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{{short description|Overview of the procedure of elections in the Indian state of Bihar}}
{{Politics of Bihar}}
{{Politics of Bihar}}
Elections in the state of [[Bihar]], [[India]] are conducted in accordance with the [[Constitution of India]]. The Assembly of [[Bihar]]  creates laws regarding the conduct of local body elections unilaterally while any changes by the state legislature to the conduct of state level elections need to be approved by the [[Parliament of India]].
Elections in the state of [[Bihar]], [[India]] are conducted in accordance with the [[Constitution of India]]. The Assembly of [[Bihar]]  creates laws regarding the conduct of local body elections unilaterally while any changes by the state legislature to the conduct of state level elections need to be approved by the [[Parliament of India]].
[[File:IN-BR.svg]]


Elections to the [[Lok Sabha]], also termed as [[General elections in india|General Elections]], are typically held every 5 years after the central government has completed its term. It may also be held before the completion of term if parliament is dissolved early. Similarly elections to [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] are conducted every five years. Last [[2014 Indian general election|Lok Sabha election]] was held in 2019 and [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Vidhan Sabha election]] was held in 2015. Elections to the [[Rajya Sabha]] are held at regular interval with one third of the members retiring in a staggered manner. Members of Vidhan Sabha elect the state's representative to Rajya Sabha.
Elections to the [[Lok Sabha]], also termed as [[General elections in india|General Elections]], are typically held every 5 years after the central government has completed its term. It may also be held before the completion of term if parliament is dissolved early. Similarly elections to [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] are conducted every five years. Last [[2014 Indian general election|Lok Sabha election]] was held in 2019 and [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Vidhan Sabha election]] was held in 2015. Elections to the [[Rajya Sabha]] are held at regular interval with one third of the members retiring in a staggered manner. Members of Vidhan Sabha elect the state's representative to Rajya Sabha.
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==History of elections in Bihar==
==History of elections in Bihar==
===Assembly election===
===Assembly election===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
{| class="wikitable"  
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Election
! Election
| style=" background-color:#666666; width:5px" |
!colspan=2|Party-wise Details  
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"| Party-wise Details  
! Chief Minister
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"| Chief Minister
! Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"| Party
|-
|----
|----
|1951
|1951
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|First Assembly]]
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|First Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
|Total: 276. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 239, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 32, [[Socialist Party (India)|SPI]]:23
|Total: 276. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 239, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 32, [[Socialist Party (India)|SPI]]:23
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]] <br />  
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]] <br />  
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|1957
|1957
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Second Assembly]]
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Second Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
|Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 210, [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]: 31, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 31
|Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 210, [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]: 31, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 31
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]] <br /> [[Deep Narayan Singh]] <br /> [[Binodanand Jha]]
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]] <br /> [[Deep Narayan Singh]] <br /> [[Binodanand Jha]]
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|1962
|1962
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Third Assembly]]
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Third Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
|Total: 264. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 185, [[Swatantra Party|SWA]]: 50, [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] 29, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 20,  [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 12, [[Socialist Party (India)|SPI]]: 7, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]: 3
|Total: 264. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 185, [[Swatantra Party|SWA]]: 50, [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] 29, [[Jharkhand Party|JP]]: 20,  [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 12, [[Socialist Party (India)|SPI]]: 7, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]: 3
|[[Binodanand Jha]] <br /> [[Krishna Ballabh Sahay]]
|[[Binodanand Jha]] <br /> [[Krishna Ballabh Sahay]]
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|1967
|1967
|Fourth Assembly
|Fourth Assembly
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
|Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 128, [[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]]: 68, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]: 26  
|Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 128, [[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]]: 68, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]: 26  
|[[Mahamaya Prasad Sinha]]  <br /> [[Satish Prasad Singh]] <br /> [[B. P. Mandal]]  <br /> [[Bhola Paswan Shashtri]]
|[[Mahamaya Prasad Sinha]]  <br /> [[Satish Prasad Singh]] <br /> [[B. P. Mandal]]  <br /> [[Bhola Paswan Shashtri]]
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|1972
|1972
|Sixth Assembly
|Sixth Assembly
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
| Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 167, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 35, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]: 34  
| Total: 318. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 167, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 35, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]: 34  
|[[Kedar Pandey]] <br / >[[Abdul Ghafoor (politician)|Abdul Gafoor]] <br /> [[Jagannath Mishra]]
|[[Kedar Pandey]] <br / >[[Abdul Ghafoor (politician)|Abdul Gafoor]] <br /> [[Jagannath Mishra]]
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|1977
|1977
|Seventh Assembly
|Seventh Assembly
! style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| Total: 318. [[Janata Party|JP]]: 214, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 57, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 21, [[Independent politician|Independent]]: 25
| Total: 318. [[Janata Party|JP]]: 214, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 57, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 21, [[Independent politician|Independent]]: 25
|[[Karpuri Thakur]] <br /> [[Ram Sunder Das]]
|[[Karpuri Thakur]] <br /> [[Ram Sunder Das]]
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|1980
|1980
|Eighth Assembly
|Eighth Assembly
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
| Total: 324. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 169, [[Janata Party|JP]]: 42, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 23
| Total: 324. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 169, [[Janata Party|JP]]: 42, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 23
|[[Jagannath Mishra]] <br /> [[Chandrashekhar Singh]]
|[[Jagannath Mishra]] <br /> [[Chandrashekhar Singh]]
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|1985
|1985
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 1985|Ninth Assembly]]
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 1985|Ninth Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}" |
| Total: 324. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 196, [[Lok Dal|LK]]: 46, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 16, [[Janata Party|JP]]: 13, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 12, [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]: 9, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]: 1, [[Indian Congress (Socialist)|IC(S)]]: 1, [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|SUCI(C)]]: 1, [[Independent politician|Independent]]: 29
| Total: 324. [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 196, [[Lok Dal|LK]]: 46, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 16, [[Janata Party|JP]]: 13, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]: 12, [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]: 9, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]: 1, [[Indian Congress (Socialist)|IC(S)]]: 1, [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|SUCI(C)]]: 1, [[Independent politician|Independent]]: 29


