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{{Short description|British architect}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| honorific_prefix = Sir | | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | ||
| name = Samuel Swinton Jacob | | name = Samuel Swinton Jacob | ||
| honorific_suffix = KCIE | | honorific_suffix = {{post nominals|county=GBR|KCIE|CVO|size=100}} | ||
| image = Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob.jpg | | image = Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob.jpg | ||
| birth_date = 14 January 1841 | | birth_date = 14 January 1841 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob''', {{post-nominals|sep=,|KCIE|CVO}} (14 January 1841 – 4 December 1917) was a [[British Army]] officer and colonial engineer, architect and writer, best known for the numerous Indian public buildings he designed in the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style. | '''Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob''', {{post-nominals|sep=,|KCIE|CVO}} (14 January 1841 – 4 December 1917), known as '''Sir Swinton Jacob''',<ref name="Ref-1"/> was a [[British Army]] officer and colonial engineer, architect and writer, best known for the numerous Indian public buildings he designed in the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style. | ||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
[[File:Samuel Swinton Jacob portrait.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Samuel Swinton Jacob as a young man]] | [[File:Samuel Swinton Jacob portrait.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Samuel Swinton Jacob as a young man]] | ||
Jacob was born in 1841 to Colonel William Jacob<ref name="Ref-1"> | Jacob was born in 1841 to Colonel William Jacob<ref name="Ref-1">{{cite news |title=Death of Sir Swinton Jacob |work=[[The Times]] |date=7 December 1917 |issue=41655 |page=7 }}</ref> (of the [[Bombay Army|Bombay Artillery]] and a member of a distinguished military family) and Jane Swinton, granddaughter of Captain Samuel Swinton [[Royal Navy|RN]], who was the inspiration for the story of ''The Scarlet Pimpernel''. He was educated at [[Cheam School]] and then at the [[Addiscombe Military Seminary|East India Company Military College]] at [[Addiscombe]] where he was one of the last cohort of graduates in 1858 before the college was taken over by the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Military College at Addiscombe |work=[[The Times]] |date=11 December 1858 |issue=23174 |page=8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=H. M. |last=Vibart |title=Addiscombe: its heroes and men of note |place=Westminster |publisher=Archibald Constable |year=1894 |ol=23336661M |pages=298, 700 }}</ref> | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Jacob was commissioned into the Bombay Artillery in 1858, qualifying five years later as a surveyor and engineer. After initial service with the Bombay Staff Corps in the Public Works Department, and a brief spell with the Aden Field Force in 1865–6, he was appointed in 1867 as chief engineer of the state of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Colonel F. W. M. Spring, 'Bombay Artillery: List of Officers' (1902), entry 500.</ref> He was to spend the remainder of his working life in this position until he retired at the age of 71.<ref name="Ref-1"/> | Jacob was commissioned into the [[Bombay Artillery]] in 1858, qualifying five years later as a surveyor and engineer. After initial service with the Bombay Staff Corps in the Public Works Department, and a brief spell with the Aden Field Force in 1865–6, he was appointed in 1867 as chief engineer of the state of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Colonel F. W. M. Spring, 'Bombay Artillery: List of Officers' (1902), entry 500.</ref> He was to spend the remainder of his working life in this position until he retired at the age of 71.<ref name="Ref-1"/> | ||
At the time he became chief engineer and took charge of the public works department of the Jaipur it had only been in existence for seven years, having been founded in 1860. | At the time he became chief engineer and took charge of the public works department of the Jaipur it had only been in existence for seven years, having been founded in 1860. | ||
[[File:Swinton Jacob Brookwood.jpg|thumb|right|The grave of Sir Swinton Jacob in [[Brookwood Cemetery]] in 2018]] | [[File:Swinton Jacob Brookwood.jpg|thumb|right|The grave of Sir Swinton Jacob in [[Brookwood Cemetery]] in 2018]] | ||
