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Sashastra Seema Bal: Difference between revisions
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox law enforcement agency | ||
|agencyname | | agencyname = Sashastra Seema Bal | ||
|commonname = | | commonname = | ||
|logo | | nativenamea = {{lang|hi|सशस्त्र सीमा बल}} | ||
|logocaption | | logo = [[File:Sashastra Seema Bal.svg|120px]] | ||
|abbreviation | | logocaption = [[Emblem]] of the Sashastra Seema Bal | ||
|imagesize | | flag = Sashastra Seema Bal Flag.svg | ||
|motto | | flagcaption = Flag of Sashastra Seema Bal | ||
|formed | | abbreviation = SSB | ||
|legalpersonality = | | imagesize = | ||
|country | | motto = ''Service, Security and Brotherhood'' | ||
|countryabbr | | formed = {{Start date and age|1963|12|20|df=yes}} | ||
|federal | | legalpersonality = | ||
|governingbody | | country = India | ||
|constitution1 | | countryabbr = India | ||
|speciality1 | | federal = Yes | ||
|headquarters | | governingbody = Ministry of Home Affairs (India) | ||
|electeetype | | constitution1 = [https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/SSB-Act2007_0.pdf The Sashastra Seema Bal Act, 2007] | ||
|minister1name | | speciality1 = | ||
|minister1pfo | | headquarters = [[New Delhi]] | ||
|chief1name = | | electeetype = Minister | ||
|chief1position | | minister1name = [[Amit Shah]] | ||
|parentagency | | minister1pfo = Union Home Minister | ||
|website | | chief1name = S. L. Thaosen<ref>{{cite news |title=Centre elevates top IPS officer SL Thaosen as SSB chief |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/centre-elevates-top-ips-officer-sl-thaosen-as-ssb-chief-zulfiquar-hasan-named-new-dg-bcas/91929232 |access-date=13 June 2022 |work=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
|budget | | chief1position = [[Director general of police|Director General]] | ||
|employees | | parentagency = [[Central Armed Police Forces]] | ||
| website = {{URL|www.ssb.nic.in}} | |||
| budget = {{INRConvert|7653.73|c|1}} <small>(2022–23)</small><ref>{{Cite news|title=Rs 1.85 lakh crore allocation to MHA in budget|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/rs-1-85-lakh-crore-allocation-to-mha-in-budget/articleshow/89275279.cms|access-date=2022-02-01}}</ref> | |||
| employees = 94,261 active personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lsid=37&lev=2&lid=9&langid=1&Cid=0|title=Force Profile- SSB Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India|website=ssb.nic.in}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
'''Sashastra Seema Bal''' ('''SSB''') is a border guarding force of India deployed along its border with [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]]. It is one of the [[Central Armed Police Forces]] under the administrative control of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] (MHA). | '''Sashastra Seema Bal''' ('''SSB''') is a border guarding force of India deployed along its border with [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]]. It is one of the five [[Central Armed Police Forces]] under the administrative control of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] (MHA). | ||
The force was originally set up under the name '''Special | The force was originally set up under the name '''Special Service Bureau''' in 1963 in the aftermath of the [[Sino-Indian War]] to strengthen India's border areas against enemy operations. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Sashastra Seema Bal was originally set up under the name '''Special | The Sashastra Seema Bal was originally set up under the name '''Special Service Bureau''' (abbreviated SSB) on 15 March 1963 (current raising day is 20 December, after the date of presidential assent to the SSB Act, 2007), following the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962. The primary task of the force was to provide armed support to the foreign intelligence division of [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], which later became [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (after its creation in 1968). The secondary objective was to inculcate feelings of national belonging in the border population and assist them in developing their capabilities for resistance through a continuous process of motivation, training, development, welfare programmes and activities in the then [[North-East Frontier Agency|NEFA]], [[North Assam]] (the northern areas of the Indian state of [[Assam]]), [[North Bengal]] (the northern areas of the Indian State of [[West Bengal]]) and the hills of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Ladakh]]. The programme was later extended to [[Manipur]], [[Tripura]], [[Jammu]] in 1965; [[Meghalaya]] in 1975; [[Sikkim]] in 1976; the border areas of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]] in 1989; Manipur, Mizoram and further areas of Rajasthan as well as Gujarat in 1988; South Bengal (the southern areas of West Bengal); [[Nagaland]] in 1989; and the [[Nubra Valley]], [[Rajouri]] and the [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]] district of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1991.<ref name="ssb.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.ssb.nic.in/index.asp?linkid=59&sublinkid=32 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090409223116/http%3A//www.ssb.nic.in/index.html |archive-date=9 April 2009}}</ref> | ||