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|1990
|1990
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 1990|Tenth Assembly]]
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 1990|Tenth Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| Total: 324. [[Janata Dal|JD]]: 122, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 71, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 39
| Total: 324. [[Janata Dal|JD]]: 122, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 71, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 39
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
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|1995
|1995
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 2000|Eleventh Assembly]]
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 2000|Eleventh Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| Total: 324. [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|JD]]: 167, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 41, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 29
| Total: 324. [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|JD]]: 167, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 41, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]: 29
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] <br /> [[Rabri Devi]]
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] <br /> [[Rabri Devi]]
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|2000
|2000
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 2000|Twelfth Assembly]]
|[[Bihar Assembly Election, 2000|Twelfth Assembly]]
! style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| Total: 243. [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|JD]]: 103, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 39, [[Samta Party|SP]]: 28
| Total: 243. [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|JD]]: 103, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]: 39, [[Samta Party|SP]]: 28
|[[Rabri Devi]]
|[[Rabri Devi]]
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|[[9th Lok Sabha]]
|[[9th Lok Sabha]]
|1989
|1989
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 32'''
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 32'''
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|[[BJP]] 8
|[[BJP]] 8
|style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|style="background-color: {{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 4
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 4
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 4
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 4
|
|
|style="background:{{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|'''JD'''
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|'''JD'''
|-
|-
|[[10th Lok Sabha]]
|[[10th Lok Sabha]]
|1991
|1991
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 31'''
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 31'''
|style="background-color: {{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 8
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 8
|style="background-color: {{Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}"|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 6
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 6
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}"|
|[[BJP]] 5
|[[BJP]] 5
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 1, [[CPI(M)]] 1
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 1, [[CPI(M)]] 1
|'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''
|'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''
|style="background:{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}"|'''INC'''
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|'''INC'''
|-
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|1996
|1996
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 22'''
|'''[[Janata Dal|JD]] 22'''
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}"|
|[[BJP]] 18
|[[BJP]] 18
|style="background-color: {{Samata Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samata Party}}"|
|[[Samata Party|SMP]] 6
|[[Samata Party|SMP]] 6
|style="background-color: {{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 3
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 3
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] 1, [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 1, [[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 1
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] 1, [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] 1, [[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 1
|
|
|style="background:{{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|'''JD'''
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|'''JD'''
|-
|-
|[[12th Lok Sabha]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha]]
|1998
|1998
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|'''[[BJP]] 19'''
|'''[[BJP]] 19'''
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|[[RJD]] 17
|[[RJD]] 17
|style="background-color: {{Samata Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samata Party}}"|
|'''[[Samata Party|SMP]] 10'''
|'''[[Samata Party|SMP]] 10'''
|style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|
|
|rowspan=2|'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
|rowspan=2|'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
|rowspan=2: style="background: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|'''BJP'''
|rowspan=2: style="background: {{party color|BJP}}"|'''BJP'''
|-
|-
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|1999
|1999
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|'''[[BJP]] 23'''
|'''[[BJP]] 23'''
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|'''[[JD(U)]] 18'''
|'''[[JD(U)]] 18'''
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|[[RJD]] 7
|[[RJD]] 7
|style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 4
|[[CPI(M)]] 1, [[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 1
|[[CPI(M)]] 1, [[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 1
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|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|'''[[RJD]] 22'''
|'''[[RJD]] 22'''
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|[[JD(U)]] 6
|[[JD(U)]] 6
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|[[BJP]] 5
|[[BJP]] 5
|style="background-color: {{Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}"|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 4
|[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 4
|'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 3'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 3'''
|rowspan=2|'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''
|rowspan=2|'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''
|rowspan=2: style="background:{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}"|'''INC'''
|rowspan=2: style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|'''INC'''
|-
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|[[JD(U)]] 20
|[[JD(U)]] 20
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|[[BJP]] 12
|[[BJP]] 12
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|'''[[RJD]] 4'''
|'''[[RJD]] 4'''
|style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}"|
|'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2'''
|'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2'''
|[[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 2
|[[Independent (politician)|Ind]] 2
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|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|'''[[BJP]] 22'''
|'''[[BJP]] 22'''
|style="background-color: {{Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}"|
|'''[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 6'''
|'''[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 6'''
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|[[RJD]] 4
|[[RJD]] 4
|style="background-color: {{Rashtriya Lok Samta Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}}"|
|'''[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|RLSP]] 3'''
|'''[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|RLSP]] 3'''
|[[JD(U)]] 2, [[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2, [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] 1
|[[JD(U)]] 2, [[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2, [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] 1
|rowspan=2|'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
|rowspan=2|'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
|rowspan=2: style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|'''BJP'''
|rowspan=2: style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}"|'''BJP'''
|-
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |
|'''[[BJP]] 17'''
|'''[[BJP]] 17'''
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|'''[[JD(U)]] 16'''
|'''[[JD(U)]] 16'''
|style="background-color: {{Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}"|
|'''[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 6'''
|'''[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] 6'''
|style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|style="background-color: {{party color|INC}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 1
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 1
|
|
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