Bharatpedia

Incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi: Difference between revisions

m (WPCleaner v2.04 - Fixing error 61 / Fixed using Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia (Reference before punctuation))
 
(Updating)
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Leimarel Sidabi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤ}}), the supreme mother earth goddess in [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]), is best known for having multiple [[incarnation]]s in the creation mythology.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=leimarel+supreme+mother</ref>
[[File:PRINCESS THOIBI TRICKED KONGYAMBA AND ESCAPED FROM HIM.jpg|thumb|300px|Princess [[Moirang Thoibi|Thoibi]] of [[Ancient Moirang]] is one of the incarnations of goddess [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]].]]
[[Leimarel Sidabi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤ}}) is the highest ranked mother goddess in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]). She is known for having many [[:en:wikt:incarnation|incarnation]]s as divine ladies.<ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Incarnations of goddess [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&dq=panthoibi+goddess&pg=PA23|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ycajCKZOOoC&dq=Leimaren+manifests+herself+Lul+Leima+wealth+Ireima+water+Laan+industries+crafts+highest+female+form+basic+necessities+life+Meitei+social&pg=PA173|title=Traditional Institutions of Meghalaya: A Case Study of Doloi and His Administration|last=Gassah|first=L. S.|date=1998|publisher=Regency Publications|isbn=978-81-86030-49-3|pages=173|language=en}}</ref> Each of her incarnations are for the welfare of the mankind. For this reason, she is known as ''Langon Yambi Ima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯥꯡꯉꯣꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯏꯃꯥ}}, lit. ''The Divine Mother who incarnates herself in many divine forms'').<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n74/mode/1up?q=Leimalel+manifesting+divine+ladies+benefit+mankind+manifests+Langon+Yambi+Ima+Lal+Leima+wealth+Phou+Oibi+granary+barn+Ngareima+fish+yard+Ireima+water+Lan+war+battle+field+Thumleima+salt+mine+Shil+industries+crafts+Heepokpi+Yaipokpi+Heeleima+Yaileima+Heekubi+Yaikubi+Yaisna+seven&view=theater|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|website=archive.org|pages=74}}</ref>


==Incarnations==
Among her incarnations, the personalities of [[Emoinu]], [[Panthoibi]] and [[Phouoibi]] depict as well as influence the [[:en:wikt:boldness|boldness]], courage, independence, goodness and social honour of [[Meitei people|Meitei women]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIEOy8SRLv8C&dq=panthoibi+emoinu+phouoibi+shows+that+Meitei+women+are+bold+%2C+courageous+%2C+independent+and+enjoy+their+due+rights+and+have+an+honourable+place+in+the+society+&pg=PA24|title=Women's Role in the 20th Century Manipur: A Historical Study|last=Kipgen|first=Tingneichong G.|date=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-803-1|language=en}}</ref>
Here is the list in the alphabetical order:
===Leinaotabi===
[[Leinaotabi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯩꯅꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕꯤ}}), the youngest consort of Thongalel, the ruler of the [[underworld|netherworld]], is a divine form of Leimarel Sidabi.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=leimarel+leinaotabi</ref>


===Nongthang Leima===
The connection of the highest female form with the basic needs of life shows the importance of women in Meitei society.<ref name=":1" />
[[Nongthang Leima]] ({{lang-mni|ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ}}), the goddess of seduction, thunder and lightning,<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=nongthang+Leima&dq=nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU6p6XquzuAhVNAHIKHV0ZDdEQ6AEwA3oECAQQAg</ref> is a divine form, reincarnated by Leimarel.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=leimarel+nongthangleima</ref>