Its primary purpose was to counter an act of aggression by the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]]. The previous thinking had been that, militarily, the Chinese were "superior" to India and in the event of a war, the Chinese might attempt to overwhelm Indian forces. So, in 1963, a unique force was created, which would, in the event of such an attempt by the Chinese to invade and occupy Indian territory, merge with the border population, donning civilian attire, working a [[parallel administration]] and carry out the war of India with the help of [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla tactics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssb.nic.in/|title=Sashastra Seema Bal, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India|website=ssb.nic.in}}</ref> | Its primary purpose was to counter an act of aggression by the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]]. The previous thinking had been that, militarily, the Chinese were "superior" to India and in the event of a war, the Chinese might attempt to overwhelm Indian forces. So, in 1963, a unique force was created, which would, in the event of such an attempt by the Chinese to invade and occupy Indian territory, merge with the border population, donning civilian attire, working a [[parallel administration]] and carry out the war of India with the help of [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla tactics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssb.nic.in/|title=Sashastra Seema Bal, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India|website=ssb.nic.in}}</ref> | ||
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The SSB model proved an enormous success, evident by what it had achieved in training the [[Mukti Bahini]] in [[Bangladesh]] and other places, COIN Op's in the north-east and in its ability to provide security at high peaks during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] as well as during the [[Kargil War]]. | The SSB model proved an enormous success, evident by what it had achieved in training the [[Mukti Bahini]] in [[Bangladesh]] and other places, COIN Op's in the north-east and in its ability to provide security at high peaks during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] as well as during the [[Kargil War]]. | ||
In 2001, the SSB was transferred to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] from R&AW and assigned the duties of manning the [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] borders. The SSB was renamed the Sashastra Seema Bal, in accordance with its new role, and came under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. This was done after the Kargil War with the adoption of the "one border one force concept". | |||
The SSB claims to have presented a "benign face" of the government in border areas and that this was appreciated by the people of those areas.<ref>[http://india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=14 Sashastra Seema Bal], india.gov.in. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507004042/http://india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=14 |date=7 May 2012 }}</ref> | The SSB claims to have presented a "benign face" of the government in border areas and that this was appreciated by the people of those areas.<ref>[http://india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=14 Sashastra Seema Bal], india.gov.in. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507004042/http://india.gov.in/govt/armedforces.php?id=14 |date=7 May 2012 }}</ref> | ||
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SSB is also engaged in Counter-Insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir and Anti-naxal operations in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. It is also performing internal security duties i.e. Election duties and law and order duties in different parts of India. | SSB is also engaged in Counter-Insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir and Anti-naxal operations in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. It is also performing internal security duties i.e. Election duties and law and order duties in different parts of India. | ||
SSB celebrated the year 2013 as Golden Jubilee year marking 50 years of its raising. The celebrations have commenced with the Flag-off of a Mount Everest Expedition on 2 April 2013 from Delhi. The team led by Commandant Somit Joshi successfully reached at the peak at about 9:45 a.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 21 May 2013 to commemorate the 50th anniversary. | SSB celebrated the year 2013 as Golden Jubilee year marking 50 years of its raising. The celebrations have commenced with the Flag-off of a Mount Everest Expedition on 2 April 2013 from Delhi. The team led by Commandant Somit Joshi successfully reached at the peak at about 9:45 a.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 21 May 2013 to commemorate the 50th anniversary. | ||
