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{{Short description|Sikh martyr (1682–1757)}} | {{Short description|Sikh martyr (1682–1757)}} | ||
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'''Baba Deep Singh''' (26 January 1682 – 13 November 1757) is revered among [[Sikh]]s as one of the most hallowed [[martyr]]s in [[Sikhism]] and as a highly [[religion|religious]] person. He is remembered for his [[sacrifice]] and devotion to the teachings of the [[Sikh Gurus]]. Baba Deep Singh was the first head of [[Shaheedan Misl | '''Baba Deep Singh''' (26 January 1682 – 13 November 1757) is revered among [[Sikh]]s as one of the most hallowed [[martyr]]s in [[Sikhism]] and as a highly [[religion|religious]] person. He is remembered for his [[sacrifice]] and devotion to the teachings of the [[Sikh Gurus]]. Baba Deep Singh was the first head of [[Shaheedan Misl]], an order of the military for the Sikh Empire formed under supervision of [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] organizer of the Sikh Confederacy and the Dal Khalsa. The [[Damdami Taksal]] also state that he was the first head of their order.<ref name="Daily Excelsior.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040721100805/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/01dec19/state.htm#2 Damdami Taksal opens shop to provide religious literature]. Daily Excelsior.com</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Baba Deep Singh was born on 26 January 1682 to his father Bhagta | Baba Deep Singh was born on 26 January 1682 to his father Bhagta and mother Jioni along with his younger brother Bhai Bir Singh in the village of Pahuwind in [[Tarn Taran district]]. He was born to a [[Sandhu]] [[Jat people|Jat]] family.<ref name="Sahi1999">{{cite book|first=Joginder|last=Singh Sahi|editor-first=Naindeep|editor-last=Kaur|title=An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs Abroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q6LXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Born+on+January+27+%2C+1682%22|year=1999|publisher=Common World|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bhagata|first=Siṅgha|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|year=1993|page= 241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&q=sandhu+jat|quote=Deep Singh Shahid, a Sandhu Jat and resident of the village of Pohuwind of the ''pargana'' of Amritsar ...}}</ref> | ||
He went to [[Anandpur Sahib]] on the day of [[Vaisakhi]] in 1699, where he was baptised into [[Khalsa]] by Guru Gobind Singh, through the ''Khande di Pahul'' or [[Amrit Sanchar]] (ceremonial initiation into Khalsa). As a youth, he spent considerable time in close companionship of Guru Gobind Singh, learning weaponry, riding and other martial skills. From [[Bhai Mani Singh]], he learnt reading and writing [[Gurmukhi]] and the interpretation of the Gurus' words. After spending two years at Anandpur, he returned to his village in 1702, before he was summoned by Guru Gobind Singh at [[Talwandi Sabo]] in 1705, where he helped Bhai Mani Singh in making copies of the scripture [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref>[http://www.sikhismguide.org/babadeepsingh.aspx Shaheed Baba Deep Singh Ji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618195754/http://www.sikhismguide.org/babadeepsingh.aspx |date=18 June 2015 }}. SikhismGuide. Retrieved on 2017-07-09.</ref> | He went to [[Anandpur Sahib]] on the day of [[Vaisakhi]] in 1699, where he was baptised into [[Khalsa]] by Guru Gobind Singh, through the ''Khande di Pahul'' or [[Amrit Sanchar]] (ceremonial initiation into Khalsa). As a youth, he spent considerable time in close companionship of Guru Gobind Singh, learning weaponry, riding and other martial skills. From [[Bhai Mani Singh]], he learnt reading and writing [[Gurmukhi]] and the interpretation of the Gurus' words. After spending two years at Anandpur, he returned to his village in 1702, before he was summoned by Guru Gobind Singh at [[Talwandi Sabo]] in 1705, where he helped Bhai Mani Singh in making copies of the scripture [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref>[http://www.sikhismguide.org/babadeepsingh.aspx Shaheed Baba Deep Singh Ji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618195754/http://www.sikhismguide.org/babadeepsingh.aspx |date=18 June 2015 }}. SikhismGuide. Retrieved on 2017-07-09.</ref> | ||
