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>Daask (Adding local short description: "Study of Vedic ritual practices", overriding Wikidata description "Vedic era study of ritual procedures and ceremonies, one of six Vedangas" (Shortdesc helper)) |
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===Srauta Sutras=== | ===Srauta Sutras=== | ||
[[File:Pythagorean.svg|thumb|260px|The verses 1-2 of ''Baudhayana Shulba Sutra'' state that the squares of any rectangle's width and length add up to the square of its diagonal.{{Sfn|Plofker|2009|p=18 with note 13}} This is | [[File:Pythagorean.svg|thumb|260px|The verses 1-2 of ''Baudhayana Shulba Sutra'' state that the squares of any rectangle's width and length add up to the square of its diagonal.{{Sfn|Plofker|2009|p=18 with note 13}} This is one of the earliest descriptions of [[Pythagorean theorem]], appearing many centuries before [[Pythagoras]].]] | ||
The '''Śrautasūtras''' (Shrauta-sutra) form a part of the corpus of [[Sanskrit]] [[sutra|sūtra]] literature. Their topics include instructions relating to the use of the śruti corpus in ritual ('kalpa') and the correct performance of these rituals. Some early Śrautasūtras were composed in the late Brahmana period (such as the Baudhyanana and Vadhula Sūtras), but the bulk of the Śrautasūtras are roughly contemporary to the Gṛhya corpus of domestic sūtras, their language being late [[Vedic Sanskrit]], dating to the middle of the first millennium BCE (generally predating [[Pāṇini]]). | The '''Śrautasūtras''' (Shrauta-sutra) form a part of the corpus of [[Sanskrit]] [[sutra|sūtra]] literature. Their topics include instructions relating to the use of the śruti corpus in ritual ('kalpa') and the correct performance of these rituals. Some early Śrautasūtras were composed in the late Brahmana period (such as the Baudhyanana and Vadhula Sūtras), but the bulk of the Śrautasūtras are roughly contemporary to the Gṛhya corpus of domestic sūtras, their language being late [[Vedic Sanskrit]], dating to the middle of the first millennium BCE (generally predating [[Pāṇini]]). | ||
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===Dharmasūtras=== | ===Dharmasūtras=== | ||
The '''Dharmasūtras''' are texts dealing with custom, rituals, duties and law. They include the four surviving written works of the ancient Indian tradition on the subject of dharma, or the rules of behavior recognized by a community. Unlike the later [[dharmaśāstra]]s, the dharmasūtras are composed in prose. The oldest dharmasūtra is generally believed to have been that of [[Apastamba Dharmasutra|Apastamba]], followed by the dharmasūtras of [[Gautama Dharmasutra|Gautama]], [[Baudhayana sutras|Baudhayana]], and an early version of [[Vashistha]]. It is difficult to determine exact dates for these texts, but the dates between | The '''Dharmasūtras''' are texts dealing with custom, rituals, duties and law. They include the four surviving written works of the ancient Indian tradition on the subject of dharma, or the rules of behavior recognized by a community. Unlike the later [[dharmaśāstra]]s, the dharmasūtras are composed in prose. The oldest dharmasūtra is generally believed to have been that of [[Apastamba Dharmasutra|Apastamba]], followed by the dharmasūtras of [[Gautama Dharmasutra|Gautama]], [[Baudhayana sutras|Baudhayana]], and an early version of [[Vashistha]]. It is difficult to determine exact dates for these texts, but the dates between 500 and 300 BCE have been suggested for the oldest dharmasūtras.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" | ||
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|{{IAST|Sāmaveda}}||{{IAST |Lātyāyana Śrautasūtra<br />Drāhyāyana Śrautasūtra<br />Jaiminiya Śrautasūtra}} || ||Gobhila-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Khādira-Gṛhyasūtra<br>(Drāhyāyana-Gṛhyasūtra)<br />Jaiminiya-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Kauthuma-Gṛhyasūtra ||{{IAST |Gautama Dharmasūtra}} | |{{IAST|Sāmaveda}}||{{IAST |Lātyāyana Śrautasūtra<br />Drāhyāyana Śrautasūtra<br />Jaiminiya Śrautasūtra}} || ||Gobhila-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Khādira-Gṛhyasūtra<br>(Drāhyāyana-Gṛhyasūtra)<br />Jaiminiya-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Kauthuma-Gṛhyasūtra ||{{IAST |Gautama Dharmasūtra}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{IAST|Kṛsna Yajurveda}}|| {{IAST|Baudhāyana Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST|Vādhūla Śrautasūtra}} <br/> {{IAST |Mānava Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Bharadvāja Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Āpastamba | |{{IAST|Kṛsna Yajurveda}}|| {{IAST|Baudhāyana Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST|Vādhūla Śrautasūtra}} <br/>{{IAST |Mānava Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Bharadvāja Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Āpastamba Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Hiraṅyakeśi Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST |Vārāha Śrautasūtra}}<br/>{{IAST|Vaikhānasa Śrautasūtra}} || {{IAST |Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra<br>Mānava Śulbasûtra <br>Āpastamba Śulbasûtra}} ||Baudhāyana-Gṛhyasūtra<br />{{IAST|Hiraṇyakeśi-Gṛhyasūtra}}<br>(Satyāsādha-Gṛhyasūtra) [http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/yvs/hirgs/hirgs.htm]<br />Mānava-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Bhāradvāja-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Āpastamba-Gṛhyasūtra<br />{{IAST|Āgniveśya-Gṛhyasūtra}}<br />Vaikhānasa-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Kāthaka-Gṛhyasūtra<br>(Laugāksi-Gṛhyasūtra)<br />Vārāha-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Vādhûla-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Kapisthala-Katha Gṛhyasūtra (unpublished) ||{{IAST |Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra<br>}} | ||
''Āpastamba Dharmasūtra'' | |||
''Hārīta Dharmasūtra'' | |||
''Hiraṇyakeśi Dharmasūtra'' | |||
''Vaikhānasa Dharmasūtra'' | |||
''Viṣṇu Dharmasūtra'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|{{IAST |Śukla Yajurveda}} || {{IAST |Kātyāyana Śrautasūtra}}||{{IAST |Kātyāyana Śulbasūtra}}||<br />Pāraskara-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Katyayana-Gṛhyasūtra|| | |{{IAST |Śukla Yajurveda}} || {{IAST |Kātyāyana Śrautasūtra}}||{{IAST |Kātyāyana Śulbasūtra}}||<br />Pāraskara-Gṛhyasūtra<br />Katyayana-Gṛhyasūtra|| ''Śaṅkha-Likhita Dharmasūtra'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Atharvaveda||{{IAST |Vaitāna Śrautasũtra}} || ||{{IAST|Kauśika Gṛhyasūtra}} || | | Atharvaveda||{{IAST |Vaitāna Śrautasũtra}} || ||{{IAST|Kauśika Gṛhyasūtra}} ||''Auśanasa Dharmasūtra'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
===Bibliography=== | ===Bibliography=== | ||
*{{cite book|first=Kim|last=Plofker|author-link=Kim Plofker|title=Mathematics in India |title-link= Mathematics in India |year=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-12067-6 }} | *{{cite book|first=Kim|last=Plofker|author-link=Kim Plofker|title=Mathematics in India |title-link= Mathematics in India (book) |year=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-12067-6 }} | ||
*{{cite book| author=Maurice Winternitz| author-link=Moriz Winternitz| title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1| year=1963| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| isbn=978-81-208-0056-4}} | *{{cite book| author=Maurice Winternitz| author-link=Moriz Winternitz| title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1| year=1963| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| isbn=978-81-208-0056-4}} | ||