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{{short description|Theravāda Buddhist festival, held yearly}} | {{short description|Theravāda Buddhist festival, held yearly}} | ||
{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
|holiday_name = Kathina or Kathina Civara Dana (the gift of the Kathina Robe) | | holiday_name = Kathina or Kathina Civara Dana (the gift of the Kathina Robe) | ||
|type = Buddhist | | type = Buddhist | ||
|image = | | image = | ||
|imagesize = | | imagesize = | ||
|caption = | | caption = | ||
|official_name = | | official_name = | ||
|nickname = {{unbulleted list|Kaṭhina Cībar Dān (কঠিন চীবর দান)| Kahtein (ကထိန်)|Kathen ( | | nickname = {{unbulleted list|Kaṭhina Cībar Dān (কঠিন চীবর দান)| Kahtein (ကထိန်)|Kathen (កឋិន)|Kathin (กฐิน) |Kuh-htay (ကထ့ၢ်)}} | ||
|observedby = [[Buddhism in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Buddhists]], [[Myanmar|Burmese]], [[Cambodia]]ns, [[Kayin State|Karen Buddhists]], [[Laos|Lao]], [[Sri Lanka]]ns, [[Malaysian Siamese]], [[Thai people|Thais]], Indian Theravada Buddhists. | | observedby = [[Buddhism in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Buddhists]], [[Myanmar|Burmese]], [[Cambodia]]ns, [[Kayin State|Karen Buddhists]], [[Laos|Lao]], [[Sri Lanka]]ns, [[Malaysian Siamese]], [[Thai people|Thais]], Indian Theravada Buddhists. | ||
|litcolor = | | litcolor = ៤ = | ||
៤ = | | significance = | ||
|significance = | | begins = | ||
|begins = | | ends បានគេ៦ = | ||
|ends បានគេ៦ | | date = | ||
|date = | | scheduling = Full moon of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar | ||
|scheduling = Full moon of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar | | duration = 1 month | ||
|duration = 1 month | | frequency = Annual | ||
|frequency = Annual | <!-- Use next four if the date changes in an unusual pattern each year -->| date2016 = October 23<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wattampainenglish.com/test/13-special-events/holidays/22-end-of-buddhist-lent.html|title = End of Buddhist Lent - October 04, 2020 Cancelled - WatTampaInEnglish}}</ref> | ||
<!-- Use next four if the date changes in an unusual pattern each year --> | | date2017 = <!-- only for days that change each year --> | ||
|date2016 = October 23<ref>http://wattampainenglish.com/test/13-special-events/holidays/22-end-of-buddhist-lent.html</ref> | | date2018 = <!-- only for days that change each year --> | ||
|date2017 = <!-- only for days that change each year --> | | celebrations = | ||
|date2018 = <!-- only for days that change each year --> | | observances = | ||
|celebrations = | | relatedto = [[Vassa]] | ||
|observances = | |||
|relatedto = [[Vassa]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Abhisit offer Kathina robes.jpg|thumb|Former Prime Minister [[Abhisit Vejjajiva]] of Thailand offers Kathina robes to monks at 2010 Kathin.]] | [[File:Abhisit offer Kathina robes.jpg|thumb|Former Prime Minister [[Abhisit Vejjajiva]] of Thailand offers Kathina robes to monks at 2010 Kathin.]] | ||
'''Kathina''' is a Buddhist festival which comes at the end of [[Vassa]], the three-month rainy season retreat for [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhists]] in [[Bangladesh]] (known as Kaṭhina Cībar Dān), [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Sri Lanka]], India | '''Kathina''' is a Buddhist festival which comes at the end of [[Vassa]], the three-month rainy season retreat for [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhists]] in [[Bangladesh]] (known as Kaṭhina Cībar Dān), [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]] and [[Thailand]].<ref name="bbc">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/holydays/kathina.shtml Kathina] at [[BBC]]</ref> The season during which a monastery may hold Kathina is one month long, beginning after the full moon of the eleventh month in the [[Lunar calendar]] (usually October). | ||
It is a time of giving, for the laity to express gratitude to [[bhikkhu]]s (Buddhist monks).<ref name="kathina">[http://www.viet.net/~anson/ebud/ebdha086.htm Vassa (Rains Retreat) and Kathina (Robe Offering) Ceremony]</ref><ref name="tv">[http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=6,9375,0,0,1,0 Vassa, The Rains Retreat]</ref> Lay Buddhists bring donations to temples, especially new robes for the monks. Also the gift of the attha parikara (in Sri Lanka it is known as Atapirikara අටපිරිකර ) - the Eight Requisites - is part of the offerings.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="kathina"/><ref name="tv"/> | It is a time of giving, for the laity to express gratitude to [[bhikkhu]]s (Buddhist monks).<ref name="kathina">[http://www.viet.net/~anson/ebud/ebdha086.htm Vassa (Rains Retreat) and Kathina (Robe Offering) Ceremony]</ref><ref name="tv">[http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=6,9375,0,0,1,0 Vassa, The Rains Retreat]</ref> Lay Buddhists bring donations to temples, especially new robes for the monks. Also the gift of the attha parikara (in Sri Lanka it is known as Atapirikara අටපිරිකර ) - the Eight Requisites - is part of the offerings.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="kathina"/><ref name="tv"/> | ||
==Origins== | ==Origins== | ||
''Kaṭhina'' is a [[Pali]] word referring to the wooden frame used to measure the length and width by which the robes of Buddhist monks are cut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.identity.opm.go.th/identity/doc/nis00847.PDF|title=The Royal Kathin Ceremony|work=Thailand: Traits and Treasures|publisher=National Identity Office|access-date=19 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603232056/http://www.identity.opm.go.th/identity/doc/nis00847.PDF|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As the legend goes, thirty [[bhikkhu]]s were journeying with the intention of spending Vassa with [[Gautama Buddha]].<ref name="bbc"/> However, the rains began before they reached their destination and they had to stop at Saketa.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="mind">[http://www.buddhamind.info/leftside/lifesty-2/kathina.htm Buddhist Festivals: Kathina]</ref> According to Buddha's guidelines for Vassa, mendicant monks shouldn't travel during the rainy season as they may unintentionally harm crops and/or insects during their journey.<ref name="access">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/khantipalo/wheel206.html#rains Lay Buddhist Practice - The Shrine Room, Uposatha Day, Rains Residence]</ref> As such, the monks had to stop.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="mind"/> | |||
The bhikkhus passed their time together without conflict and practising Dhamma so afterwards, the Buddha rewarded the monks by demonstrating a way to practice sharing and generosity. A lay disciple had previously donated pieces of cloth to the Buddha, so the Buddha now gave the pieces to the group of monks and told them to make it into a robe and then offer it as a gift to one of them. A frame, called a Kathina, was used to hold the pieces while they were being made into one robe.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="mind"/> | The bhikkhus passed their time together without conflict and practising Dhamma so afterwards, the Buddha rewarded the monks by demonstrating a way to practice sharing and generosity. A lay disciple had previously donated pieces of cloth to the Buddha, so the Buddha now gave the pieces to the group of monks and told them to make it into a robe and then offer it as a gift to one of them. A frame, called a Kathina, was used to hold the pieces while they were being made into one robe.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="mind"/> | ||