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Baba Deep Singh had vowed to avenge the desecration of the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] by the [[military of Afghanistan|Afghan army]]. In 1757, he led an army to defend the Golden Temple. The Sikhs and the Afghans clashed in the [[Battle of Amritsar (1757)|Battle of Amritsar]] on 13 November 1757,<ref>''History of the Sikhs, Volume I'' by [[Khushwant Singh]].</ref> and in the ensuing conflict Baba Deep Singh was decapitated.<ref name=deol>{{cite book| last = Deol| first = Harnik| title = Religion and Nationalism in India| publisher = Routledge| year = 2000| location = London and New York| isbn = 9780415201087| no-pp = true| page = The case of Punjab; 189 }}</ref> | Baba Deep Singh had vowed to avenge the desecration of the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] by the [[military of Afghanistan|Afghan army]]. In 1757, he led an army to defend the Golden Temple. The Sikhs and the Afghans clashed in the [[Battle of Amritsar (1757)|Battle of Amritsar]] on 13 November 1757,<ref>''History of the Sikhs, Volume I'' by [[Khushwant Singh]].</ref> and in the ensuing conflict Baba Deep Singh was decapitated.<ref name=deol>{{cite book| last = Deol| first = Harnik| title = Religion and Nationalism in India| publisher = Routledge| year = 2000| location = London and New York| isbn = 9780415201087| no-pp = true| page = The case of Punjab; 189 }}</ref> | ||
There are two accounts of Baba Deep Singh's death. According to one popular version, Baba Deep Singh continued to fight after having been completely decapitated, slaying his enemies with his head in one hand and his sword in the other.<ref name=deol/> In this version, only upon reaching the sacred city of [[Amritsar]] did he stop and finally die.<ref>Brosius, Christiane. ''Empowering Visions: The Politics of Representation in Hindu Nationalism''. 2005, page 40.</ref> According to the second version, he was mortally wounded with a blow to the neck, but not completely decapitated. After receiving this blow, a Sikh reminded Baba Deep Singh, "You had resolved to reach the periphery of the pool." On hearing the talk of the Sikh, he held his head with his left hand and removing the enemies from his way with the strokes of his 15 kg{{cn|date=January 2020}} [[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]] "with his right hand, reached the periphery of Harmandir Sahib where he breathed his last. The Singhs celebrated the Bandhi-Sor Divas of 1757 A.D. in Harmandir Sahib".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/deep.html|title=Shaheed Baba Deep Singh|publisher=Santokh Singh Jagdev – Bed Time Stories-7.|access-date=2009-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602004008/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/deep.html|archive-date=2 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> | There are two accounts of Baba Deep Singh's death. According to one popular version, Baba Deep Singh continued to fight after having been completely [[decapitation|decapitated]], slaying his enemies with his head in one hand and his sword in the other.<ref name=deol/> In this version, only upon reaching the sacred city of [[Amritsar]] did he stop and finally die.<ref>Brosius, Christiane. ''Empowering Visions: The Politics of Representation in Hindu Nationalism''. 2005, page 40.</ref> According to the second version, he was mortally wounded with a blow to the neck, but not completely decapitated. After receiving this blow, a Sikh reminded Baba Deep Singh, "You had resolved to reach the periphery of the pool." On hearing the talk of the Sikh, he held his head with his left hand and removing the enemies from his way with the strokes of his 15 kg{{cn|date=January 2020}} [[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]] "with his right hand, reached the periphery of Harmandir Sahib where he breathed his last. The Singhs celebrated the Bandhi-Sor Divas of 1757 A.D. in Harmandir Sahib".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/deep.html|title=Shaheed Baba Deep Singh|publisher=Santokh Singh Jagdev – Bed Time Stories-7.|access-date=2009-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602004008/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/deep.html|archive-date=2 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
The Sikhs recovered their prestige by defeating the Afghan army and the latter were forced to flee.<ref>{{cite book |last= Mahajan|first= Vidya Dhar |author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan |title= Muslim Rule in India |publisher= S.Chand |year= 1970 |location= New Delhi |no-pp= true|page= Rise and Growth of Sikh Power;240}}</ref> | The Sikhs recovered their prestige by defeating the Afghan army and the latter were forced to flee.<ref>{{cite book |last= Mahajan|first= Vidya Dhar |author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan |title= Muslim Rule in India |publisher= S.Chand |year= 1970 |location= New Delhi |no-pp= true|page= Rise and Growth of Sikh Power;240}}</ref> | ||