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'''Kolhapur''' ({{Audio|Kolhapur.ogg}}) is a historic and ancient holy city situated in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], India. Situated on the banks of river [[Panchganga River|Panchganga]], Kolhapur is the largest city in Southern Maharashtra, and a prominent city in Paschim Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarter of [[Kolhapur district]]. Prior to Indian independence, Kolhapur was a 19 gun salute princely state ([[Kolhapur State]]) ruled by the [[Bhosale]] [[Chhatrapati]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. Kolhapur is known for world famous leather [[Kolhapuri chappal]]. Also known as paytans, these are known for its simple styles, quality of leather and design. Different artisans all over the city make these exquisite chappals. The city is also | '''Kolhapur''' ({{Audio|Kolhapur.ogg}}) is a historic and ancient holy city situated in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], India. Situated on the banks of river [[Panchganga River|Panchganga]], Kolhapur is the largest city in Southern Maharashtra, and a prominent city in Paschim Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarter of [[Kolhapur district]]. Prior to Indian independence, Kolhapur was a 19 gun salute princely state ([[Kolhapur State]]) ruled by the [[Bhosale]] [[Chhatrapati]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. Kolhapur is known for world famous leather [[Kolhapuri chappal]]. Also known as paytans, these are known for its simple styles, quality of leather and design. Different artisans all over the city make these exquisite chappals. | ||
The city has a unique and exclusive 'Kolhapuri Cuisine', which is known for is spicy (झणझणीत) but tasty and mouth watering dishes which include world famous delicacies like Tambda -Pandhara rassa, Kolhapuri missal, and Authentic Kolhapuri mutton thali, etc. Kolhapur is also renowned for its jaggery and 'Lavangi mirchi'. | |||
The exquisite Kolhapuri jewelries, like special type of necklace called [[Kolhapuri saaj]], Mohanmal, bormal, chaplahar, pohehar and putlihar , thushi, patlya (two broad bangles), Bangdya, Tode, Chinchpeti (choker), Tanmani (short necklace) and Nath (nose ring), bajuband (the amulet) which are made in Kolhapur, poses a prominent position in Marathi culture, and hence are popular all across Maharashtra. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Mahalaxmi of Kolhapur.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Mahalakshmi Temple (Kolhapur)|Mahalakshmi]], Hindu goddess]] | [[File:Mahalaxmi of Kolhapur.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Mahalakshmi Temple (Kolhapur)|Mahalakshmi]], Hindu goddess]] | ||
===Scriptural records=== | ===Scriptural records=== | ||
Kolhapur is mentioned in the ''Devi Gita'', the final and key chapter of the ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', a special text of [[Shaktism]]. Kolhapur is noted as a place of ''Kollamma'' worship. In the text, [[Devi]] says, | Kolhapur is mentioned in the ''Devi Gita'', the final and key chapter of the ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', a special text of [[Shaktism]]. Kolhapur is noted as a place of ''Kollamma'' worship. In the text, [[Devi]] says, | ||
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===Medieval era=== | ===Medieval era=== | ||
The [[Shilahara]] family at Kolhapur was the latest of the three and was founded about the time of the downfall of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta Empire]]. They ruled over southern [[Maharashtra]]; the modern districts of [[Satara district|Satara]], Kolhapur and [[Belgaum| | The [[Shilahara]] family at Kolhapur was the latest of the three and was founded about the time of the downfall of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta Empire]]. They ruled over southern [[Maharashtra]]; the modern districts of [[Satara district|Satara]], Kolhapur and [[Belgaum|Belagavi (Karnataka)]]. Their family deity was the goddess Ambabai, whose blessing they claimed to have secured in their copperplate grants (Mahalakshmi-labdha-vara-prasada). Like their relatives of the northern branch of Konkan, the Shilaharas of Kolhapur claimed to be of the lineage of the Vidyadhara Jimutavahana, a [[Jain]] scholar. They carried the banner of golden Garuda. One of the many titles used by the Shilaharas was Tagarapuravaradhisvara, supreme sovereign ruler of Tagara. | ||
The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and 'Vikramankadevacharita' of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. Later, although the capital was shifted to Kolhapur, some of their grants mention Valavada and the hill fort of Pranalaka or Padmanala,(Panhala) as the places of royal residence. Even though the capital was shifted to Kolhapur, Karhad retained its significance during the Shilahara period. This branch rose to power the latter part of the Rashtrakuta rule and so, unlike the kings of the other two branches, those of this branch do not mention the genealogy of the Rashtrakutas even in their early grants. Later they acknowledged the suzerainty of the later Chalukya for some time. They had used Kannada as the official language as can seen from their inscriptions. This branch continued to hold the Southern Maharashtra from circa 940 to 1220. | The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and 'Vikramankadevacharita' of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. Later, although the capital was shifted to Kolhapur, some of their grants mention Valavada and the hill fort of Pranalaka or Padmanala,(Panhala) as the places of royal residence. Even though the capital was shifted to Kolhapur, Karhad retained its significance during the Shilahara period. This branch rose to power the latter part of the Rashtrakuta rule and so, unlike the kings of the other two branches, those of this branch do not mention the genealogy of the Rashtrakutas even in their early grants. Later they acknowledged the suzerainty of the later Chalukya for some time. They had used Kannada as the official language as can seen from their inscriptions. This branch continued to hold the Southern Maharashtra from circa 940 to 1220. | ||
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===Film industry=== | ===Film industry=== | ||
[[File:Kolhapur Memorial to Baburao Painter 2012 IMG 1601.jpg|right|thumb|A Memorial to Baburao Painter in Kolhapur]] | [[File:Kolhapur Memorial to Baburao Painter 2012 IMG 1601.jpg|right|thumb|A Memorial to Baburao Painter in Kolhapur]] | ||
On 1 December 1917, the [[Maharashtra Film Company]] was established in Kolhapur by [[Baburao Painter]]. The city has become the primary centre for the Marathi film industry. Kolhapur plays host to many film festivals, including the Kolhapur International Film Festival | On 1 December 1917, the [[Maharashtra Film Company]] was established in Kolhapur by [[Baburao Painter]]. The city has become the primary centre for the Marathi film industry. Kolhapur plays host to many film festivals, including the Kolhapur International Film Festival. The work of renovation and new locations of Kolhapur film city is going on. | ||
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/phase-1-work-of-kolhapur-chitranagari-to-be-completed-by-april-end/articleshow/57008139.cms|author=Piyush Bhusari|title=Phase 1 work of Kolhapur Chitranagari to be completed by April end|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|date=7 February 2017|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/phase-1-work-of-kolhapur-chitranagari-to-be-completed-by-april-end/articleshow/57008139.cms|author=Piyush Bhusari|title=Phase 1 work of Kolhapur Chitranagari to be completed by April end|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|date=7 February 2017|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> | ||
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===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
Kolhapur is located on [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 4]] and National Highway 204. The city has three [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|state transport]] bus stands: Central Bus Stand (CBS), Rankala Bus Stand and Sambhajinagar Bus Stand. Kolhapur Municipal Transport (KMT) provides local bus services | Kolhapur is located on [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 4]] and National Highway 204. The city has three [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|state transport]] bus stands: Central Bus Stand (CBS), Rankala Bus Stand and Sambhajinagar Bus Stand. Kolhapur Municipal Transport (KMT) provides local bus services. The CBS of Kolhapur is the busiest bus stand in western Maharashtra with more than 50,000 commutators a day. | ||
[[File:National Highway-4 kolhapur.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH 4]], (Now NH 48) near the city]] | [[File:National Highway-4 kolhapur.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH 4]], (Now NH 48) near the city]] | ||