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{{Short description|Tamil Hindu festival}} | {{Short description|Tamil Hindu festival}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}} | {{Infobox holiday| | ||
{{Infobox holiday | | | holiday_name = Thaipusam | ||
|holiday_name= Thaipusam | <br /> தைப்பூசம் | ||
<br /> தைப்பூசம் | | image = Thaipusam Murugan.jpg | ||
|image= Thaipusam Murugan.jpg | | caption = A statute of deity [[Murugan]] during Thaipusam in Malaysia. | ||
|caption= Murugan during Thaipusam in Malaysia. | | nickname = | ||
|nickname= | | observedby = [[Hindus]] in [[South India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Australia]], [[Kenya]], [[Russia]], [[Mauritius]] | ||
|observedby= [[ | | date = First [[Purnima]] that falls in the [[Tamil calendar|Thai month]]. | ||
| observances = | |||
|observances= | | celebrations = | ||
|celebrations= | | type = Tamil | ||
|type= Tamil | | longtype = Hindu | ||
|longtype= | | significance = A historical day of [[Murugan]]'s victory over [[Surapadman]] and his brothers. | ||
|significance= | | scheduling = First full moon in the month of Thai in the [[Tamil calendar]] | ||
|scheduling = First full moon in the month of Thai in the [[Tamil calendar]] | | date2023 = Sunday, 5 February | ||
| | | date2024 = Thursday, 25 January | ||
| | | alt = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}} | |||
'''Thaipusam''' or '''Thaipoosam''' ({{ | '''Thaipusam''' or '''Thaipoosam''' ({{Lang-ta|தைப்பூசம்|translit=Taippūcam}}) is a [[Tamil Hindu]] festival celebrated on the [[Amavasya|full moon]] of the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Thai'' (January/February), usually coinciding with [[Pushya]] star, known as Pusam in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. | ||
The festival commemorates the legend of the goddess [[Parvati]] offering her son, [[Murugan]] ([[Kartikeya]]) a [[vel]] (a divine spear) so he could vanquish the [[asura]] [[Śūrapadmā|Surapadman]] and his brothers. It is also commonly believed that Thaipusam marks Murugan's birthday; though some other sources suggest that the date of Vaikasi Visakam, which falls on the Vaikasi month (May/June), is Murugan's birthday.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vaikasi Visakam and Lord Murukan LALALALA |url=http://murugan.org/research/duraiswamy-vaikasi-visakam.htm |access-date=6 January 2011 |publisher=Murugan.org}}</ref> | |||
Thaipusam is mainly observed in countries where there is a significant presence of Tamil community such as India, [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allmalaysia.info/msiaknow/festivals/thaipusam/ |title=Malaysia : AllMalaysia.info has all you want to know about Malaysia |publisher=Allmalaysia.info |access-date=6 January 2011 |archive-date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323191334/http://allmalaysia.info/msiaknow/festivals/thaipusam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mauritius]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/discover/festivals.html|title=Festivals, Cultural Events and Public Holidays in Mauritius|publisher=Mauritius Tourism Authority|access-date=28 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120005942/http://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/discover/festivals.html|archive-date=20 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> as well as other places where ethnic [[Tamil people|Tamils]] reside as a part of the local [[Non-Resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin|Indian diaspora]] population such as Canada, [[Singapore]],<ref>[http://www.visitsingapore.com/festivals-events-singapore/cultural-festivals/thaipusam/ Thaipusam in Singapore].</ref> [[South Africa]], the United States, [[Réunion]], Indonesia, Thailand, [[Myanmar]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[Jamaica]] and the other parts of the [[Caribbean]]. | |||
It is a national holiday in many countries such as [[Malaysia]] and [[Mauritius]]. In India its a state holiday in [[Tamil Nadu]]. In certain states of [[Malaysia]] and in the nations of [[Mauritius]], it is also a government and a bank holiday.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} | |||
== | == Etymology == | ||
The name ''Thaipusam'' is a portmanteau of the name of the Tamil month of ''Thai'', and the name of the [[Nakshatra|star]], ''Pusam'', the Tamil rendering of the [[Sanskrit]] [[Pushya]]. This particular star is at its highest point during the festival. The name of the star is rendered Pooyam in [[Malayalam]]. | |||
