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'''Muhammad Ali Jauhar''' (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as '''[[Maulana]] Mohammad Ali Jauhar''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an [[British Raj|Indian]] Muslim [[activist]], [[journalist]] and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Jafri">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTEFAQAAQBAJ|title=Biography of Muhammad Ali Jauhar: seerat E Maulana M Ali Jauhar|last=Jafri|first=Raees Ahmed|publisher=Urdu Movies|language=ar}}</ref> | '''Muhammad Ali Jauhar''' (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as '''[[Maulana]] Mohammad Ali Jauhar''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an [[British Raj|Indian]] Muslim [[activist]], prominent member of the [[All-India Muslim League]], [[journalist]] and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Jafri">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTEFAQAAQBAJ|title=Biography of Muhammad Ali Jauhar: seerat E Maulana M Ali Jauhar|last=Jafri|first=Raees Ahmed|publisher=Urdu Movies|language=ar}}</ref> | ||
Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the [[Aligarh Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-aligarh-movement-consequences-objectives-1444624799-1|title=Syed Ahmad Khan {{!}} Aligarh Movement: Consequences & Objectives|date=2015-10-12|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> He was elected to become the President of [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and | Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the [[Aligarh Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-aligarh-movement-consequences-objectives-1444624799-1|title=Syed Ahmad Khan {{!}} Aligarh Movement: Consequences & Objectives|date=2015-10-12|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> He was elected to become the President of [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and 14th president of the [[All-India Muslim League]].<ref name="muslimsofindia" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uG0AAAAIAAJ&q=establishment+of+full+independence+in+the+form+of+a+federation+of+free+democratic+states+in+which+interests+of+the+1937+Musalmans+and+other+minorities+are+adequately+effectively+safeguarded+in+the+Constitution|title=Chronology of Pakistan Movement: December 29, 1930-August 14, 1947|date=1985|publisher=National Archives of Pakistan|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Early life and career== | ==Early life and career== | ||
Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in [[Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh|Najibabad]], [[Rampur State]].<ref name=findpk/><ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=Asir Adrawi|author-link=Asir Adrawi|page=234|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Muallifeen |language=ur |edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref> His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1154854 |title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar- a man who chose the pen above the sword |publisher=Dawn (newspaper) |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> His brothers were [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat]], who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated.<ref name=Dawn/> | Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in [[Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh|Najibabad]], [[Rampur State]].<ref name=findpk/><ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=Asir Adrawi|author-link=Asir Adrawi|page=234|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Muallifeen |language=ur |edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref>He was born to a rich family belonging to the Yousaf Zai clan. His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1154854 |title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar- a man who chose the pen above the sword |publisher=Dawn (newspaper) |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> His brothers were [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat]], who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated.<ref name=Dawn/> | ||
Despite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and, in 1898, [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], studying modern history.<ref name=storyofpakistan/> | Despite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and the [[University of Allahabad|Allahabad University]], in 1898, [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], studying modern history.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name="Jafri" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammad Ali Jauhar - Profile & Biography|url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/mohammad-ali-jauhar/profile|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Rekhta|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the [[Baroda]] civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like ''[[The Times]]'', London, ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name=storyofpakistan>[http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-muhammad-ali-jouhar?perid=p038 Mohammad Ali Jouhar] Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on storyofpakistan.com</ref> He launched the [[English language|English]] weekly ''[[The Comrade]]'' in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to [[Delhi]] in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper ''Hamdard'' in 1913.<ref name=muslimsofindia/> He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Masooma|first1=Syed|title=Amjadi Begum|url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|publisher=dostpakistan.pk|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050858/http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|archive-date=28 June 2013|date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Begum Mohammed Ali Passes Away|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3odhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270%2C6413483|website=The Indian Express|access-date=11 April 2017|page=5|date=29 March 1947}}</ref> | Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the [[Baroda]] civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like ''[[The Times]]'', London, ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name=storyofpakistan>[http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-muhammad-ali-jouhar?perid=p038 Mohammad Ali Jouhar] Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on storyofpakistan.com</ref> He launched the [[English language|English]] weekly ''[[The Comrade]]'' in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to [[Delhi]] in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper ''Hamdard'' in 1913.<ref name=muslimsofindia/> He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Masooma|first1=Syed|title=Amjadi Begum|url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|publisher=dostpakistan.pk|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050858/http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|archive-date=28 June 2013|date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Begum Mohammed Ali Passes Away|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3odhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270%2C6413483|website=The Indian Express|access-date=11 April 2017|page=5|date=29 March 1947}}</ref> | ||
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=== In popular culture === | === In popular culture === | ||
''Maulana Mohammad Ali 'Jauhar''' is a 1984 [[documentary film]] directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]], it covers his political career and life as an [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MAULANA MOHAMMAD ALI | ''Maulana Mohammad Ali 'Jauhar''' is a 1984 [[documentary film]] directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]], it covers his political career and life as an [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MAULANA MOHAMMAD ALI 'JAUHAR' {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/maulana-mohammad-ali-jauhar|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ||
==Quotes== | ==Quotes== | ||