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Tigalari script: Difference between revisions
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# | {{Short description|Abugida writing system of the Brahmic family}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} | |||
{{Infobox writing system | |||
|name = Tigalari | |||
|languages = [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Sanskrit]] | |||
|type = [[Abugida]] | |||
|time = 9th century CE – present<ref name="diringer">{{cite book|last1=Diringer|first1=David|title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind|date=1948|page=385|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1287}}</ref> | |||
|fam1=[[Brahmi script]] | |||
|fam2=[[Tamil Brahmi]] | |||
|fam3=[[Pallava script]]<ref>Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019), p.28</ref> | |||
|fam4=[[Grantha script|Grantha]] | |||
|sisters=[[Malayalam script]]<br/>[[Saurashtra script]]<br/>[[Dhives Akuru]] | |||
|sample=Tululipi4.svg | |||
|caption= | |||
|imagesize=250px | |||
|unicode = | |||
|iso15924 = | |||
|iso15924 note = | |||
|footnotes = | |||
|note = none | |||
}} | |||
{{Contains special characters|Indic}} | |||
{{Brahmic}} | |||
'''Tigalari''' (''Tigaḷāri lipi'', ''tulu lipi'')<ref group=Note>The script is also referred to as '''Arya Ezhuttu''', '''Grantha Malayalam''', '''Tulu Grantha''', '''Tulu-Malayalam''' and '''Western Grantha'''.</ref> is a Southern [[Brahmic scripts|Brahmic script]] which was used to write [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kannada]], and [[Sanskrit]] languages. It was primarily used for writing [[Vedas|Vedic texts]] in Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Qaau|title=ScriptSource - Tigalari|website=scriptsource.org}}</ref> It evolved from the [[Grantha script]]. It is called as Tigalari lipi in [[Kannada]]-speaking regions ([[Malenadu|Malnad region]]) and [[Tulu language|Tulu]] speakers call it as ''Tulu lipi''. It bears high similarity and relationship to its sister script [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]], which also evolved from the [[Grantha script]]. | |||
The oldest record of the usage of this script found in a stone inscription at the Sri Veeranarayana temple in [[Kulshekar|Kulashekara]] here is in complete Tigalari/Tulu script and Tulu language and belongs to the 1159 A.D.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Spl. Correspondent|first=The Hindu|date=22 February 2019|title=Tulu stone inscription in Veeranarayana temple belongs to 1159 A.D.: Historian|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-stone-inscription-in-veeranarayana-temple-belongs-to-1159-ad-historian/article26344575.ece#|access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> The various inscriptions of Tulu from the 15th century are in the Tigalari script. Two Tulu epics named ''Sri Bhagavato'' and ''Kaveri'' from the 17th century were also written in the same script.<ref name="BhatSteveer">{{cite book|last1=Steever|first1=Sanford B|title=The Dravidian Languages|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136911644|pages=158–163}}</ref> It was also used by [[Tulu language|Tulu]]-speaking Brahmins like [[Shivalli Brahmins]] and Kannada speaking [[Havyaka Brahmin]]s and [[Kota Brahmins]] to write [[Vedas|Vedic]] [[mantra]]s and other [[Sanskrit]] religious texts. However, there has been a renewed interest among Tulu speakers to revive the script as it was formerly used in the [[Tulu Nadu|Tulu-speaking region]]. The [[Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy]], a cultural wing of the [[Government of Karnataka]], has introduced Tuḷu language (written in Kannada script) and Tigalari script in schools across the [[Dakshina Kannada|Mangalore]] and [[Udupi district]]s.<ref name="Tulu Unicode 2017" /> The Academy provides instructional manuals to learn this script and conducts workshops to teach it.<ref name="Hindu1">{{cite news|last1=Kamila|first1=Raviprasad|title=Tulu academy's script classes attract natives|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/tulu-academys-script-classes-attract-natives/article5051292.ece|access-date=28 June 2018|work=The Hindu|date=23 August 2013}}</ref> | |||
== Alternate names == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!'''Name of the script''' | |||
!'''Prevalent in''' | |||
!'''References to their roots''' | |||
|- | |||
|Arya Ezhuttu/Grantha Malayalam | |||
|Kerala, Parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu | |||
|Malayalam Speakers, Manipravala, Tamil Grantha | |||
|- | |||
|Western Grantha/Tulu-Malayalam | |||
|Few academic publications | |||
|19th Century Western Scholars | |||
|- | |||
|Tigalari | |||
|''Malenadu'' & ''Karavali'' (coastal) regions of Karnataka | |||
|Kannada speakers, Havyaka Brahmins, National Manuscript Mission Catalogues | |||
|- | |||
|Tulu Lipi/Tulu Grantha Lipi | |||
|Coastal Karnataka, [[Tulu Nadu]] | |||
|Tulu speakers, A C Burnell | |||
|} | |||
The name by which this script is referred to is closely tied with its regional, linguistic or historical roots. It would not be wrong to assign all the names mentioned above to this script.<ref name="Tulu Unicode 2017" /> | |||
Arya Ezhuttu or the more recently coined term: Grantha Malayalam is used to refer to this script in Kerala. Arya Ezhuttu covers the spectrum between the older script (that is Tigalari) until it was standardised by the lead types for Malayalam script (old style) in Kerala.<ref name="Tulu Unicode 2017" /> | |||
‘Tigalari’ is used to this day by the Havyaka brahmins of the Malanadu region. Tigalari is also the term that is commonly used to refer to this script in most manuscript catalogues and in several academic publications today. Prof. Gunda Jois has studied this script closely for over four decades now. According to his findings that were based on evidences found in stone inscriptions, palm leaf manuscripts and early research work done by western scholars like Prof. B L Rice, he finds the only name used for this script historically has been ‘Tigalari’.<ref name="Tulu Unicode 2017" /> | |||
This script is commonly known as the Tulu script or Tulu Grantha script in the coastal regions of Karnataka. There are several recent publications and instructional books for learning this script. It is also called the Tigalari script in—Elements of South Indian Palaeography by Rev. A C Burnell and a couple of other early publications of the Basel Mission press, Mangalore. Tulu Ramayana manuscript found in the [[Dharmasthala]] archives refers to this script as 'Tigalari Lipi'. | |||
==Geographical distribution== | ==Geographical distribution== | ||