==Legend== | |||
{{Hinduism}} | {{Hinduism}} | ||
{{ | According to the [[Skanda Purana|Kanda Puranam]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=Kanda+Puranam+Murugan+Surapadman&pg=PT1190 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=1190 |language=en}}</ref> the Tamil iteration of the Skanda Purana, three asuras (a race of celestial beings) named [[Śūrapadmā|Surapadman]], [[Tārakāsura|Tarakasuran]], Singamukhan performed austerities to propitiate [[Shiva]]. The deity granted them various boons, including the ability to conquer the three worlds, as well as immortality. The three brothers subsequently oppressed the celestial deities known as the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] and started a reign of injustice and tyranny in their respective realms. When the deities pleaded Shiva for his assistance, he manifested five additional heads, and a divine spark emerged from each of them. Each spark developed into a baby boy, raised by the maidens known as the ''krrtikas'' (personifications of the [[Pleiades]]). When they were embraced by Parvati, the six boys fused into one, and the six-headed Murugan was born. Parvati granted him a divine spear, known as the [[vel]]. Accompanied by [[Veerabaahu|Virabahu]], his commander-in-chief, the former's eight brothers, as well as the forces of the devas, the deity waged war on the asura brothers. In the final phase of the conflict, Murugan battled Surapadman, who employed his magical arts to fight the deity. Murugan split the asura in two with his divine spear. Having been granted immortality, the two halves of the asura transformed into a mango tree and retreated to the ocean, intending to overwhelm the earth. When the deity bisected the tree, the asura turned into a peacock and a rooster. Murugan decided to adopt the peacock as his [[Vahana|mount]], and take on the rooster as his [[Cock flag|flag]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Belle |first=Carl Vadivella |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kB1qDwAAQBAJ&dq=thaipusam+Surapadman&pg=PT189 |title=Thaipusam in Malaysia |date=2018-02-14 |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4786-66-9 |pages=189 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Juergensmeyer |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B105DQAAQBAJ&dq=Thaipusam+peacock+rooster&pg=PA1267 |title=Encyclopedia of Global Religion |last2=Roof |first2=Wade Clark |date=2012 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-2729-7 |pages=1267 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chwalkowski |first=Farrin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-22DQAAQBAJ&dq=Kartikeya+peacock+rooster&pg=PA476 |title=Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature |date=2016-12-14 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-5728-4 |pages=476 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Murugan is a deity associated with yogic discipline and austerities, and is regarded by his adherents to be capable of offering ''[[Moksha|mukti]]'' (spiritual liberation) to all those who venerate him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kesavapany |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohxqDwAAQBAJ&dq=thaipusam+festival&pg=PT349 |title=Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia |date=2003-08-01 |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4517-60-7 |pages=349 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== | ==Kavadi Attam== | ||
The ''[[Kavadi Attam]]'' ("''kavadi'' dance") is a ceremonial act of devotional sacrifice through dance, food offerings, and bodily [[self-mortification]]. It is often performed by devotees during the festival of Thaipusam in honor of [[Murugan]]. | The ''[[Kavadi Attam]]'' ("''kavadi'' dance") is a ceremonial act of devotional sacrifice through dance, food offerings, and bodily [[Mortification of the flesh|self-mortification]]. It is often performed by devotees during the festival of Thaipusam in honor of [[Murugan]]. The ''kavadi'' is a semicircular, decorated canopy supported by a wooden rod that the pilgrim carries on their shoulders to the temple. The devotee makes the pilgrimage (the ''nadai payanam'') with bare feet, bearing food offerings on the ''kavadi''. Depending on the location of the temple, this walk to the temple can take more than a week. The temple of Murugan in Palani is a popular destination, as it is one among the ''[[Six Abodes of Murugan|arupadai veedu]]'' ("six houses" - the sites sacred to Murugan). The Palani Murugan temple also has a reputation as a place of healing. Bogar (an ancient siddhar and devotee of Murugan) made the statue of Murugan in Palani, with the mixture of several sidhha medicines.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} | ||
