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Mandalika I: Difference between revisions
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox monarch | {{Infobox monarch | ||
|name = Mandalika I | | name = Mandalika I | ||
|title = Ra of Saurashtra | | title = Ra of Saurashtra | ||
|image = | | image = | ||
|caption = | | caption = | ||
|reign1 =1294–1306 CE | | reign1 = 1294–1306 CE | ||
| era name | | era name = [[Vikram Samvat]] | ||
| era dates | | era dates = 1350–1362 | ||
|coronation = | | coronation = | ||
|full name = | | full name = | ||
|other name= | | other name = | ||
|predecessor1 = | | predecessor1 = | ||
|successor1 =[[Navaghana]] | | successor1 = [[Navaghana]] | ||
|predecessor2 = | | predecessor2 = | ||
|successor2 = | | successor2 = | ||
|spouse = | | spouse = | ||
|issue =Rupa, [[Navaghana]], [[Mahipala I (Chudasama dynasty)|Mahipala I]]{{efn-ua|Navaghana and Mahipala are also mentioned as father and son.<ref name="Parikh"/>}} | | issue = Rupa, [[Navaghana]], [[Mahipala I (Chudasama dynasty)|Mahipala I]]{{efn-ua|Navaghana and Mahipala are also mentioned as father and son.<ref name="Parikh"/>}} | ||
|royal house = | | royal house = | ||
|dynasty =[[ | | dynasty = [[Abhira]] | ||
|father = Yashodhavala | | father = Yashodhavala | ||
|mother = Priyamaladevi | | mother = Priyamaladevi | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = | ||
| death_date = | | death_date = | ||
| death_place = | | death_place = | ||
| burial_place = | | burial_place = | ||
|religion = [[Hinduism]] | | religion = [[Hinduism]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mandalika I''' was a [[ | '''Mandalika I''' was a [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Munshi|first=Kanaiyalal Maneklal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oAVAAAAMAAJ&q=abhira+king+mandalika|title=Somanatha, the Shrine Eternal|date=1976|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Seth|first=Krishna Narain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ&q=+abhira|title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa|date=1978|publisher=Progress Publishers|language=en}}</ref>king of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE ([[Vikram Samvat|VS]] 1350 to VS 1362). His capital was at [[Junagadh]]. | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi ([[Chandravanshi]]) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]] family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of Mehar race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son [[Mahipala I]] respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family.<ref name="ins5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=March 1939|volume=2|pages= | The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi ([[Chandravanshi]]) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]] family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of [[Mer (community)|Mehar]] race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son [[Mahipala I]] respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family, a Mer dynasty based in [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]].<ref name="ins5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=March 1939|volume=2|pages=731–732, 735|chapter=Inscriptions of Kathiawad: No. 27, 29}}</ref> | ||
The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The [[Sutrapada]] inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362.<ref name="ins5"/> | The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The [[Sutrapada]] inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362.<ref name="ins5"/> | ||
During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat was conquered]] by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]], the generals of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]]. Ulugh Khan also destroyed [[Somnath temple]] which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from [[Ghogha]] to [[Madhavpur Ghed|Madhavapur]]. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near [[Damodar Kund]], Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims).<ref name="ins4">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=December 1939|volume=2|pages= | During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat was conquered]] by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]], the generals of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]]. Ulugh Khan also destroyed [[Somnath temple]] which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from [[Ghogha]] to [[Madhavpur Ghed|Madhavapur]]. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near [[Damodar Kund]], Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims).<ref name="ins4">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=December 1939|volume=2|pages=602–603|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 68}}</ref><ref name="Pandey1987">{{cite book|author=Shiv Narayan Pandey|title=Śaivite Temples and Sculptures at Somanātha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_HVAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan|page=23}}</ref> The inscription at the Neminath Temple (c. VS 1510/c. 1454 CE) on [[Girnar]] mentions that he had adorned the Neminath temple with gold plates.<ref name="ins2">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad#page/n93/mode/2up/search/Khengar+Mahal|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=June 1940|volume=2|pages=116–117|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 77}}</ref> Mandalika I was succeeded by his son [[Navaghana]].<ref name="Parikh">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1977GujaratnoRajkiyaAneSanskrutikItihasVol5SaltanatKaal257D/page/n5|title=ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ|publisher=Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research|year=1977|editor-last=Parikh|editor-first=Rasiklal Chhotalal|editor-link=Rasiklal Parikh|series=Research Series - Book No. 71|volume=V|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=157|trans-title=Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era|editor-last2=Shastri|editor-first2=Hariprasad Gangashankar|editor-link2=Hariprasad Shastri|language=gu}}</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:02, 3 April 2022
| Mandalika I | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ra of Saurashtra | |||||
| Reign | 1294–1306 CE | ||||
| Successor | Navaghana | ||||
| Issue | Rupa, Navaghana, Mahipala I[upper-alpha 1] | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Abhira | ||||
| Father | Yashodhavala | ||||
| Mother | Priyamaladevi | ||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||
Mandalika I was a Abhira[2][3]king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE (VS 1350 to VS 1362). His capital was at Junagadh.
Reign[edit]
The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi (Chandravanshi) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of Suryavanshi family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of Mehar race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son Mahipala I respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family, a Mer dynasty based in Talaja.[4]
The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The Sutrapada inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362.[4]
During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, Gujarat was conquered by Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan Jalesari, the generals of Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji. Ulugh Khan also destroyed Somnath temple which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by Mahmud of Ghazni in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from Ghogha to Madhavapur. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near Damodar Kund, Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims).[5][6] The inscription at the Neminath Temple (c. VS 1510/c. 1454 CE) on Girnar mentions that he had adorned the Neminath temple with gold plates.[7] Mandalika I was succeeded by his son Navaghana.[1]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal; Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar, eds. (1977). ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ [Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in ગુજરાતી). Vol. V. Ahmedabad: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. p. 157.
- ↑ Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal (1976). Somanatha, the Shrine Eternal. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- ↑ Seth, Krishna Narain (1978). The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa. Progress Publishers.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Diskalkar, D. B. (March 1939). "Inscriptions of Kathiawad: No. 27, 29". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 731–732, 735.
- ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (December 1939). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 68". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 602–603.
- ↑ Shiv Narayan Pandey (1987). Śaivite Temples and Sculptures at Somanātha. Ramanand Vidya Bhawan. p. 23.
- ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (June 1940). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 77". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 116–117.