Kingdom of the Videhas: Difference between revisions

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|image_map_alt    = Videha
|image_map_alt    = Videha
|image_map_caption = The Kingdom of the Videhas (Mithila) and other kingdoms of the late [[Vedic period]]
|image_map_caption = The Kingdom of the Videhas (Mithila) and other kingdoms of the late [[Vedic period]]
|capital          = [[Mithila (ancient city)|Mithila]], which could either be [[Janakpur]] (in present-day Nepal),<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972"/> or [[Baliraajgadh]] (in present-day [[Madhubani district]], Bihar, India).<ref name="hindi.news18.com">https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html</ref><ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162756/http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |archive-date=26 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|capital          = [[Mithila (ancient city)|Mithila]], which could either be [[Janakpur]] (in present-day Nepal),<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972"/> or [[Baliraajgadh]] (in present-day [[Madhubani district]], Bihar, India).<ref name="hindi.news18.com">{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html|title = News18 इंडिया: Hindi News, Latest News in Hindi, Breaking News in Hindi}}</ref><ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162756/http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |archive-date=26 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|common_languages  = [[Sanskrit]]
|common_languages  = [[Sanskrit]]
|religion          = [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]]-[[Hinduism]]<ref name=benami9>Ben-Ami Scharfstein (1998), ''A comparative history of world philosophy: from the Upanishads to Kant'', Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 9-11</ref>
|religion          = [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]]-[[Hinduism]]<ref name=benami9>Ben-Ami Scharfstein (1998), ''A comparative history of world philosophy: from the Upanishads to Kant'', Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 9-11</ref>
|currency          =  
|currency          =  
|title_leader      = [[Janaka]]
|title_leader      = [[Janaka]]
|today            = {{flag|India}}<br />{{flag|Nepal}}
|today            = [[India]]<br />[[Nepal]]
}}
}}
[[Image:Map of Vedic India.png|thumb|400px|Kingdom of Videha in Vedic India Map]]  
[[Image:Map of Vedic India.png|thumb|400px|Kingdom of Videha in Vedic India Map]]  
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The region and culture of Videha is often mentioned in Hindu literature.<ref name=samueloyt70>Geoffrey Samuel, (2010) ''The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century'', Cambridge University Press, pages 69-70</ref> The texts mention the idea of royal dynasty and the tradition of philosopher-kings who [[Sannyasa|renounce]], with examples including Nami (or Nimi in some texts), Janaka and other kings.<ref name=samueloyt70/> Their stories are found in ancient surviving Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina texts, suggesting that renunciation by kings was a respected tradition before the birth of Buddha, and that this tradition was also broadly accepted in regions other than Videha, such as in Pancala, Kalinga and Gandhara.<ref name=samueloyt70/> King Nimi or Nami of Videha is included as the 21st of the twenty four [[Tirthankara]]s in Jainism (not to be confused with closely spelled Nemi, the 22nd Tirthankara).<ref name=samueloyt70/>
The region and culture of Videha is often mentioned in Hindu literature.<ref name=samueloyt70>Geoffrey Samuel, (2010) ''The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century'', Cambridge University Press, pages 69-70</ref> The texts mention the idea of royal dynasty and the tradition of philosopher-kings who [[Sannyasa|renounce]], with examples including Nami (or Nimi in some texts), Janaka and other kings.<ref name=samueloyt70/> Their stories are found in ancient surviving Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina texts, suggesting that renunciation by kings was a respected tradition before the birth of Buddha, and that this tradition was also broadly accepted in regions other than Videha, such as in Pancala, Kalinga and Gandhara.<ref name=samueloyt70/> King Nimi or Nami of Videha is included as the 21st of the twenty four [[Tirthankara]]s in Jainism (not to be confused with closely spelled Nemi, the 22nd Tirthankara).<ref name=samueloyt70/>


Towards the end of the Vedic period, Videha likely became part of the Vriji (Pali: [[Vajji]]) confederation and subsequently into the [[Magadha]] empire.<ref>H.C. Raychaudhuri (1972), pp. 70-76</ref><ref>Raychaudhuri Hemchandra (1972), ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp. 85–86</ref> The Videha kingdom is also mentioned in the [[Sanskrit epics]], the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the ''[[Ramayana]]''. In the Ramayana, [[Sita]] is the princess from Videha,<ref name=samueloyt70/> who marries [[Rama]] creating an alliance between the kingdoms of [[Kosala]] and Videha.<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972">Raychaudhuri (1972)</ref> The capital of Videha is believed to be either [[Janakpur]] (in present-day Nepal),<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972"/> or [[Baliraajgadh]] (in present-day [[Madhubani district]], Bihar, India).<ref name="hindi.news18.com">https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html</ref><ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162756/http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |archive-date=26 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Towards the end of the Vedic period, Videha likely became part of the Vriji (Pali: [[Vajji]]) confederation and subsequently into the [[Magadha]] empire.<ref>H.C. Raychaudhuri (1972), pp. 70-76</ref><ref>Raychaudhuri Hemchandra (1972), ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp. 85–86</ref> The Videha kingdom is also mentioned in the [[Sanskrit epics]], the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the ''[[Ramayana]]''. In the Ramayana, [[Sita]] is the princess from Videha,<ref name=samueloyt70/> who marries [[Rama]] creating an alliance between the kingdoms of [[Kosala]] and Videha.<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972">Raychaudhuri (1972)</ref> The capital of Videha is believed to be either [[Janakpur]] (in present-day Nepal),<ref name="Raychaudhuri 1972"/> or [[Baliraajgadh]] (in present-day [[Madhubani district]], Bihar, India).<ref name="hindi.news18.com">{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/satyam/balirajharh-a-ancient-mithila-915917.html|title = News18 इंडिया: Hindi News, Latest News in Hindi, Breaking News in Hindi}}</ref><ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162756/http://www.newsofbihar.com/khas-khabar/kaun-lega-mithila-key-baliraajgadh-ki-sudhi.html |archive-date=26 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


