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| office = 5th [[President of India]] | | office = 5th [[President of India]] | ||
| primeminister = [[Indira Gandhi]] | | primeminister = [[Indira Gandhi]] | ||
| vicepresident = | | vicepresident = B. D. Jatti<br />[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] | ||
| term_start = 24 August 1974 | | term_start = 24 August 1974 | ||
| term_end = 11 February 1977 | | term_end = 11 February 1977 | ||
| predecessor = [[V. V. Giri]] | | predecessor = [[V. V. Giri]] | ||
| successor = [[B. D. Jatti]] <small>( | | successor = [[B. D. Jatti]] <small>(acting)</small> | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1905|05|13|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1905|05|13|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[ India]] | | birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1977|02|11|1905|05|13|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1977|02|11|1905|05|13|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India | | death_place = [[New Delhi]], India | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] | | office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{merge from|Death and state funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|discuss=Talk:Death and state funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed#Proposed Merger|date=June 2021}} | {{merge from|Death and state funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|discuss=Talk:Death and state funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed#Proposed Merger|date=June 2021}} | ||
'''Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed''' (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Indian lawyer and an Indian politician who served as the 5th [[president of India]] from 1974 to 1977. He was the second President of India to die in office.<ref>[http://presidentofindia.nic.in/formerpresidents.html Former Presidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210120916/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/formerpresidents.html |date=10 December 2008}} [[President of India]] website.</ref><ref name=rrtc>[http://www.rrtd.nic.in/fakhruddinaliahmed.htm Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905–1977): Biography] RRTC, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729054858/http://www.rrtd.nic.in/fakhruddinaliahmed.htm|date=29 July 2017}}</ref> | |||
'''Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed''' (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the | |||
==Early life and background== | ==Early life and background== | ||
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 at the Hauz Qazi area of [[Old Delhi]], India.<ref name=rrtc/> His father, Col. Zalnur Ali Ahmed, was an [[Islam in Assam|Assamese Muslim]] and the first | <references group="স্মৃতিৰ জিলিঙনিত কেইগৰাকীমান অসমৰ মুছলমান, পৃষ্ঠা নং ৬৫-৬৯" /> | ||
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 at the Hauz Qazi area of [[Old Delhi]], India.<ref name="rrtc" /> His father, Col. Zalnur Ali Ahmed, was an [[Islam in Assam|Assamese Muslim]] and the first Assamese person to have an [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D. (Doctor of Medicine)]] degree.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://listserv.aoir.org/pipermail/assam-assamnet.org/2007-July/013619.html|title=[Assam] Lt Col Sivram Bora|date=7 July 2007|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> His mother, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was a daughter of the [[Nawab]] of [[Loharu]].<ref name="indohistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.indohistory.com/fakhruddin_ali_ahmed.html|title=History of India|access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> Ahmed's grandfather, Khaliluddin Ahmed, was from Parsi Poria Family of Assamese Goria ethnic community. Khaliluddin Ahmed's forefather was brought to Assam by the medieval Ahom ruler from Delhi to work as translator to translate the letters received from Mughal emperor written in Parsian language and also to write letters and communications to Mughal court in Parsian language, therefore his family was called Parsi poria family in Assam History. His family later on assimilated to Goria ethnic group of Assam and become a part of Goria community. Khaliluddin Ahmed family originally hailed from Gorgaon of present-day Sivsagor district of Assam from where during the Burmese invansion of Assam they fled to Kacharihat village of present-day [[Golaghat]] district of [[Assam]] to escape from Burmese atrocities. Later on Khaliluddin Ahmed migrated to Guwahati in the year 1840 wherein Col. Zalnur Ali Ahmed, father of Fakaruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 19 July 1848. Fakaruddin Ali Ahmed married a Muslim girl named Begum Abida Ahmed of Sheikhupur, Badaun, Uttar Pradesh. Ahmed attended [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]. He was called to the Bar from the [[Inner Temple]] of [[London]] and began legal practice in the [[Lahore High Court]] in 1928.<ref name="rrtc" /><ref name="indohistory" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Kamru Jaman|title=স্মৃতিৰ জিলিঙনিত কেইগৰাকীমান অসমৰ মুছলমান|publisher=Al-Ameen Welfare Society|year=May 2009|location=Guwahati, Assam|pages=ঙ, 65–69, 238–241}}</ref> | |||
Ahmed attended [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]. He was called to the Bar from the [[Inner Temple]] of [[London]] and began legal practice in the [[Lahore High Court]] in 1928.<ref name=rrtc/><ref name=indohistory/> | |||
==Political years== | ==Political years== | ||
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Subsequently, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], representing the [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]] constituency, Assam in 1967 and again in 1971. In the Central Cabinet he was given important portfolios relating to Food and Agriculture, Co-operation, Education, Industrial Development and Company Laws.<ref name=book/> | Subsequently, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], representing the [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]] constituency, Assam in 1967 and again in 1971. In the Central Cabinet he was given important portfolios relating to Food and Agriculture, Co-operation, Education, Industrial Development and Company Laws.<ref name=book/> | ||
==Presidency== | ==Presidency (1974-1977)== | ||
Ahmed was chosen for the presidency by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1974, and on 20 August 1974, he became the second [[Muslim]] to be elected President of India. He is known to have issued the proclamation of emergency by signing the papers at midnight after a meeting with [[Indira Gandhi]] the same day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/who-is-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-nephew-nrc-assam-mamata-5286969/|title=Who is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed?|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=1 August 2018|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> He used his constitutional authority as [[head of state]] to allow him to [[rule by decree]] once the [[Emergency in India]] was proclaimed in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/ahmed.html|title=Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|publisher=Past Presidents of India|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | Ahmed was chosen for the presidency by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1974, and on 20 August 1974, he became the second [[Muslim]] to be elected President of India. He is known to have issued the proclamation of emergency by signing the papers at midnight after a meeting with [[Indira Gandhi]] the same day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/who-is-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-nephew-nrc-assam-mamata-5286969/|title=Who is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed?|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=1 August 2018|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> He used his constitutional authority as [[head of state]] to allow him to [[rule by decree]] once the [[Emergency in India]] was proclaimed in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/ahmed.html|title=Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|publisher=Past Presidents of India|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
He is well known among Indian diplomats for his visit to [[Sudan]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India-South_Sudan_Eng_Relations.pdf|title=India-South Sudan Relations|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | He is well known among Indian diplomats for his visit to [[Sudan]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India-South_Sudan_Eng_Relations.pdf|title=India-South Sudan Relations|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
== Death and legacy == | == Death and legacy == | ||
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He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the [[University of Pristina (1969–1999)|University of Pristina]], in [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|Kosovo]], in 1975, during his visit to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajendra Kumar|title=President and Prime Minister of India|page=1963}}</ref> | He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the [[University of Pristina (1969–1999)|University of Pristina]], in [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|Kosovo]], in 1975, during his visit to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajendra Kumar|title=President and Prime Minister of India|page=1963}}</ref> | ||
He was elected President of the [[Assam Football Association]] and the [[Assam Cricket Association]] for several terms; and was also the | He was elected President of the [[Assam Football Association]] and the [[Assam Cricket Association]] for several terms; and was also the vice-president of the Assam Sports Council.<ref>{{citation|title=Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed - President of India|publisher=Glorious India}}</ref> | ||
In April 1967, he was elected President of the All India Cricket Association. He was a member of the [[Delhi Golf Club]] and the [[Delhi Gymkhana Club]] from 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1702.htm|title=Fifth Lok Sabha|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | In April 1967, he was elected President of the All India Cricket Association. He was a member of the [[Delhi Golf Club]] and the [[Delhi Gymkhana Club]] from 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1702.htm|title=Fifth Lok Sabha|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> | ||