===Panthoibi===
== Incarnations ==
[[Panthoibi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}), the goddess of agricultural fertility,<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&q=panthoibi+goddess&dq=panthoibi+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp3ISTn-zuAhWWYisKHRy0Df4Q6AEwAXoECAMQAg</ref> war and love, is a divine form of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&q=leimarel+panthoibi&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3rtSly-3uAhXNfH0KHbIcC4EQ6AEwCXoECAIQAg</ref>
=== Imoinu ===
{{Main|Imoinu}}
''Imoinu'' or ''Emoinu'' ({{lang-mni|ꯏꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref name=":0" />
Supreme God [[Atingkok|Sidaba]] ({{lang-omp|Sitapa}}) asked His wife, [[Leimarel Sidabi]] ({{lang-omp|Leimalel Sitapi}}) to create another Leimarel. Leimarel Sidabi is the first woman. The second Leimarel will be the second woman. She is to take care of the mankind on the planet [[earth]]. Goddess Leimarel Sidabi created the second Leimarel. The appearances of the first and the second Leimarels were similar. The first Leimarel named the second one as ''[[Imoinu|Emoinu Ahongbi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.emoinu|title=EMOINU AHONGBI THOUNIROL (A Traditional adoration to Goddess Emoinu)|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>


===Phouleima===
=== Ireima ===
[[Phouleima]] ({{lang-mni|ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ}}), also known as [[Phouoibi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}), the goddess of crops,<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&q=phouoibi+warol&dq=phouoibi+warol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJsNuB7uTuAhWFX30KHTtBBvEQ6AEwA3oECAIQAg</ref> is also an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=leimarel+phouoileima</ref>
{{Main|Ireima}}
''Ireima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯏꯔꯩꯃ}}, ''Ereima'') alias ''Irai Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ}}, ''Erai Leima'') is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. She is the goddess of water.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


===Thoibi===
=== Lān Leima ===
[[Moirang Thoibi]] ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}), the divine princess of [[Ancient Moirang]] kingdom, is one of the principal characters in the [[Moirang Shayon]] and the [[Moirang Kangleirol]]. She is also an incarnation of Leimarel.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ&dq=leimarel+panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=leimarel+thoibi</ref>
''Lān Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ}}, ''Laan Leima'') or ''Lāl Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ}}, ''Laal Leima'') is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. Leimalel becomes Lān Leima when she is in the battlefield. Lān Leima is the goddess of war.<ref name=":2" />


==References==
=== Leinaotabi ===
{{Main|Leinaotabi}}
''Leinaotabi'' ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯩꯅꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕꯤ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] and [[Leinaotabi]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref> She was the youngest wife of God [[Thongalel]]. Later, she was married to [[Poireiton]].
 
=== Lul Leima ===
''Lul Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯂꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ}}) (also pronounced as ''Lal Leima'') is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. She is the goddess of wealth.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
 
=== Ngaleima ===
{{Main|Ngaleima}}
''Ngaleima'' ({{lang-omp|ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ}}) alias ''Ngareima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. Leimalel becomes Ngaleima when she is in the [[:en:wikt:fishing ground|fish yard]]. Ngaleima is the goddess of fish.<ref name=":2" />
 
=== Nongthang Leima ===
{{Main|Nongthang Leima}}
''Nongthang Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] and [[Nongthang Leima]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref> She is the goddess of charm, thunder and lightning.<ref>Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0.</ref>
 
=== Panthoibi ===
{{Main|Panthoibi}}
''Panthoibi'' ({{lang-mni|ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] and [[Panthoibi]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref> She is the goddess of civilization, fertility, love, warfare and wisdom.<ref>Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.</ref>
 
=== Phouleima ===
{{Main|Phouleima}}
''Phouleima'' ({{lang-omp|ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ}}) alias ''Phouoibi'' ({{lang-mni|ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n147/mode/1up?q=Phouoibi+supreme+mother+Leimalel+unhusked+rice+paddy+oibi+oiba+paddy&view=theater|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|last=Singh|first=L. Bhagyachandra|date=1991|pages=147}}</ref><ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] and [[Phouleima]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref> Leimalel becomes Phouoibi when she is in the [[:en:wikt:granary|granaries]] or the [[barn]]s.<ref name=":2" /> Phouoibi is the goddess of agricultural crops and harvest.<ref>Session, North East India History Association (1999). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.</ref>
=== Shil Leima ===
''Shil Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯁꯤꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ}}) alias ''Shin Leima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. Leimalel becomes Shil Leima when she is in factories. Shil Leima is the goddess of crafts.<ref name=":2" />
 
