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Kangra Fort: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Fort in Himachal Padesh, India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}} | ||
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|partof = [[Himachal Pradesh]] | |partof = [[Himachal Pradesh]] | ||
|location = [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]] | |location = [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]] | ||
|image = Kangra Fort | |image = Kangra Fort ,Himachal Pradesh 06.jpg | ||
|caption = Kangra Fort | |caption = Kangra Fort | ||
|map_type = | |map_type = | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Jullunder Doab Kote Kangra..jpg|thumb|Kangra fort in 1847, by [[Charles Stewart Hardinge|Charles Hardinge]]]] | |||
The Kangra Fort was built by the royal [[Rajput]] family of [[Kangra State]] (the [[Katoch|Katoch dynasty]]) in 4th century AD, which traces its origins to the ancient [[Trigarta Kingdom]], mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] epic. | The Kangra Fort was built by the royal [[Rajput]] family of [[Kangra State]] (the [[Katoch|Katoch dynasty]]) in 4th century AD, which traces its origins to the ancient [[Trigarta Kingdom]], mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] epic. | ||
Raja Dharam Chand submitted to the Mughal Ruler Akbar in 1556 and agreed to pay tribute, including, renouncing claims to the fort. But in 1620, Emperor Jahangir, killed that Katoch king, Raja Hari Chand and annexed the Kangra kingdom into the Mughal Empire.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=165–166}}</ref> Under the leadership of Nawab Ali Khan and aided by Raja Jagat Singh, the fort was captured in 1620 and under Mughal rule until 1783. In 1621, Jahangir visited it and ordered the slaughter of a bullock there.<ref>http://www.preservearticles.com/2012031026090/jahangirs-conquest-of-kangra-and-kistwar.html</ref> A mosque was also built within the fort of Kangra.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Kangra |number=7 |series=Ekaant |language= hi |season=2 |network=[[Epic (TV channel)|EPIC]] |date=2015 }}</ref> | |||
As the Mughal empire began to crumble, a descendant of Raja Dharam Chand, [[Raja Sansar Chand]] Bahadur II began a series of conquests of Kangra with the support of Sikh leader, Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the [[Kanhaiya]] misl. However, after the death of Mughal governor Saif Ali Khan, the fort was surrendered in 1783 by his son to the Sikh leader, [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the [[Kanhaiya]] Misl in return for safe passage. This betrayal by Jai Singh Kanhaiya led to Raja Sansar Chand soliciting the services of Sikh misaldars [[Maha Singh]] of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] (father of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]) and [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]] and besieged the fort. In 1786, [[Raja Sansar Chand]] gained Kangra fort by peaceful treaty with Jai Singh Kanhaiya in return for territorial concessions in the Punjab. | As the Mughal empire began to crumble, a descendant of Raja Dharam Chand, [[Raja Sansar Chand]] Bahadur II began a series of conquests of Kangra with the support of Sikh leader, Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the [[Kanhaiya]] misl. However, after the death of Mughal governor Saif Ali Khan, the fort was surrendered in 1783 by his son to the Sikh leader, [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the [[Kanhaiya]] Misl in return for safe passage. This betrayal by Jai Singh Kanhaiya led to Raja Sansar Chand soliciting the services of Sikh misaldars [[Maha Singh]] of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] (father of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]) and [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]] and besieged the fort. In 1786, [[Raja Sansar Chand]] gained Kangra fort by peaceful treaty with Jai Singh Kanhaiya in return for territorial concessions in the Punjab. | ||
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==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> | <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> | ||
File:View from wall of Kangra Fort.jpg | File:Kangra Fort from Sansar Chandra Museum 02.JPG|Kangra fort seen from Sansar Chand Museum | ||
File:View from wall of Kangra Fort.jpg|View from wall of Kangra Fort | |||
Laxmi Narayan Temple, Kangra Fort.jpg|[[Laxmi Narayan]] Temple, Kangra Fort | Laxmi Narayan Temple, Kangra Fort.jpg|[[Laxmi Narayan]] Temple, Kangra Fort | ||
