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Pump organ: Difference between revisions
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{{redirect-several|dab=off|Harmonium (disambiguation)|Melodeon (disambiguation)}} | {{redirect-several|dab=off|Harmonium (disambiguation)|Melodeon (disambiguation)}} | ||
[[File:John Church and Co. reed organ.jpg|thumb|John Church and Co. pump organ]] | [[File:John Church and Co. reed organ.jpg|thumb|John Church and Co. pump organ]] | ||
[[File:Lisa Alvarado Kongsberg Jazzfestival 2019 (194515).jpg|thumb |''Harmonium'', a hand-pumped organ, of the type used in South Asia, here used at a European jazz festival.]] | [[File:Lisa Alvarado Kongsberg Jazzfestival 2019 (194515).jpg|thumb|''Harmonium'', a hand-pumped organ, of the type used in South Asia, here used at a European jazz festival.]] | ||
The '''pump organ''' is a type of [[free reed aerophone|free-reed]] [[Organ (music)|organ]] that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed. Specific types of pump organ include the reed organ, harmonium, and melodeon. The idea for the free reed was imported from China through Russia after 1750, and the first Western free-reed instrument was made in 1780 in Denmark.<ref name=sachs1>{{cite book |title= The History of Musical Instruments |last=Sachs |first= Kurt |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |place= New York |date= 1940|pages= 184, 406–407 }}</ref><ref name=Kratzenstein>{{cite web |first= P. R. |last= Missin | url=http://www.patmissin.com/history/western.html | title=Western Free Reed Instruments| access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> | The '''pump organ''' is a type of [[free reed aerophone|free-reed]] [[Organ (music)|organ]] that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed. Specific types of pump organ include the reed organ, harmonium, and melodeon. The idea for the free reed was imported from China through Russia after 1750, and the first Western free-reed instrument was made in 1780 in Denmark.<ref name=sachs1>{{cite book |title= The History of Musical Instruments |last=Sachs |first= Kurt |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |place= New York |date= 1940|pages= 184, 406–407 }}</ref><ref name=Kratzenstein>{{cite web |first= P. R. |last= Missin | url=http://www.patmissin.com/history/western.html | title=Western Free Reed Instruments| access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Beatty's Parlor Organ ad 1882.jpg|thumb|left|Beatty's Parlor Organ, 1882]] | [[File:Beatty's Parlor Organ ad 1882.jpg|thumb|left|Beatty's Parlor Organ, 1882]] | ||
The term melodeon was applied to concert saloons in the Victorian American West because of the use of the reed instrument. The word became a common designation of that type of resort that offered entertainment to men. <ref> Asbury, Herbert, The Barbary Coast, (Alfred Knopf, 1933), 105</ref> | The term melodeon was applied to concert saloons in the Victorian American West because of the use of the reed instrument. The word became a common designation of that type of resort that offered entertainment to men.<ref>Asbury, Herbert, The Barbary Coast, (Alfred Knopf, 1933), 105</ref> | ||
Harmoniums reached the height of their popularity in the West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were especially popular in small [[Church (building)|churches]] and [[chapel]]s where a [[pipe organ]] would be too large or expensive; in the funeral-''in-absentia'' scene from [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'', the protagonist narrates that the church procured a "melodeum" (a conflation, likely intended by Twain for satirical effect{{cn|date=August 2020}}, of the names "melodeon" and "harmonium") for the occasion. Harmoniums generally weigh less than similar sized [[piano]]s and are not easily damaged in transport, thus they were also popular throughout the [[colonies]] of the European powers in this period not only because it was easier to ship the instrument out to where it was needed, but it was also easier to transport overland in areas where good-quality roads and railways may have been non-existent. An added attraction of the harmonium in tropical regions was that the instrument held its tune regardless of heat and humidity, unlike the piano. This "export" market was sufficiently lucrative for manufacturers to produce harmoniums with cases impregnated with chemicals to prevent [[woodworm]] and other damaging organisms found in the tropics.{{cn|date=August 2020}} | Harmoniums reached the height of their popularity in the West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were especially popular in small [[Church (building)|churches]] and [[chapel]]s where a [[pipe organ]] would be too large or expensive; in the funeral-''in-absentia'' scene from [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'', the protagonist narrates that the church procured a "melodeum" (a conflation, likely intended by Twain for satirical effect{{cn|date=August 2020}}, of the names "melodeon" and "harmonium") for the occasion. Harmoniums generally weigh less than similar sized [[piano]]s and are not easily damaged in transport, thus they were also popular throughout the [[colonies]] of the European powers in this period not only because it was easier to ship the instrument out to where it was needed, but it was also easier to transport overland in areas where good-quality roads and railways may have been non-existent. An added attraction of the harmonium in tropical regions was that the instrument held its tune regardless of heat and humidity, unlike the piano. This "export" market was sufficiently lucrative for manufacturers to produce harmoniums with cases impregnated with chemicals to prevent [[woodworm]] and other damaging organisms found in the tropics.{{cn|date=August 2020}} | ||