Devotees prepare for the celebration by keeping their body always clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting before the Thaipusam. ''Kavadi''-bearers have to perform elaborate ceremonies at the time of assuming the ''kavadi'' and at the time of offering it to Murugan. The ''kavadi''-bearer observes celibacy and consumes only certain types of foods known as ''[[Sattva|satvik]]'' food, once a day, while continuously thinking of God. On the day of the festival, devotees shave their heads and undertake a pilgrimage along a set route, while engaging in various acts of devotion, notably carrying the various types of ''kavadi''. The devotees believe that worshiping lord Murugan every year in this way makes them physically and mentally healthy, and helps clear them of karmic debts they may have incurred.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} | Devotees prepare for the celebration by keeping their body always clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting before the Thaipusam. ''Kavadi''-bearers have to perform elaborate ceremonies at the time of assuming the ''kavadi'' and at the time of offering it to Murugan. The ''kavadi''-bearer observes celibacy and consumes only certain types of foods known as ''[[Sattva|satvik]]'' food, once a day, while continuously thinking of God. On the day of the festival, devotees shave their heads and undertake a pilgrimage along a set route, while engaging in various acts of devotion, notably carrying the various types of ''kavadi''. The devotees believe that worshiping lord Murugan every year in this way makes them physically and mentally healthy, and helps clear them of karmic debts they may have incurred.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} | ||
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A similar practice is performed by the [[Nagarathar]] community in [[Pazhani]], India. This is known as the [[Nagarathar Kavadi]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} | A similar practice is performed by the [[Nagarathar]] community in [[Pazhani]], India. This is known as the [[Nagarathar Kavadi]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} | ||
==Thaipusam in India== | == Thaipusam in India == | ||
In Palani Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani temple, 10 day Festival (Brahmotsavam) is held during Thaipusam. Thirukalyanam (Celestial Wedding) will be held on the day before Thaipusam. On Thaipusam, Therottam will be held. Lord Muthukumaraswamy will bless devotees in Thanga | {{Kaumaram}} | ||
In Palani Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani temple, 10 day Festival (Brahmotsavam) is held during Thaipusam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-22 |title=Thaipusam 2023 - Hindu Tamils Festival - Festival Traveller |url=https://festivler.com/festival/india/thaipusam-hindu-tamils/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Thirukalyanam (Celestial Wedding) will be held on the day before Thaipusam. On Thaipusam, Therottam will be held. Lord Muthukumaraswamy will bless devotees in Thanga Kuthirai Vahanam (Golden Horse), Periya Thanga Mayil Vahanam (Golden Peacock), Theppotsavam (Float Festival) during the 10 day festival. | |||
In Chidamabaram (Thillai) Panchamurthi Veedhi Ula, Thirthavari, Thaandava Darsanam Aarthi will be held on Thaipusam. In Madurai Sri Meenakshi Amman Temple, Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Theppotsavam (Float Festival) will be held at Mariammam Theppa Kulam. In Mylapore Kapaleeswarar Temple, 3 Day Theppotsavam will be held during Thaipusam Pournami.<ref>{{cite web|last1=K|first1=Kandaswamy|title=Thaipusam in Palani, Tamil Nadu (India)|url=https://skanda-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/when-is-thaipusam-thai-poosam-palani-pusam.html|website=Live Trend|publisher=K Kandaswamy|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> | In Chidamabaram (Thillai) Panchamurthi Veedhi Ula, Thirthavari, Thaandava Darsanam Aarthi will be held on Thaipusam. In Madurai Sri Meenakshi Amman Temple, Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Theppotsavam (Float Festival) will be held at Mariammam Theppa Kulam. In Mylapore Kapaleeswarar Temple, 3 Day Theppotsavam will be held during Thaipusam Pournami.<ref>{{cite web|last1=K|first1=Kandaswamy|title=Thaipusam in Palani, Tamil Nadu (India)|url=https://skanda-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/when-is-thaipusam-thai-poosam-palani-pusam.html|website=Live Trend|publisher=K Kandaswamy|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> | ||