=== Thoibi ===
{{Main|Moirang Thoibi}}
''Moirang Thoibi'' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref>Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] and [[Moirang Thoibi|Thoibi]]. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.</ref> She is a princess of [[Ancient Moirang]] kingdom. She is also one of the important characters in the [[Moirang Shayon]] and the [[Moirang Kangleirol]].
=== Thumleima ===
{{Main|Thumleima}}
''Thumleima'' ({{lang-mni|ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ}}) is an incarnation of [[Leimarel Sidabi]]. Leimalel becomes Thumleima when she is in the salt mines. Thumleima is the goddess of salt.<ref name=":2" />
 
=== 7 Divine Ladies ===
Leimalel also incarnates herself as the seven divine ladies. The seven divine ladies are Heepokpi ({{lang-mni|ꯍꯤꯄꯣꯛꯄꯤ}}), Yaipokpi ({{lang-mni|ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯣꯛꯄꯤ}}), Heeleima ({{lang-mni|ꯍꯤꯂꯩꯃ}}), Yaileima ({{lang-mni|ꯌꯥꯢꯂꯩꯃ}}), Heekubi ({{lang-mni|ꯍꯤꯀꯨꯕꯤ}}), Yaikubi ({{lang-mni|ꯌꯥꯢꯀꯨꯕꯤ}}) and Yaisna ({{lang-mni|ꯌꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯅꯥ}}).<ref name=":2" />
 
=== Goddesses of the 7 clans ===
The seven goddesses of the seven clans ({{lang-mni|Yek}}) are the incarnations of [[Leimarel Sidabi]].<ref name=":0" />
{|class="wikitable"
!Goddesses
!Latin transliterations (Romanization)
!Associated clans/dynasties
!Latin transliterations (Romanization)
|-
|ꯂꯩꯀꯛꯕꯤꯌꯥꯔꯦꯜ
|Leikakbiyarel
|ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯥ
|Ningthouja
|-
|ꯂꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅꯨ
|Laibi Ahumnoo
|ꯑꯉꯣꯝ
|Angom
|-
|ꯊꯥꯡꯋꯣꯢꯕꯤ
|Thangwoibee
|ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ
|Luwang
|-
|ꯃꯥꯟꯋꯣꯢꯕꯤ
|Manwoibi
|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ
|Khuman
|-
|ꯆꯤꯠꯅꯨ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Chitnu Leima
|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ
|Moirang
|-
|ꯊꯦꯔꯩ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ ꯆꯅꯨ
|Therei Langbam Chanu
|ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ/ꯁꯂꯥꯡ-ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ
|Chenglei/Salang-Leishangthem
|-
|ꯂꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯟ
|Lai Leimaren
|ꯈꯥꯕ-ꯉꯥꯟꯕ
|Khaba-Nganba
|}
 
== Festivals and Worship ==
=== Imoinu Iratpa ===
{{Main|Imoinu Iratpa}}
''Imoinu Iratpa'' (''Emoinu Eratpa'') is celebrated in honor of goddess [[Imoinu]] ([[Emoinu]]) on the 12th of [[Meitei calendar|Meitei lunar month]] of ''Wakching'' (December-January interface month) every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=1..080120.jan20|title=Emoinu day|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/ge.asp?heading=Snipp10&mx=&src=150122|title=Emoinu Eratpa celebrated|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Fruits, vegetables and fish are offered to goddess Imoinu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=7..030115.jan15|title=Imoinu Iratpa extensively held all over|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
 
