin State Congress Party, was his mentor in politics.[8] With the formation and activities of Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam, Ezhuthachan made his own identity in the field of politics.[9][6]

The formation of Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam

A group of young people who were displeased with the functioning of political movements in the erstwhile Kochi state, in the meeting held on 26 January 1941 under the leadership of Ezhuthachan, decided to form the Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam. 'To end the sovereignty of Cochin king and to form responsible government' was the main objective. On 9 February 1941 Prajamandalam formed with Ezhuthachan as founder general secretary.[3][1]

To help the people of the Kingdom of Cochin from ravages caused due to the flooding in 1941, Prajamandalam formed the Cochin flood relief committee; Ezhuthachan and C. Achutha Menon were secretaries. Ezhuthachan actively worked in this organisation by collecting donations and distributing brochures about calamities throughout the Kingdom of Cochin.[9]

Cochin karshaka sabha

Ezhuthachan and his wife Lakshmi Bhai

With the objective of ending difficulties faced by farmers due to feudalism, an organisation called Cochin karshaka sabha formed with Ezhuthachan as president and C. Achutha Menon as secretary. Brochures about the difficulties of farmers were distributed by the organisation. Cochin karshaka sabha stood for permanent ownership for farmers in their field. Their protests caused acceptance of the verumpatta kudiyan bill on 13 February 1943 at the Cochin Legislative Council. In 1944, part of the restructuring of the Prajamandalam, Communist sympathizers abandoned membership in Prajamandalam. After this incident Cochin karshaka sabha was divided into two, with All Cochin Kisan Congress with Ezhuthachan as its leader and Cochin Karshaka sabha with C. Achutha Menon as its leader. Later All Cochin Kisan Congress merged to All India Kisan Congress.[9][10]

In January 1942 Prajamandalam decided to conduct the first annual meeting at Irinjalakuda. Diwan A. F. W. Dixon banned it due to the resentment caused towards the king by the activities of Prajamandalam and karshaka sabha. As a consequence of the ban, many leaders of Praja Mandala were arrested, including Ezhuthachan. Leaders who came forward to conduct the meeting were arrested at the meeting place by the police sent by Diwan. Leaders like K. Karunakaran were arrested and faced brutal torture in jail.[9][1]

Avinissery was one of the main weaving centres of Thrissur. Ezhuthachan actively worked in the Cochi khadhi grama vyavasaya association, an organisation to spread the use of khadi. He also worked actively in the formation of khadi weaving centres in Thrissur and Ernakulam.[1]

Ezhuthachan (third from right), with P. P. George and P. A. Madhavan at INTUC meeting

In connection with the Quit India movement, on 5 August 1942 a conference was conducted under the leadership of Gandhiji and Nehru for All India Congress Committee at Bombay. Ezhuthachan and S.Neelakanda Iyer attended the conference by representing Prajamandalam. As part of the Quit India movement Prajamandalam actively participated in strikes. During that time there was a strong ban in functioning of the press,[clarification needed] Prajamandalam started a newspaper called Deenabandhu with Ezhuthachan as editor-in-chief.

With the intention of saving people from financial crisis caused due to the Second World War, an organisation called Gramasevakasamgham was formed. Ezhuthachan worked as secretary of this organisation in Thrissur. During the spread of fifth fever and cholera, Gramasevakasamgham actively worked to prevent its spread.

Ezhuthachan's samadhi at Avinissery, Thrissur

When Prajamandalam decided to face election in 1945, Ezhuthachan was unanimously elected to the Cochin Legislative Council. Ezhuthachan was a member of the Travancore-Cochin legislative council representing Nemmara.[11][9][8][6]

Ezhuthachan married Lakshmi Bhai, daughter of his political mentor and active congress politician P. Kumaran Ezhuthachan. He died in 2004 at the age of 95 due to age-related diseases.[6]

