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{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Satnami|the Satnami movement of Chhattisgarh|Satnampanth}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
The '''Sadh''' are a [[Hindu]] community, found mainly in [[North India]], traditionally associated with textile dyeing and calico printing. They are found mainly in [[Uttar Pradesh]], concenterated in [[Farrukhabad District]], with small numbers also found in [[Saharanpur]], [[Mirzapur]]. [[Meerut]] and [[Bareilly]] districts.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications</ref>


The '''Sadhs''' (साध) are a minority sect in India.
==History and origin==


=={{ anchor | Satnami revolt | Satnami rebellion | Satnami vidroh | Satnami war | Satnami revolt against Aurganzeb | Satnami revolt against mughals}} History==
The term Sadh is derived from [[sadhu]], which means a mediator. There are two sub-divisions in the community, the Shamme and Vidhi.<ref name=POI>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications</ref> The Shamme are those who strictly follow their religion, while members of the Vidhi division do not adhere religious sanction.<ref name=POI/> The sect is said to be  founded by ''Birbhan sadhji'' in Bijesar, a village near [[Narnaul]], [[Haryana]] in the year 1543 CE. They use the name ''Satnami'' to call upon the God. Hence, they call themselves as ''Satnamis''.<ref name="Hastings2003">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|author-link=George Abraham Grierson|editor-last=Hastings|editor-first=James|editor-link=James Hastings|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics]]|title=Sadhs|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Encyclopedia_of_Religion_and_Ethics_Volume_11.pdf&page=70|date=1908|publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]]|volume=XI: Sacrifice-Sudra|location=New York|pages=46–47}}</ref>According to M. A. Sherring, he may have been influenced by the teachings of [[Ravidas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Ramdas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STw9LQtx89oC |title=Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable Religion in Central India |date=2002-08-29 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-5385-8 |language=en}}</ref> This sect is thought to be an offshoot of [[Ravidassia|Ravidasi sect]] and composed of lower strata of the Hindu society, particularly farmers, carpenters, goldsmiths etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Ramdas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STw9LQtx89oC |title=Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable Religion in Central India |date=2002-08-29 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-5385-8 |language=en}}</ref>
The sect was formed by ''Birbhan sadhji'' in Bijesar, a village near [[Narnaul]], [[Haryana]] in the year 1543 CE. They use the name ''Satnami'' to call upon the God. Hence, they call themselves as ''Satnamis''.<ref name="Hastings2003">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|author-link=George Abraham Grierson|editor-last=Hastings|editor-first=James|editor-link=James Hastings|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics]]|title=Sadhs|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Encyclopedia_of_Religion_and_Ethics_Volume_11.pdf&page=70|date=1908|publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]]|volume=XI: Sacrifice-Sudra|location=New York|pages=46–47}}</ref> Group or gathering of Sadh's is pronounced as "Sangat" संगत.  


Satnami revolt was a major rebellion against [[Aurangzeb]], the Mughal Emperor, occurred in [[Narnaul]] and surrounding localities in the year 1672, which was led by ''Sadh'' people. The revolt was caused by the oppression led by the revenue officials of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor.<ref name="Hastings2003" /> The absence from North India of the major proportion of royal troops helped the revolting people to establish a temporary gain and the movement of rebels towards Delhi became a matter of serious concern for the emperor himself. A large reinforcement was sent to contain the revolt and in the following battle thousands of rebels were killed.<ref name="Hastings2003"/><ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61973 |Chapter XV</ref>
==Present circumstances==
 
The Sadh speciliaze in printing on colour and silk cloth. The community is now involved in the retail side of this industry.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1230 Manohar Publications</ref>
 
The Sadh have traditional [[caste]] councils, and these councils resolve any disputes within the community. They are an edogamous community, and follow the principle of [[gotra]] exogamy, a practice common among all [[North Indian]] [[Hindu]] community.
 
The Sadh are [[Hindu]], and followers of the [[Satnami]] sect. They are a vegatarian community.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Sant Kabir]]
 
* [[Kori (people)|Kori]]
* [[Patwa]]
* [[Momin Ansari]]
* [[Dhagi]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Hindu denominations]]
[[Category:Bhakti-era Hindu sects]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Weaving communities of South Asia]]
[[Category:Weaving communities of South Asia]]

Latest revision as of 20:41, 23 July 2023

For other uses, see Sadh (disambiguation).
"Satnami" redirects here. For the Satnami movement of Chhattisgarh, see Satnampanth.

The Sadh are a Hindu community, found mainly in North India, traditionally associated with textile dyeing and calico printing. They are found mainly in Uttar Pradesh, concenterated in Farrukhabad District, with small numbers also found in Saharanpur, Mirzapur. Meerut and Bareilly districts.[1]

History and origin[edit]

The term Sadh is derived from sadhu, which means a mediator. There are two sub-divisions in the community, the Shamme and Vidhi.[2] The Shamme are those who strictly follow their religion, while members of the Vidhi division do not adhere religious sanction.[2] The sect is said to be founded by Birbhan sadhji in Bijesar, a village near Narnaul, Haryana in the year 1543 CE. They use the name Satnami to call upon the God. Hence, they call themselves as Satnamis.[3]According to M. A. Sherring, he may have been influenced by the teachings of Ravidas.[4] This sect is thought to be an offshoot of Ravidasi sect and composed of lower strata of the Hindu society, particularly farmers, carpenters, goldsmiths etc.[5]

Present circumstances[edit]

The Sadh speciliaze in printing on colour and silk cloth. The community is now involved in the retail side of this industry.[6]

The Sadh have traditional caste councils, and these councils resolve any disputes within the community. They are an edogamous community, and follow the principle of gotra exogamy, a practice common among all North Indian Hindu community.

The Sadh are Hindu, and followers of the Satnami sect. They are a vegatarian community.[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications
  3. ↑ Grierson, George Abraham (1908). "Sadhs". In Hastings, James (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol. XI: Sacrifice-Sudra. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 46–47.
  4. ↑ Lamb, Ramdas (29 August 2002). Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable Religion in Central India. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5385-8.
  5. ↑ Lamb, Ramdas (29 August 2002). Rapt in the Name: The Ramnamis, Ramnam, and Untouchable Religion in Central India. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5385-8.
  6. ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1230 Manohar Publications
  7. ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1229 Manohar Publications
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