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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Muhammad Husain Azad | | name = Muhammad Husain Azad | ||
| image = https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQwXy5Drj0RaNqVA52f1D8ORy40LadDqxp1tw1sY3QmAFxYebYeNu-ddaEs&s=10 | |||
| birth_date = 5 May 1830 | | birth_date = 5 May 1830 | ||
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br>(now in [[India]]) | | birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br>(now in [[India]]) | ||
| death_date = 22 January 1910 | | death_date = 22 January 1910 | ||
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]]<br>(now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]) | | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]]<br>(now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]) | ||
| nationality = | |||
| notable_works = [[Aab-e hayat (Azad)|Aab-e-Hayat]] | | notable_works = [[Aab-e hayat (Azad)|Aab-e-Hayat]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Azad started teaching at the newly-founded [[Government College, Lahore]] in 1864, and later at [[Oriental College]], Lahore. In Lahore, he came in contact with [[G. W. Leitner]], who was the principal and founder of Anjuman-e-Punjab. In 1866, Azad became a regularly paid lecturer on behalf of the Anjuman and a year later became its secretary. In 1887, he established the Azad Library which helped him earn the title of ''Shams-ul-ulama'' (Sun among the Learned).<ref name=UrduAdab/><ref name=UC/> | Azad started teaching at the newly-founded [[Government College, Lahore]] in 1864, and later at [[Oriental College]], Lahore. In Lahore, he came in contact with [[G. W. Leitner]], who was the principal and founder of Anjuman-e-Punjab. In 1866, Azad became a regularly paid lecturer on behalf of the Anjuman and a year later became its secretary. In 1887, he established the Azad Library which helped him earn the title of ''Shams-ul-ulama'' (Sun among the Learned).<ref name=UrduAdab/><ref name=UC/> | ||
Along with [[Altaf Hussain Hali]], Azad led a movement for 'natural poetry', a movement to reform classical Urdu poetry. He declared the aim of poetry to be | Along with [[Altaf Hussain Hali]], Azad led a movement for 'natural poetry', a movement to reform classical Urdu poetry. He declared the aim of poetry to be “as we express it, it should arouse in the listeners’ heart the same effect, the same emotion, the same fervor, as would be created by seeing the thing itself, rejecting the aesthetics of classical Urdu poetry, which, according to him, was artificial and involved in a 'game of words' that did not produce genuine emotion. Sir [[Syed Ahmad Khan]] encouraged and supported both Hali and Azad in their effort to create a simple and realistic-looking creed of Urdu literature.<ref name=UC/><ref name="Dubrow2018">{{cite book|last=Dubrow|first=Jennifer|title=Cosmopolitan Dreams: The Making of Modern Urdu Literary Culture in Colonial South Asia|url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/523583|date=October 2018|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-7270-0|chapter=Chapter 1 : Printing the Cosmopolis|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9780824876692/9780824876692-005/9780824876692-005.xml|page=23|via=[[De Gruyter]]}} {{Subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azad-mohammad-hosayn-scholar-and-writer-in-urdu-and-persian-born-about-1834-in-delhi|title=ĀZĀD, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref> | ||
== Works == | == Works == | ||
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[[Category:Writers from Lahore]] | [[Category:Writers from Lahore]] | ||
[[Category:Indian literary critics]] | [[Category:Indian literary critics]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Government College University, Lahore faculty]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian poets]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]] | ||
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[[Category:Indian expatriates in Iran]] | [[Category:Indian expatriates in Iran]] | ||
[[Category:Urdu-language travel writers]] | [[Category:Urdu-language travel writers]] | ||
[[Category:Oriental College faculty]] | |||