In | In Sri Subrahmanya Swamy Temple of Bangalore, thaipoosam is conducted during this auspicious' month and day of every year. This is now more than 50 years (in 2019, they celebrated golden jubilee year) | ||
The festival is also observed as Thaipooyam Mahotsavam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thaipooyam Mahotsavam, Harippad, Festivals, Alappuzha festivals |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/thaipooyam-festival-haippad/46 |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=Kerala Tourism |language=en}}</ref> in the Shree Subrahmanya Temple in Alappuzha, Kerala. | |||
==Outside India== | ==Outside India== | ||
Outside India, Thaipusam celebrations also takes place in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, Mauritius, South Africa and Singapore.<ref> | Outside India, Thaipusam celebrations also takes place in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, Mauritius, South Africa and Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfestiva2/a/thaipusam.htm |title=Thaipusam celebrations in South East Asia. |access-date=19 November 2010 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075029/http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfestiva2/a/thaipusam.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
It is a public holiday in several states in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the temple at [[Batu Caves]], near [[Kuala Lumpur]] & [[Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang]] near [[George Town, Penang]] & [[Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang]] and Kallumalai Murugan Temple, Ipoh, Perak, often attracts over one million devotees and tens of thousands of tourists.<ref>[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/2/2/nation/16758526&sec=nation 1.3 million mark Thaipusam – Star newspaper.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403161059/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F2%2F2%2Fnation%2F16758526&sec=nation |date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> | It is a public holiday in several states in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the temple at [[Batu Caves]], near [[Kuala Lumpur]] & [[Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang]] near [[George Town, Penang]] & [[Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang]] and Kallumalai Murugan Temple, Ipoh, Perak, often attracts over one million devotees and tens of thousands of tourists.<ref>[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/2/2/nation/16758526&sec=nation 1.3 million mark Thaipusam – Star newspaper.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403161059/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F2%2F2%2Fnation%2F16758526&sec=nation |date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> | ||
In [[Singapore]], Hindu devotees start their procession at the [[Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple]] in the early morning, carrying milk pots as offerings or attaching "[[kavadi]]s" and spikes pierced on their body.<ref>{{cite web |last=Loh |first=Larry |url=http://www.cnngo.com/singapore/play/highlights-thaipusam-2010-700793 |title=Thaipusam 2010: Faith, ritual and body piercings |publisher=CNNGo.com |date=2 February 2010 |access-date=6 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614211128/http://www.cnngo.com/singapore/play/highlights-thaipusam-2010-700793 |archive-date=14 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The procession travels for 4 kilometres before finishing at Tank Road, [[Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, Singapore|Sri Thendayuthapani Temple]].<ref>{{cite | In [[Singapore]], Hindu devotees start their procession at the [[Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple]] in the early morning, carrying milk pots as offerings or attaching "[[kavadi]]s" and spikes pierced on their body.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Thaipusam in Singapore: Piercings and Hooks and Skewers, Oh My! |url= https://thetravelsisters.com/thaipusam-singapore-guide/ | date=2015-06-04|website=thetravelsisters.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Loh |first=Larry |url=http://www.cnngo.com/singapore/play/highlights-thaipusam-2010-700793 |title=Thaipusam 2010: Faith, ritual and body piercings |publisher=CNNGo.com |date=2 February 2010 |access-date=6 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614211128/http://www.cnngo.com/singapore/play/highlights-thaipusam-2010-700793 |archive-date=14 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The procession travels for 4 kilometres before finishing at Tank Road, [[Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, Singapore|Sri Thendayuthapani Temple]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Cheney S|title=8,000 Hindu devotees take part in Thaipusam festival|work=Channel News Asia|date=8 February 2009|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/407611/1/.html|access-date=10 February 2009|archive-date=23 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623212931/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/407611/1/.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>(1996) Pancorbo, Luis: "Los picados de Thaipusam" en "Fiestas del Mundo. Las máscaras de la Luna". pp. 85–93. Ediciones del Serbal. Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-7628-168-4}}</ref> | ||
Thaipusam | Thaipusam in [[Mauritius]] is celebrated with thousands of attendees taking [[Kavadi Aattam|Cavadee]]. While the festival is celebrated across the country, the grandest one is always at [[Kovil Montagne]] (Sri Siva Subramanya Thirukovil). | ||
While the festival is celebrated across the country, the grandest one is always at [[Kovil Montagne]] (Sri Siva Subramanya Thirukovil). | |||
Nestled in [[Corps de Garde]] Mountain in [[Quatre Bornes]], it was founded in 1890 by a humble and pious Tamil Indian immigrant, Velamurugan. | Nestled in [[Corps de Garde]] Mountain in [[Quatre Bornes]], it was founded in 1890 by a humble and pious Tamil Indian immigrant, Velamurugan. | ||
Also celebrated at nearby islands of [[Seychelles]] and [[Réunion|Reunion]] | Also celebrated at nearby islands of [[Seychelles]] and [[Réunion|Reunion]] | ||
Thaipusam [[Kavady]] ceremony is celebrated in cities of [[Durban]] ([[Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramonior Temple]] | Thaipusam [[Kavady]] ceremony is celebrated in cities of [[Durban]] ([[Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramoniar Temple|Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramonior Temple]], [[Cape Town]] and Shree Sivasubramaniar Alayam of [[Palm Ridge]] in [[South Africa]]. | ||
At [[Fiji]], the Thaipusam Festival is celebrated at Sri Siva Subrahmanya Swami Temple, [[Nadi]] Town. | At [[Fiji]], the Thaipusam Festival is celebrated at Sri Siva Subrahmanya Swami Temple, [[Nadi]] Town. | ||
In [[Indonesia]], the procession mainly held in the capital of [[North Sumatra]] province, [[Medan]]. On the eve of Thaipusam, the Hindus gathered together at ''Sree Soepramaniem Nagarattar Temple'' at ''Kejaksaan Road'' to accompanying a 125 years old [[chariot]] or locally known as ''Radhoo'' from the temple to the main temple | In [[Indonesia]], the procession mainly held in the capital of [[North Sumatra]] province, [[Medan]] and [[Palani Andawer Temple]], Aceh. On the eve of Thaipusam, the Hindus gathered together at ''Sree Soepramaniem Nagarattar Temple'' at ''Kejaksaan Road'' to accompanying a 125 years old [[chariot]] or locally known as ''Radhoo'' from the temple to the main temple | ||
nearby (about {{convert|2|-|3|km|mi|frac=2|disp=or}}) at [[Sri Mariamman Temple, Medan|Sri Mariamman Temple]] at [[Kampung Madras]] which opens 24-hours for the festival. The ''kavadi'' procession are also happening at the day, but it takes on different temples around Medan and other parts in the province depends on them celebrate it. | nearby (about {{convert|2|-|3|km|mi|frac=2|disp=or}}) at [[Sri Mariamman Temple, Medan|Sri Mariamman Temple]] at [[Kampung Madras]] which opens 24-hours for the festival. The ''kavadi'' procession are also happening at the day, but it takes on different temples around Medan and other parts in the province depends on them celebrate it. | ||
In the [[United States of America]], the Shiva Murugan Temple in [[Concord, California]] celebrates the Thaipoosam preceded by a walk. Some people walk more than {{convert|46|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the city of [[Fremont, California|Fremont]], some walk {{convert|21|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the city of [[San Ramon, California|San Ramon]] to Concord, and most walk {{convert|7|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from Walden Park in [[Walnut Creek, California|Walnut Creek]] to Concord. Over 2000 people participated in the walk for last several years.{{ | In the [[United States of America]], the Shiva Murugan Temple in [[Concord, California]] celebrates the Thaipoosam preceded by a walk. Some people walk more than {{convert|46|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the city of [[Fremont, California|Fremont]], some walk {{convert|21|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the city of [[San Ramon, California|San Ramon]] to Concord, and most walk {{convert|7|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} from Walden Park in [[Walnut Creek, California|Walnut Creek]] to Concord. Over 2000 people participated in the walk for last several years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Nirupama |date=2019-02-05 |title=Concord Temple Yatra: Unique Feat |url=https://indiacurrents.com/concord-temple-yatra-unique-feat/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=Best Indian American Magazine {{!}} San Jose CA {{!}} India Currents |language=en-US}}</ref> The temple also organizes walks on other Murugan Festivals such as Vaikasi Visakam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Concord Temple Walk |url=https://walk.temple.org/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=walk.temple.org}}</ref> | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths="140" heights="180"> | <gallery widths="140" heights="180"> | ||
File:Thaipusam3.jpg|Devotees carry ''''paal kudam'''' offerings at Thaipusam festival | |||
File:Batu Cave Thai Pusam 1985.jpg|Batu Caves, Malaysia during Thai Pusam 1985 | File:Batu Cave Thai Pusam 1985.jpg|Batu Caves, Malaysia during Thai Pusam 1985 | ||
File:Tusuk Tubuh Thaipusam.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration in [[Medan]], [[Indonesia]], 2016 | |||
File:Thaipusam in Mauritius - January 2011 (5372544017).jpg|Thaipusam in [[Mauritius]] | File:Thaipusam in Mauritius - January 2011 (5372544017).jpg|Thaipusam in [[Mauritius]] | ||
File:A day of devotion – Thaipusam in Singapore (4316108409).jpg|Thaipusam procession in [[Singapore]] | File:A day of devotion – Thaipusam in Singapore (4316108409).jpg|Thaipusam procession in [[Singapore]] | ||
File:Penang thaipusam Silver chariot.jpg|Silver chariot procession on Thaipusam eve in Penang, [[Malaysia]] | File:Penang thaipusam Silver chariot.jpg|Silver chariot procession on Thaipusam eve in Penang, [[Malaysia]] | ||
File:Penang thaipusam Kavadi procceession.jpg|Penang thaipusam kavadi procession | File:Penang thaipusam Kavadi procceession.jpg|Penang thaipusam kavadi procession | ||
File: Thaipusam Festival Singapore.webm|Thaipusam in Singapore. Video clip | File:Thaipusam Festival Singapore.webm|Thaipusam in Singapore. Video clip | ||
Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 01.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 01. | File:Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 01.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 01. | ||
Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 02.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 02 | File:Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 02.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 02 | ||
Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 03.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 03 | File:Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 03.jpg|Thaipusam Celebration In Malaysia 03 | ||
File:Paravai kavadi.jpeg|Kavadi offering during Thaipusam in Montreal, Canada. | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{HinduFestivals}} | {{HinduFestivals}} | ||
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[[Category:Kaumaram]] | [[Category:Kaumaram]] | ||
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]] | [[Category:Religious festivals in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hindu festivals in Nepal]] | ||
[[Category:Religious festivals in Malaysia]] | [[Category:Religious festivals in Malaysia]] | ||
[[Category:Religious festivals in Mauritius]] | [[Category:Religious festivals in Mauritius]] | ||