He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 6 February 1885,<ref>''London Gazette'', 10 February 1885.</ref> and to colonel on 26 February 1889.<ref>''London Gazette'', 26 February 1889.</ref> During the summer of 1902, he accompanied the Maharaja of Jaipur as a political officer during a visit to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra]]. The coronation was originally scheduled for late June, but was postponed until 16 August 1902 when the King fell ill, prolonging their stay in London.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times | | He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 6 February 1885,<ref>''London Gazette'', 10 February 1885.</ref> and to colonel on 26 February 1889.<ref>''London Gazette'', 26 February 1889.</ref> During the summer of 1902, he accompanied the Maharaja of Jaipur as a political officer during a visit to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra]]. The coronation was originally scheduled for late June, but was postponed until 16 August 1902 when the King fell ill, prolonging their stay in London.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=13 August 1902 |page=8 |issue=36845}}</ref> | ||
=== Later career === | === Later career === | ||
Among his honours were the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal]] for Public Service on 9 November 1901.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27374 |date=9 November 1901 |page=7288 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>''The Times'', 9 November 1901, Issue 36608.</ref> In the [[1902 Coronation Honours]] list published on 26 June 1902 (the original date for the subsequently postponed coronation of King Edward VII), Jacob was made a [[Knight Commander of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times | | Among his honours were the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal]] for Public Service on 9 November 1901.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27374 |date=9 November 1901 |page=7288 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>''The Times'', 9 November 1901, Issue 36608.</ref> In the [[1902 Coronation Honours]] list published on 26 June 1902 (the original date for the subsequently postponed coronation of King Edward VII), Jacob was made a [[Knight Commander of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Coronation Honours |date=26 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36804}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27448 |supp=y |date=26 July 1902 |pages=4189–4197 }}</ref> | ||
He had no sooner retired to England in 1911 then he was recruited by the secretary of state for India to assist [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]] in the design of New Delhi. Failing health soon forced him to withdraw from the assignment.<ref name="Ref-1" /> | He had no sooner retired to England in 1911 then he was recruited by the secretary of state for India to assist [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]] in the design of New Delhi. Failing health soon forced him to withdraw from the assignment.<ref name="Ref-1" /> | ||
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Compared with many British officials in India he was noted for his respect for local building traditions and skills, which led to his incorporating many Indian architectural features into his building designs. As a result, he became – with F. S. Growse, [[Robert Fellowes Chisholm]], Charles Mant, [[Henry Irwin]], [[William Emerson (British architect)|William Emerson]], [[George Wittet]] and [[Frederick William Stevens|Frederick Stevens]] – a pioneer of the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style of architecture. | Compared with many British officials in India he was noted for his respect for local building traditions and skills, which led to his incorporating many Indian architectural features into his building designs. As a result, he became – with F. S. Growse, [[Robert Fellowes Chisholm]], Charles Mant, [[Henry Irwin]], [[William Emerson (British architect)|William Emerson]], [[George Wittet]] and [[Frederick William Stevens|Frederick Stevens]] – a pioneer of the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style of architecture. | ||
For the benefit of other contemporary architects, Jacob published from 1890–1913 the ''Jeypore | For the benefit of other contemporary architects, Jacob published from 1890–1913 the ''Jeypore Portfolio of Architectural Details'', containing numerous drawings, in 12 volumes.<ref>Thomas R. Metcalfe, [http://www.historytoday.com/thomas-r-metcalfe/tradition-created-indo-saracenic-architecture-under-raj A Tradition Created: Indo-Saracenic Architecture under the Raj], in: History Today, Volume 32, Issue 9, 1982.</ref> | ||
===Notable buildings=== | ===Notable buildings=== | ||
*[[Albert Hall Museum]], [[Jaipur]]. Also called the Government Central Museum. Located on [[Ram Niwas Bagh]], it was built between 1880 and 1887 after abandoning the original design by [[Frederick de Fabeck]] for which the then [[Edward VII|Prince of Wales]] had laid the [[foundation stone]] in 1876. Maharaja [[Ram Singh II|Ram Singh]] initially wanted this building to be a town hall, but his successor, [[Sawai Madho Singh]], decided it should be a museum for the art of Jaipur. | *[[Albert Hall Museum]], [[Jaipur]]. Also called the Government Central Museum. Located on [[Ram Niwas Bagh]], it was built between 1880 and 1887 after abandoning the original design by [[Frederick de Fabeck]] for which the then [[Edward VII|Prince of Wales]] had laid the [[foundation stone]] in 1876. Maharaja [[Ram Singh II|Ram Singh]] initially wanted this building to be a town hall, but his successor, [[Sawai Madho Singh]], decided it should be a museum for the art of Jaipur. | ||