=== Panthoibi Iratpa ===
{{Main|Panthoibi Iratpa}}
''Panthoibi Iratpa'' (''Panthoibi Eratpa'') is celebrated in honor of goddess [[Panthoibi]] every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/panthoibi-celebrations-under-way/cid/319225|title=Panthoibi celebrations under way|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
[[File:Panthoibi at Hojai, Assam 01.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Panthoibi during [[Panthoibi Iratpa]] festival celebrated at Hojai Natun Bazar, [[Assam]]]]
=== Phouoibi Irat Thouni ===
{{See|Phouoibi}}
''Phouoibi Irat Thouni'' or ''Phouoibi Iratpa'' or just ''Phouoibi worship'' is done during the the [[Meitei calendar|Meitei lunar month]] of ''Wakching'' (December-January interface month).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&dq=Poinu+is+the+month+of+harvest+when+the+granary+must+not+be+disturbed+and+Wakching+is+the+month+during+which+Phouoibi+the+goddess+of+paddy+is+worshipped.&pg=PA37|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp23..081213.dec13|title=Irat Thouni of Phouoibi|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
 
== Ima Keithel ==
{{Main|Ima Keithel}}
''Ima Keithel'' ({{lang-en|[[Mothers' Market]]}}) is the world's only women run market.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eENU_a8c79MC&dq=ima+keithel+market+khwairamband+only+women+world&pg=PA974|title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh|last=Gupta|first=Om|date=2006|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-389-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjzcDAAAQBAJ&dq=ima+market+nupi+keithel+only+women+world&pg=PT37|title=Vyapar Shastra|last=Shivhare|first=Vishal|date=2016-08-17|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8495-898-0|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Singh">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=ima+keithel+market+only+women+world&pg=PA4|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref> The [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 1), the [[Imoinu|Imoinu Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 2) and the [[Phouoibi|Phouoibi Ima Keithel]] (Complex Number 3) are the three main building complexes of the Ima Keithel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/imphal/all-women-imphal-market-reopens-after-10-months/amp_articleshow/80974793.cms|title=All-women Imphal market reopens after 10 months|website=m.timesofindia.com}}</ref> This 500 years old market is in the center of [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]].<ref name="Singh"/> The three building complexes are named in honor of the three goddesses, [[Leimarel Sidabi]], [[Imoinu]] and [[Phouoibi]]. The later two are the incarnations of the first.
 
== In popular culture ==
In popular culture, the incarnations of goddess Leimarel are shown in arts, [[#Bibliography|books]], movies, web series and many others. Here are a few:
* [[Phou-oibi, the rice goddess]] is a 2009 ballad opera. It was performed by the [[Laihui Ensemble]]. It is based on the story of [[Phouoibi]] and her sister goddesses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2013/03/22/laihui-ensemble-manipur-%E2%80%93-phou-oibi-the-rice-goddess-to-perform-at-esplanade-theatre-studio-singapore/|title=Laihui Ensemble Manipur – Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess to perform at Esplanade Theatre Studio Singapore|website=www.manipur.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sgmagazine.com/events/singapore-music-festivals/phou-oibi-rice-goddess-laihui-ensemble|title=Phou-Oibi, the Rice Goddess by Laihui Ensemble|website=sgmagazine.com}}</ref>
* [[Phouoibi Shayon]] is a 2017 Meitei mythological movie. It is based on the story of [[Phouoibi]] and her sister goddesses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..010417.apr17|title=Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar : 01st apr17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2017/03/31/phouoibi-shayon-to-be-shown-at-shankar/|title=Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar – Manipur News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/8155-film-release|title=Film Release - Imphal Times|first=Maheshwar|last=Gurumayum|website=www.imphaltimes.com}}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mythology]]
 
== Bibliography ==
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465471 Ariba Meiteigee Seitha by Gourachandra, Mayanglambam]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.310153 Emoinu Ahongbi Tungnapham by Budhichandra, Yumnamcha]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466055 Holy Man by Dhiren Meitei,a.k]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465337 Kangleikhol January 1988 by Kangjia, Ng]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466636 Laiyingthou Lairemmasinggee Waree Seengbul by Neelabi, Sairem]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466654 Leeklam by Apunba Shintha Lup]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465422 Leimarel Mingkhei by Bhogeshawr, Oinam]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465572 Yimpallon by Singh, Wakhemcha Tomba]
 
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei religion]]
 
{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Latest revision as of 17:32, 26 March 2022

Leimarel Sidabi (Meitei: ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤ) is the highest ranked mother goddess in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism). She is known for having many incarnations as divine ladies.[1][2][3] Each of her incarnations are for the welfare of the mankind. For this reason, she is known as Langon Yambi Ima (Meitei: ꯂꯥꯡꯉꯣꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯏꯃꯥ, lit. The Divine Mother who incarnates herself in many divine forms).[4]

Princess Thoibi of Ancient Moirang is one of the incarnations of goddess Leimarel.