In 2014, the government of India approved the recruitment of women as combat officers in SSB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-government-approves-women-recruitment-as-combat-officers-in-sashastra-seema-bal-4579919-NOR.html|title=Government approves women recruitment as 'combat officers' in Sashastra Seema Bal|date=13 April 2014}}</ref> | In 2014, the government of India approved the recruitment of women as combat officers in SSB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-government-approves-women-recruitment-as-combat-officers-in-sashastra-seema-bal-4579919-NOR.html|title=Government approves women recruitment as 'combat officers' in Sashastra Seema Bal|date=13 April 2014}}</ref> | ||
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==Organisation== | ==Organisation== | ||
Prior to 2001, the force was known as the Special Service Bureau (SSB). As per its revised role, the uniform wing worked under the operational command of civilian officers. It was in 1985 that a 15% quota of Area Organisers, for promotion to the rank of [[Deputy Inspector General|Deputy Inspector-General]], was given to the Commandants of the uniform wing. The civil wing worked in the Area of Operations (AOPs) along the Indo-Tibet and Indo-Pakistan border. Recruitment in uniform wing would be from among Indian youth of the border area who have undergone advanced training in guerrilla warfare and also selected by the respective operational commander such as by the Divisional Organiser, Area Organiser, Sub-Area Organiser and Circle Organiser. | Prior to 2001, the force was known as the Special Service Bureau (SSB). As per its revised role, the uniform wing worked under the operational command of civilian officers. It was in 1985 that a 15% quota of Area Organisers, for promotion to the rank of [[Deputy Inspector General|Deputy Inspector-General]], was given to the Commandants of the uniform wing. The civil wing worked in the Area of Operations (AOPs) along the Indo-Tibet and Indo-Pakistan border. Recruitment in uniform wing would be from among Indian youth of the border area who have undergone advanced training in guerrilla warfare and also selected by the respective operational commander such as by the Divisional Organiser, Area Organiser, Sub-Area Organiser and Circle Organiser. | ||
The Divisional Organiser was equivalent in rank to that of Inspector-General of Police, specifically earmarked for the respective AOPs to which they belonged and were activated by. The repercussions of the closure of the old role have been debated and deliberated in the defence establishments and now the relevance of the old role of SSB has been realised for the security of the border area, as such a role is likely to be revived. | The Divisional Organiser was equivalent in rank to that of Inspector-General of Police, specifically earmarked for the respective AOPs to which they belonged and were activated by. The repercussions of the closure of the old role have been debated and deliberated in the defence establishments and now the relevance of the old role of SSB has been realised for the security of the border area, as such a role is likely to be revived. | ||
[[File:Sankar Baruah receiving the ceremonial salute from the contingent of participant of 59th All India Police Hockey Championship organized by Sashastra Seema Bal, at Guwahati on March 12, 2011.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|305x305px|The All India Police Hockey Championship, organized by the Sahastra Seems Bal. Above, Sankar Baruah the DG of the Assam Police receives the ceremonial salute.]] | [[File:Sankar Baruah receiving the ceremonial salute from the contingent of participant of 59th All India Police Hockey Championship organized by Sashastra Seema Bal, at Guwahati on March 12, 2011.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|305x305px|The All India Police Hockey Championship, organized by the Sahastra Seems Bal. Above, Sankar Baruah, the DG of the Assam Police, receives the ceremonial salute.]] | ||
The highest-level headquarters of the force is Force Headquarters (FHQ), also called the Directorate-General of SSB, located in the Indian capital of [[New Delhi]]. Force Headquarters (FHQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of [[Director General|Director-General]]. The Director-General is assisted by the Additional Director-General. Various Directorates including Operations and Intelligence, Personnel and Training, Administration, Provisioning and Communication, Medical, as well as others, function under the DG. Each Directorate is headed by an IG and assisted by a DIG and other officers. | The highest-level headquarters of the force is Force Headquarters (FHQ), also called the Directorate-General of SSB, located in the Indian capital of [[New Delhi]]. Force Headquarters (FHQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of [[Director General|Director-General]]. The Director-General is assisted by the Additional Director-General. Various Directorates including Operations and Intelligence, Personnel and Training, Administration, Provisioning and Communication, Medical, as well as others, function under the DG. Each Directorate is headed by an IG and assisted by a DIG and other officers. | ||
Frontier Headquarters (FTR HQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General (IG), who is placed next in the [[command hierarchy|chain of command]] after the FHQ. FTR HQR, in turn, exercises command and control over the sector HQs. | Frontier Headquarters (FTR HQ) is commanded by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General (IG), who is placed next in the [[command hierarchy|chain of command]] after the FHQ. FTR HQR, in turn, exercises command and control over the sector HQs. | ||
The SSB Battalion, is commanded by an officer of the rank of Commandant and who is assisted by officers of the rank of Second-in-Command, Deputy Commandant and Assistant Commandant. The battalion is further divided into Companies and [[Border outpost|Border Out-Post (BOP).]] There are seven companies in a battalion, each company consisting of three border outposts. The company is commanded by an Assistant Commandants and the BOP is commanded by Sub-Inspectors.Each BOP consisting several Border check points. | The SSB Battalion, is commanded by an officer of the rank of Commandant and who is assisted by officers of the rank of Second-in-Command, Deputy Commandant and Assistant Commandant. The battalion is further divided into Companies and [[Border outpost|Border Out-Post (BOP).]] There are seven companies in a battalion, each company consisting of three border outposts. The company is commanded by an Assistant Commandants and the BOP is commanded by Sub-Inspectors.Each BOP consisting several Border check points. | ||
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Present rank structure is as follows: | Present rank structure is as follows: | ||
===Combatised wing=== | === Combatised wing === | ||
; '''Gazetted Officers (GOs)''' | |||
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" | |||
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}} | |||
# | {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)}} | ||
|} | |||
# | |||
; '''Non-Gazetted Officers (NGOs)''' | |||
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" | |||
|- style="background:#ccc;" | |||
! Rank group|| colspan=10| Junior commissioned officers || colspan=12| Non commissioned officer || colspan=14| Enlisted | |||
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (Sashastra Seema Bal)}} | |||
{{ | |} | ||
# | |||
# | |||
# | |||
{{ | |||
==Recruitment== | ==Recruitment== | ||
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== List of SSB Chiefs == | == List of SSB Chiefs == | ||
Before 2001, SSB was one of the four organisations under the Directorate General of Security and was headed by a Director. The Director reported to the Principal Director, DGS, who in his turn, reported to DG (Security). On shifting of SSB to the Ministry of Home Affairs, the post of Principal Director, DGS was shifted alongside as Director General, SSB. The post of Director, SSB got re-designated as Additional DG, SSB. Lists of Directors,<ref>[https://ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lid=14&lsid=48&pid=18&lev=2&langid=1&Cid=0 List of Directors and DsG, SSB]</ref> Principal Directors<ref>[https://www.ssb.nic.in/WriteReadData/LINKS/showimg%20(3)de12e506-ea33-49c3-8db8-cdca091b21e1.pdf List of Directors, SSB and Principal Directors, DGS]</ref> and Directors General are given below. | Before 2001, SSB was one of the four organisations under the Directorate General of Security and was headed by a Director. The Director reported to the Principal Director, DGS, who in his turn, reported to DG (Security). On shifting of SSB to the Ministry of Home Affairs, the post of Principal Director, DGS was shifted alongside as Director General, SSB. The post of Director, SSB got re-designated as Additional DG, SSB. Lists of Directors,<ref>[https://ssb.nic.in/index1.aspx?lid=14&lsid=48&pid=18&lev=2&langid=1&Cid=0 List of Directors and DsG, SSB]</ref> Principal Directors<ref>[https://www.ssb.nic.in/WriteReadData/LINKS/showimg%20(3)de12e506-ea33-49c3-8db8-cdca091b21e1.pdf List of Directors, SSB and Principal Directors, DGS]</ref> and Directors General are given below. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|6 | |6 | ||
|Prem Nath Kaul, IAS | |[[P. N. Kaul|Prem Nath Kaul]], IAS | ||
|24 October 1968 | |24 October 1968 | ||
|20 April 1972 | |20 April 1972 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|7 | |7 | ||
|Pitri Sharan Raturi, IPS | |[[Pitri Sharan Raturi]], IPS | ||
|28 June 1972 | |28 June 1972 | ||
|11 July 1977 | |11 July 1977 | ||
| Line 217: | Line 212: | ||
|13 November 1996 | |13 November 1996 | ||
|31 October 1997 | |31 October 1997 | ||
|originally IPS (15RR) | |originally IPS (15RR), then CRPF (1966) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|18 | |18 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|19 | |19 | ||
|Kumar Rajesh Chandra, IPS | |||
|11 January 2019 | |11 January 2019 | ||
|31 December 2021 | |||
|formerly, DG, Bureau of Civil Aviation Security | |||
|- | |||
|20 | |||
|Sanjay Arora, IPS | |||
|1 January 2022 | |||
|31 May 2022, in additional charge | |||
|concurrent with DG, ITBP | |||
|- | |||
|21 | |||
|Sujoy Lal Thaosen, IPS | |||
|1 June 2022 | |||
|Incumbent | |Incumbent | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||