Kangra Fort Jain statue.jpg|Statue of Rishabhnatha inside the Ambika Mata Temple at top of Kangra Fort | Kangra Fort Jain statue.jpg|Statue of Rishabhnatha inside the Ambika Mata Temple at top of Kangra Fort | ||
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File:Tourists approaching entrance gate to Kangra Fort.jpg|thumb|Tourists approaching entrance gate to Kangra Fort | File:Tourists approaching entrance gate to Kangra Fort.jpg|thumb|Tourists approaching entrance gate to Kangra Fort | ||
File:View from top of Kangra Fort overlooking Beas river.jpg|thumb|View from top of Kangra Fort overlooking [[Beas river]] | File:View from top of Kangra Fort overlooking Beas river.jpg|thumb|View from top of Kangra Fort overlooking [[Beas river]] | ||
File:Tourists exploring inside Kangra Fort.jpg | File:Tourists exploring inside Kangra Fort.jpg|Tourists exploring inside Kangra Fort | ||
File:Kangra Fort ,Himachal Pradesh 03.jpg|Walls of the fort | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==Location== | ==Location== | ||
The fort is right next to Kangra town. {{coord|32.1|N|76.27|E|}} The fort stands on a steep rock in Purana Kangra (translates to Old Kangra) dominating the surrounding valley, built strategically at the "Sangam" confluence (places where two rivers meet) of [[Banganga River (Himachal Pradesh)|Banganga]] and [[Majhi River|Majhi]] rivers. It is said that Kangra belongs to one who owns the fort. | The fort is right next to Kangra town. {{coord|32.1|N|76.27|E|}} The fort stands on a steep rock in Purana Kangra (translates to Old Kangra) dominating the surrounding valley, built strategically at the "Sangam" confluence (places where two rivers meet) of [[Banganga River (Himachal Pradesh)|Banganga]] and [[Majhi River|Majhi]] rivers. It is said that Kangra belongs to one who owns the fort. | ||
Also near to old Kangra is the famous Jayanti Mata temple on a hilltop. The | Also near to old Kangra is the famous Jayanti Mata temple on a hilltop. The temple was built by the General of the Gorkha Army, Bada Kaji [[Amar Singh Thapa]]. Also close to entrance is a small museum which exhibits the history of Kangra fort. | ||
Adjoining the Fort is the Maharaja Sansar Chand Katoch Museum run by the Royal Family of Kangra. The Museum also provides audio guides for the fort and the museum and has a cafeteria. | Adjoining the Fort is the Maharaja Sansar Chand Katoch Museum run by the Royal Family of Kangra. The Museum also provides audio guides for the fort and the museum and has a cafeteria. | ||
Revision as of 13:29, 3 November 2021
Coordinates: 32°05′17.1″N 76°15′28″E / 32.088083°N 76.25778°E
| Kangra Fort | |
|---|---|
| Part of Himachal Pradesh | |
| Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India | |
 Kangra Fort | |
| Type | Fort |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | Kangra State |
| Condition | Ruins |
| Site history | |
| Built by | Rajput family of Kangra State (the Katoch dynasty) |
The Kangra Fort is located 20 kilometers from the town of Dharamsala on the outskirts of the town of Kangra, India.
History
The Kangra Fort was built by the royal Rajput family of Kangra State (the Katoch dynasty) in 4th century AD, which traces its origins to the ancient Trigarta Kingdom, mentioned in the Mahabharata epic.
Raja Dharam Chand submitted to the Mughal Ruler Akbar in 1556 and agreed to pay tribute, including, renouncing claims to the fort. But in 1620, Emperor Jahangir, killed that Katoch king, Raja Hari Chand and annexed the Kangra kingdom into the Mughal Empire.[1] Under the leadership of Nawab Ali Khan and aided by Raja Jagat Singh, the fort was captured in 1620 and under Mughal rule until 1783. In 1621, Jahangir visited it and ordered the slaughter of a bullock there.[2] A mosque was also built within the fort of Kangra.[3]
As the Mughal empire began to crumble, a descendant of Raja Dharam Chand, Raja Sansar Chand Bahadur II began a series of conquests of Kangra with the support of Sikh leader, Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the Kanhaiya misl. However, after the death of Mughal governor Saif Ali Khan, the fort was surrendered in 1783 by his son to the Sikh leader, Jai Singh Kanhaiya of the Kanhaiya Misl in return for safe passage. This betrayal by Jai Singh Kanhaiya led to Raja Sansar Chand soliciting the services of Sikh misaldars Maha Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl (father of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and besieged the fort. In 1786, Raja Sansar Chand gained Kangra fort by peaceful treaty with Jai Singh Kanhaiya in return for territorial concessions in the Punjab.
Sansar Chand quickly focused on expanding his kingdom and conquered the nearby kingdoms of Chamba, Mandi, Suket and Nahan. In 1805 he turned his attention to Bilaspur and the then Raja of Bilaspur called on the aid of the powerful Gurkha kingdom who had already acquired Garwal, Sirmour and other small hill states of Shmila. An army of 40,000 Gurkhas responded by crossing the Sutlej river and quickly captured fort after fort. In 1808, the Gorkhas struck a decisive blow and captured the fort of Pathiyar (Palampur). By 1809, Kangra itself was under direct threat from the Gurkhas and Sansar Chand had taken refuge in the Kangra fort. Sansar Chand then turned towards Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore for aid, leading to the Gurkha-Sikh war of 1809 in which the Gurkhas were defeated and forced back to the Ghaghara River. In return for his help, Maharaja Ranjit Singh took possession of the ancient fort alongside 76 villages (the fort's ancient Jagir) on Aug 24, 1809 while leaving the rest of Kangra to Sansar Chand.
The fort was finally taken by the British after the Anglo-Sikh war of 1846.
A British garrison occupied the fort until it was heavily damaged in an earthquake on 4 April 1905.
Gallery
Kangra fort seen from Sansar Chand Museum
View from wall of Kangra Fort
Laxmi Narayan Temple, Kangra Fort
Statue of Rishabhnatha inside the Ambika Mata Temple at top of Kangra Fort
Jain temple inside fort
Tourists approaching entrance gate to Kangra Fort
View from top of Kangra Fort overlooking Beas river
Tourists exploring inside Kangra Fort
Walls of the fort
.jpg)
Layout
The entrance to the fort is through a small courtyard enclosed between two gates which were built during the Sikh period, as appears from an inscription over the entrance. From here a long and narrow passage leads up to the top of the fort, through the Ahani and Amiri Darwaza (gate), both attributed to Nawab Saif Ali Khan, the first Mughal Governor of Kangra. About 500 feet from the outer gate the passage turns round at a very sharp angle and passes through the Jehangiri Darwaza.
The Darsani Darwaza, which is now flanked by defaced statues of River Goddesses Ganga and Yamuna gave access to a courtyard, along the south side of which stood the stone shrines of Lakshmi-Narayana and Ambika Devi and a Jain temple with large idol of Rishabhanatha.[4]
Location
The fort is right next to Kangra town. 32°06′N 76°16′E / 32.1°N 76.27°E The fort stands on a steep rock in Purana Kangra (translates to Old Kangra) dominating the surrounding valley, built strategically at the "Sangam" confluence (places where two rivers meet) of Banganga and Majhi rivers. It is said that Kangra belongs to one who owns the fort.
Also near to old Kangra is the famous Jayanti Mata temple on a hilltop. The temple was built by the General of the Gorkha Army, Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa. Also close to entrance is a small museum which exhibits the history of Kangra fort.
Adjoining the Fort is the Maharaja Sansar Chand Katoch Museum run by the Royal Family of Kangra. The Museum also provides audio guides for the fort and the museum and has a cafeteria.
References
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ http://www.preservearticles.com/2012031026090/jahangirs-conquest-of-kangra-and-kistwar.html
- ↑ "Kangra". Ekaant. EPIC. No. 7, season 2.
- ↑ Jeratha, Aśoka (2000), Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya, Indus Publishing, p. 31, ISBN 9788173871047
Further reading
- Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter IV Kangra State, pp. 98–198.
- Royal Family of Kangra and the Durbar-e-Amm museum society. Kangra. Date unknown. Purchased in 2010 in Kangra.
