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{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{short description|British philologist of Indian languages}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} | |||
[[Image:Gurkha inscription.JPG|right|thumb|200px| | [[Image:Gurkha inscription.JPG|right|thumb|200px| | ||
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''than you.''<br/> | ''than you.''<br/> | ||
Professor Sir Ralph Turner MC}}]] | Professor Sir Ralph Turner MC}}]] | ||
'''Sir Ralph Lilley Turner''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size | '''Sir Ralph Lilley Turner''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MC}} (5 October 1888 – 22 April 1983) was a [[England|British]] [[philologist]] of [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] and a university administrator. He is notable for composing an [[Proto-Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] comparative dictionary. He is also the author of some publications concerning the [[Romani language]]. | ||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
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In 1913, he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, [[Benares]]. From 1915 to 1919, he served with the 2nd battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]], winning the [[Military Cross]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. From 1920 to 1922, he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at [[Benares Hindu University]]. | In 1913, he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, [[Benares]]. From 1915 to 1919, he served with the 2nd battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]], winning the [[Military Cross]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. From 1920 to 1922, he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at [[Benares Hindu University]]. | ||
In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the ''Journal of the [[Gypsy Lore Society]]'', including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. From 1939 onwards he frequently warned the [[War Office]] that given the possibility of war with Japan it was essential to start training linguists immediately, but his warnings were ignored. It was only after the outbreak of war with Japan that, early in 1942, the War Office and the [[Board of Education]] put together a plan with SOAS for short courses in Japanese to meet wartime demands.<ref>Peter Kornicki, ''Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War with Japan'' (London: Hurst & Co., 2021), pp. | In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the ''Journal of the [[Gypsy Lore Society]]'', including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. From 1939 onwards he frequently warned the [[War Office]] that given the possibility of war with Japan it was essential to start training linguists immediately, but his warnings were ignored. It was only after the outbreak of war with Japan that, early in 1942, the [[War Office]] and the [[Board of Education (United Kingdom)|Board of Education]] put together a plan with SOAS for short courses in Japanese to meet wartime demands.<ref>Peter Kornicki, ''Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War with Japan'' (London: Hurst & Co., 2021), pp. 16–17, 49–50, 59.</ref> | ||
He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1950. His [[masterpiece|magnum opus]], the ''Comparative [[Dictionary]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]]'' was published in 1966. | He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1950. His [[masterpiece|magnum opus]], the ''Comparative [[Dictionary]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]]'' was published in 1966. | ||