*Jaipur Gate, 1886 (with [[Thomas Holbein Hendley]]). | *Jaipur Gate, 1886 (with [[Thomas Holbein Hendley]]). The "exotic" structure of Indian teak was carved in [[Shekhawati]] and transported to London for an exhibition. In 1926 it was moved to [[Hove]], East Sussex, where it still stands outside [[Hove Museum and Art Gallery]].<ref name="Antram197">{{cite book|last1=Antram|first=Nicholas|last2=Morrice|first2=Richard|title=Brighton and Hove|series=Pevsner Architectural Guides|publisher=Yale University Press|location=London|year=2008|isbn=978-0-300-12661-7|page=197}}</ref> | ||
*Jubilee Buildings, [[Jodhpur]], 1887–96.<ref>Vibuti Sachdev & [[Giles Tillotson]], "Building-Jaipur-the-Making-of-an-Indian-City" p. 118 s.]</ref> | *Jubilee Buildings, [[Jodhpur]], 1887–96.<ref>Vibuti Sachdev & [[Giles Tillotson]], "Building-Jaipur-the-Making-of-an-Indian-City" p. 118 s.]</ref> | ||
*The Delhi State Election Commission's Office on Lothian Road near [[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate]] in Delhi. Built 1890 to 1891, two-storey building housed the [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] from 1891 till 1941, when it shifted to its present campus.<ref>{{cite web| title = College to poll office, a 123-year-old quiet journey| publisher = Hindustan Times| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/College-to-poll-office-a-123-year-old-quiet-journey/Article1-1058877.aspx| date = 12 May 2013| accessdate = 23 September 2013| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131031193954/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/College-to-poll-office-a-123-year-old-quiet-journey/Article1-1058877.aspx| archivedate = 31 October 2013| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ststephens.edu/StStephens/httpdocs/history/glimpses.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325230401/http://www.ststephens.edu/StStephens/httpdocs/history/glimpses.htm |archivedate=25 March 2008 |df=dmy-all }}. Retrieved 17 April 2008</ref> | *The Delhi State Election Commission's Office on Lothian Road near [[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate]] in Delhi. Built 1890 to 1891, two-storey building housed the [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] from 1891 till 1941, when it shifted to its present campus.<ref>{{cite web| title = College to poll office, a 123-year-old quiet journey| publisher = Hindustan Times| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/College-to-poll-office-a-123-year-old-quiet-journey/Article1-1058877.aspx| date = 12 May 2013| accessdate = 23 September 2013| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131031193954/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/College-to-poll-office-a-123-year-old-quiet-journey/Article1-1058877.aspx| archivedate = 31 October 2013| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ststephens.edu/StStephens/httpdocs/history/glimpses.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325230401/http://www.ststephens.edu/StStephens/httpdocs/history/glimpses.htm |archivedate=25 March 2008 |df=dmy-all }}. Retrieved 17 April 2008</ref> | ||
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*[[Rambagh Palace]], designed by Jacob in 1905, built 1909–16 by [[Chiman Lal]] and [[Bhola Nath]].<ref>Sachdev/Tillotson, "Building Jaipur the Making of an Indian City" p. 126 s.</ref> | *[[Rambagh Palace]], designed by Jacob in 1905, built 1909–16 by [[Chiman Lal]] and [[Bhola Nath]].<ref>Sachdev/Tillotson, "Building Jaipur the Making of an Indian City" p. 126 s.</ref> | ||
*[[Daly College]], [[Indore]], 1912. | *[[Daly College]], [[Indore]], 1912. | ||
*[[All Saint's Church, Jaipur|All Saints Church]], [MI Road Jaipur]. Designed by Sir Swinton Jacob and the Church was first opened for Divine worship service on Christmas December25,1876. | |||
== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
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==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
*{{cite book|author=Mitchell, Shelby, Nanji, Ameeta|title= India Sublime | *{{cite book|author=Mitchell, Shelby, Nanji, Ameeta|title= India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan|location=New York|publisher=Rizzoli|year=2007|type = hardback| isbn = 978-0-8478-2979-8}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]] | [[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] | ||
[[Category:British people | [[Category:British people in colonial India]] | ||
[[Category:People educated at Cheam School]] | [[Category:People educated at Cheam School]] | ||
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | ||