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{{short description|Segmented region of the Kingdom of Hyderabad}} | {{short description|Segmented region of the Kingdom of Hyderabad}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
| bodyclass = geography | | bodyclass = geography | ||
| headerstyle | | headerstyle = background:#ccf; | ||
| labelstyle | | labelstyle = background:#fff; | ||
| above = Aurangabad division | |||
| | | title = Marathwada | ||
| image | | image = [[File:Aurangabad Division.png|center|300 px]]<small>Location of Marathwada in [[Maharashtra]]</small> | ||
{{Photomontage | {{Photomontage | ||
| photo1a = Aurangabad,_Bibi_Ka_Maqbara_(9842174586).jpg | | photo1a = Aurangabad,_Bibi_Ka_Maqbara_(9842174586).jpg | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| size = 260 | | size = 260 | ||
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hazur Sahib|Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara]], Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]], Shiva temple in [[Ellora Caves]]}} | | foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hazur Sahib|Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara]], Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]], Shiva temple in [[Ellora Caves]]}} | ||
| label1 | | label1 = Districts | ||
| data1 | | data1 = [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|SAurangabad]],<br/>[[Beed district|Beed]],<br/>[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]],<br/>[[Jalna district|Jalna]],<br/>[[Latur district|Latur]],<br/>[[Nanded district|Nanded]],<br/>[[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]],<br/>[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | ||
| label2 | | label2 = Largest city | ||
| data2 | | data2 = [[Aurangabad]] | ||
| label3 | | label3 = Division | ||
| data3 | | data3 = [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad division]] | ||
| label4 | | label4 = Area | ||
| data4 | | data4 = {{convert|64590|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | ||
| label5 | | label5 = Population (2011) | ||
| data5 | | data5 = 18,731,872<ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|title=District wise Demography|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/maharashtra.html|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> | ||
| label6 | | label6 = Density <small>(per km²)</small> | ||
| data6 | | data6 = 354<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
| label7 | | label7 = Literacy | ||
| data7 | | data7 = 76.27%<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
| label8 | | label8 = Sex Ratio | ||
| data8 | | data8 = 932<ref name=Census2011/> | ||
|Language=|subdivision type=|Subdivision_name=|Subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=India|subdivision_type1=[[States and territories of India|State]]|Subdivision_name1=Maharashtra|Data9=}} | | Language = | ||
| subdivision type = | |||
| Subdivision_name = | |||
| Subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = India | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | |||
| Subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra | |||
| Data9 = | |||
}} | |||
'''Marathwada''' ({{IPA-mr|məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa|Marathi}}) is a region of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Marathwada was formed during the [[Nizams]] and was part of the then [[Hyderabad State]]. The region coincides with the [[Aurangabad Division]] of Maharashtra. It borders the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], and it lies to the west of the [[Vidarbha]] and east of [[ | '''Marathwada'''({{IPA-mr|məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa|Marathi}}) is a region of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Marathwada was formed during the [[Nizams]] and was part of the then [[Hyderabad State]]. The region coincides with the [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad Division]] of Maharashtra. It borders the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], and it lies to the west of the [[Vidarbha]] and east of [[North Maharashtra]] regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is [[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]]. Its people speak [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
Marathwada has total area of 64590 km<sup>2</sup> and had a population of 18,731,872 at the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Population Census data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.}} | Marathwada has total area of 64590 km<sup>2</sup> and had a population of 18,731,872 at the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Population Census data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.}} | ||
{{Pie chart | |||
|caption = Languages of Marathwada (2011) | |||
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 77.98 |color1 = red | |||
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 9.56 |color2 = green | |||
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 6.49 |color3 = orange | |||
|label4 = [[Lambadi]] |value4 = 3.20 |color4 = khaki | |||
|label5 = Others |value5 = 2.77 |color5 = grey | |||
}} | |||
At the time of the 2011 census, the territory making up Marathwada had a variety of languages. 77.98% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 9.56% [[Urdu]], 6.49% [[Hindi]] and 3.20% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> | |||
==Under Nizams rule== | ==Under Nizams rule== | ||
The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also [[Hyderabad State]] took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways([[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in [[Khuldabad]]. | The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also [[Hyderabad State]] took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways ([[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay(now Mumbai) via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in [[Khuldabad]]. | ||
Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.<ref name=Nizam>{{cite web|title=MAU|url=http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|publisher=mkv|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.<ref name=Nizam>{{cite web|title=MAU|url=http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|publisher=mkv|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
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==Cities and districts== | ==Cities and districts== | ||
===Major cities of Marathwada region=== | ===Major cities of Marathwada region=== | ||
All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with | All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with Sambhaji Nagar having 1.1 million inhabitants per the 2011 census. | ||
*[[Aurangabad]] | *[[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]] | ||
*[[Nanded]] | *[[Nanded]] | ||
*[[Latur]] | *[[Latur]] | ||
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*[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] | *[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] | ||
*[[Beed]] | *[[Beed]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Dharashiv]] | ||
===Districts=== | ===Districts=== | ||
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*[[Latur district|Latur]] | *[[Latur district|Latur]] | ||
*[[Nanded district|Nanded]] | *[[Nanded district|Nanded]] | ||
*[[Osmanabad district| | *[[Osmanabad district|Dharashiv]] | ||
*[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | *[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] | ||
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[[File:Cave 26, Ajanta.jpg|thumb|Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]] in cave number 26]] | [[File:Cave 26, Ajanta.jpg|thumb|Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]] in cave number 26]] | ||
[[File:Bibi ka Maqbara.JPG|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], also known as mini | [[File:Bibi ka Maqbara.JPG|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], also known as mini Taj Mahal]] | ||
[[File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|thumb|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded|[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]]] | [[File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|thumb|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded|[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]]] | ||
The state government recognises Aurangabad as the "Tourism Capital of Maharashtra".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/headlines.php |title=World News Headlines |publisher=Newkerala.com |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> There are various [[Tourist attractions in | The state government recognises [[Aurangabad|Sambhaji Nagar]] (formerly known Aurangabad) as the "[[Aurangabad|Tourism Capital of Maharashtra]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/headlines.php |title=World News Headlines |publisher=Newkerala.com |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> There are various [[List of tourist attractions in Aurangabad|Tourist attractions in Sambhaji Nagar]]. Other places visited by tourists are: | ||
{{columns-list| | {{columns-list| | ||
* [[Ajanta Caves]] | * [[Ajanta Caves]] | ||
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* [[Parli, Maharashtra|Parli]] | * [[Parli, Maharashtra|Parli]] | ||
* [[Tuljapur]] | * [[Tuljapur]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Yogeshwari]], [[Mukundraj]], [[Ambajogai]] | ||
* [[Dharur, Beed]] | * [[Dharur, Beed]] | ||
* [[Samarth Ramdas|Jamb samarth]], [[Jalna district]] | * [[Samarth Ramdas|Jamb samarth]], [[Jalna district]] | ||
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==Education== | ==Education== | ||
[[File:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.JPG|right|thumb|[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], Aurangabad]] | [[File:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.JPG|right|thumb|[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], [[Aurangabad|Sambhaji Nagar]] ]] | ||
Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad, Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. | Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad (now Sambhaji Nagar), Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai. | ||
The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. | The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College. | ||
It also has three major universities, being [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] at | It also has three major universities, being [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] at Sambhaji Nagar, [[Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University]] at [[Parbhani]], and [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]] at Nanded.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} | ||
The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of [[Hyderabad state]] was laid by the by the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] ''[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'' with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in [[Parbhani]]. During the [[Nizam]]'s rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After [[Independence of India|independence]], this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as [[Marathwada Agriculture University]] on 18 May 1972.<ref name="Nizam"/> | The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of [[Hyderabad state]] was laid by the by the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] ''[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'' with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in [[Parbhani]]. During the [[Nizam]]'s rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After [[Independence of India|independence]], this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as [[Marathwada Agriculture University]] on 18 May 1972.<ref name="Nizam"/> The [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[Mumbai]] (formerly know as UDCT) has a satellite campus located in [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] which was established in 2018. | ||
==Droughts and suicide of farmers== | ==Droughts and suicide of farmers== | ||