In 2009 as a part of V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan's Janmashadabdhi (birth centennial) celebration, M.P. Veerendra Kumar received the V.R. Krishananezhuthachan Janmashadabdhi Award.[12] Ezhuthachan gave leadership to a caste-based organisation called Ezhuthachan samajam. To honor his activity, a law college founded by Ezhuthachan samajam was named after him.[13]

Recognition

The nation honored Ezhuthachan with Thamarapathra for his excellent service in the Indian independence movement. Other major awards include the University of Madras Award for the study Gramoddharanam in 1931. He was given the Sadanandan Award and Prof. K. M. Chandy Award for contributions in the field of cooperative movement in India. Ezhuthachan was also given Swathanthra kanakopaharam by the Kerala Press Foundation, the Ramasrama award for excellent service in the social and literature fields, the Thissur Sahrudaya Vedhi award, and the Tomyas award.[7]

Literature

Ezhuthachan has contributions in the field of literature also; he was a poet. He received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi award for his autobiography V.R.Krishnan Ezhuthachan: aathmakadha [ml] in 2000.[14][15]

Other works

  • Gramoddhaaranam
  • Aashayaanjali
  • Gandhi Jinna Kathukal (translation)
  • Vishwacharithraavalokanam (translation of Glimpses of World History by Jawaharlal Nehru)
  • Indiayile vargeeya thrikonam (translation of Ashok Metha's Communal triangle)
  • Kochikkoru abhivruddhi paddhathi
  • Niyamasabhaprasangangal (compilation of Krishnan Ezhuthachan's speeches in legislative assembly)

In addition, Ezhuthachan co-authored a book named Kochi rajya charithram about the history of the Kingdom of Cochin.[7][16]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം @ 70". Madhyamam online. 10 October 2017. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  2. ↑ "Gandhian remembered". The Hindu. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "THRISSUR - HISTORY". Govt of Thrissur. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  4. ↑ "Fall in poll percentage due to middle class indifference: Ravi". Zee News. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  5. ↑ "VR Krishnan Ezhuthachan remembrance meet on Sunday". City Journal. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "വി.ആര്‍. കൃഷ്ണനെഴുത്തച്ഛന്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു". One India Malayalam. 13 May 2004. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ". ഗുരുവിഷൻ: ചരിത്ര, സംസ്കാരിക, മാസിക(വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ സ്പെഷ്യൽ പതിപ്പ്). Thrissur: K. Sasidharan. 31 March 2018.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege". vrkrishnanezhuthachanlawcollege. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "FORMATION OF KOCHI RAJYA PRAJAMANDALAM" (PDF). Shodhganga:a reservoir of Indian theses. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  10. ↑ "MARXIST PRAXIS: COMMUNIST EXPERIENCE IN KERALA: 1957-2011, E.K. SANTHA, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, SIKKIM UNIVERSITY GANGTOK-737102, November 2016" (PDF). 22 May 2018. p. 125.
  11. ↑ "Statistical report on general election, 1951 to the legislative assembly of Travancore - Cochin" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2017.
  12. ↑ "Minister calls for schemes to promote khadi". The Hindu online. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  13. ↑ "Palakkad gets its first law college". The Hindu online. 13 May 2004. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  14. ↑ http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/awards.php?award=13
  15. ↑ [http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ml_aw6.htm Works that won Kerala Sahitya Akademi award for Biography/Autobiography.
  16. ↑ "Keralaliterature.com/കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ വി.ആർ". Archived from the original on 21 June 2018.

Further reading

  • Formation of Kochi Rajya Prajamandalam
  • V.R Krishnanezhuthachan aathmakadha
  • guruviṣan: caritra, sanskārika, māsika(vi. ār. kr̥ṣṇan eḻuttacchan speṣyal patipp) ഗുരുവിഷൻ: ചരിത്ര, സംസ്കാരിക, മാസിക(വി. ആർ. കൃഷ്ണൻ എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ സ്പെഷ്യൽ പതിപ്പ്), Thrissur: K. Sasidharan. 31 March 2018.
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