According to the [[Digambara]] ''[[Uttarapurana]]'' text, [[Mahavira]] was born in Kundpur in the [[Kingdom of the Videhas]].{{sfn|Pannalal Jain|2015|p=460}}
According to the [[Digambara]] ''[[Uttarapurana]]'' text, [[Mahavira]] was born in Kundpur in the [[Kingdom of the Videhas]].{{sfn|Pannalal Jain|2015|p=460}}
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[[Category:6th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:6th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Dynasties of Nepal]]
[[Category:Dynasties of Nepal]]
[[Category:1st millennium BC in Nepal]]

Revision as of 02:18, 8 August 2021

Kingdom of Videha

uncertain–500 BCE
Videha
The Kingdom of the Videhas (Mithila) and other kingdoms of the late Vedic period
CapitalMithila, which could either be Janakpur (in present-day Nepal),[1] or Baliraajgadh (in present-day Madhubani district, Bihar, India).[2][3]
Common languagesSanskrit
Religion
Vedic-Hinduism[4]
GovernmentMonarchy
Janaka 
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
uncertain
• Disestablished
500 BCE
 Succeeded by
Vajji
Today part ofIndia
Nepal
Kingdom of Videha in Vedic India Map

The Kingdom of the Videhas (also known as Mithila[5] and Tirabhukti[6]) was an ancient Indian kingdom in Late Vedic India[7] which rose to prominence under King Janaka (c. 8th-7th centuries BCE). The ancient kingdom's territory is located in Mithila region on the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, what is today northeastern Bihar of India and the eastern Terai of Nepal.[6][7]

History

During the late Vedic period (c. 900 – c. 500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Pañcāla.[8] Late Vedic literature such as the Brahmanas and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad both mention Janaka, as a great philosopher-king of Videha, renowned for his patronage of Vedic culture and philosophy, and whose court was an intellectual centre for Rishi (sages) such as Yajnavalkya.[9] Raychaudhuri suggests 8th- to 7th-century BCE range, while Witzel suggests c. 750 to 500 BCE for the Brahmanas and Upanishads composition period in Videha.[10][note 1] The Vedic school of Aitareyins probably moved to Videha and other centers of scholarship, during the late Vedic period.[11]

The region and culture of Videha is often mentioned in Hindu literature.[12] The texts mention the idea of royal dynasty and the tradition of philosopher-kings who renounce, with examples including Nami (or Nimi in some texts), Janaka and other kings.[12] Their stories are found in ancient surviving Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina texts, suggesting that renunciation by kings was a respected tradition before the birth of Buddha, and that this tradition was also broadly accepted in regions other than Videha, such as in Pancala, Kalinga and Gandhara.[12] King Nimi or Nami of Videha is included as the 21st of the twenty four Tirthankaras in Jainism (not to be confused with closely spelled Nemi, the 22nd Tirthankara).[12]

Towards the end of the Vedic period, Videha likely became part of the Vriji (Pali: Vajji) confederation and subsequently into the Magadha empire.[13][14] The Videha kingdom is also mentioned in the Sanskrit epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. In the Ramayana, Sita is the princess from Videha,[12] who marries Rama creating an alliance between the kingdoms of Kosala and Videha.[1] The capital of Videha is believed to be either Janakpur (in present-day Nepal),[1] or Baliraajgadh (in present-day Madhubani district, Bihar, India).[2][3]

According to the Digambara Uttarapurana text, Mahavira was born in Kundpur in the Kingdom of the Videhas.[15]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Raychaudhuri notes that the Puranic chronology would extend the possible range back to the 12th century BCE, but considers this to be of limited value, and necessary to treat with caution (pp.27–28).

References

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Raychaudhuri (1972)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "News18 इंडिया: Hindi News, Latest News in Hindi, Breaking News in Hindi".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ Ben-Ami Scharfstein (1998), A comparative history of world philosophy: from the Upanishads to Kant, Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 9-11
  5. ↑ http://lrc.bih.nic.in/Gazetteer/Saharsa/chapter-II.pdf
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dilip K. Chakrabarti (2001). Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga. Orient Blackswan. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-81-7824-016-9.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116-124, 141-143
  8. ↑ Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 141-143
  9. ↑ H. C. Raychaudhuri (1972), Political History of Ancient India and Nepal, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.41–52
  10. ↑ Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 39-46, 141-143
  11. ↑ Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 76-77, 125
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Geoffrey Samuel, (2010) The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, pages 69-70
  13. ↑ H.C. Raychaudhuri (1972), pp. 70-76
  14. ↑ Raychaudhuri Hemchandra (1972), Political History of Ancient India, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp. 85–86
  15. ↑ Pannalal Jain 2015, p. 460.

Sources

External links

Template:Nepal topics

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