Among her incarnations, the personalities of Emoinu, Panthoibi and Phouoibi depict as well as influence the boldness, courage, independence, goodness and social honour of Meitei women.[5]

The connection of the highest female form with the basic needs of life shows the importance of women in Meitei society.[3]

IncarnationsEdit

ImoinuEdit

Main article: Imoinu

Imoinu or Emoinu (Meitei: ꯏꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[2] Supreme God Sidaba (Old Manipuri: Sitapa) asked His wife, Leimarel Sidabi (Old Manipuri: Leimalel Sitapi) to create another Leimarel. Leimarel Sidabi is the first woman. The second Leimarel will be the second woman. She is to take care of the mankind on the planet earth. Goddess Leimarel Sidabi created the second Leimarel. The appearances of the first and the second Leimarels were similar. The first Leimarel named the second one as Emoinu Ahongbi.[6]

IreimaEdit

Main article: Ireima

Ireima (Meitei: ꯏꯔꯩꯃ, Ereima) alias Irai Leima (Meitei: ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ, Erai Leima) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. She is the goddess of water.[3][4]

Lān LeimaEdit

Lān Leima (Meitei: ꯂꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ, Laan Leima) or Lāl Leima (Meitei: ꯂꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ, Laal Leima) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. Leimalel becomes Lān Leima when she is in the battlefield. Lān Leima is the goddess of war.[4]

LeinaotabiEdit

Main article: Leinaotabi

Leinaotabi (Meitei: ꯂꯩꯅꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕꯤ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[7] She was the youngest wife of God Thongalel. Later, she was married to Poireiton.

Lul LeimaEdit

Lul Leima (Meitei: ꯂꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ) (also pronounced as Lal Leima) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. She is the goddess of wealth.[3][4]

NgaleimaEdit

Main article: Ngaleima

Ngaleima (Old Manipuri: ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ) alias Ngareima (Meitei: ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. Leimalel becomes Ngaleima when she is in the fish yard. Ngaleima is the goddess of fish.[4]

Nongthang LeimaEdit

Main article: Nongthang Leima

Nongthang Leima (Meitei: ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[8] She is the goddess of charm, thunder and lightning.[9]

PanthoibiEdit

Main article: Panthoibi

Panthoibi (Meitei: ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[2][10] She is the goddess of civilization, fertility, love, warfare and wisdom.[11]

PhouleimaEdit

Main article: Phouleima

Phouleima (Old Manipuri: ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ) alias Phouoibi (Meitei: ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[2][12][13] Leimalel becomes Phouoibi when she is in the granaries or the barns.[4] Phouoibi is the goddess of agricultural crops and harvest.[14]

Shil LeimaEdit

Shil Leima (Meitei: ꯁꯤꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ) alias Shin Leima (Meitei: ꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. Leimalel becomes Shil Leima when she is in factories. Shil Leima is the goddess of crafts.[4]

ThoibiEdit

Main article: Moirang Thoibi

Moirang Thoibi (Meitei: ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.[15] She is a princess of Ancient Moirang kingdom. She is also one of the important characters in the Moirang Shayon and the Moirang Kangleirol.

ThumleimaEdit

Main article: Thumleima

Thumleima (Meitei: ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ) is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. Leimalel becomes Thumleima when she is in the salt mines. Thumleima is the goddess of salt.[4]

7 Divine LadiesEdit

Leimalel also incarnates herself as the seven divine ladies. The seven divine ladies are Heepokpi (Meitei: ꯍꯤꯄꯣꯛꯄꯤ), Yaipokpi (Meitei: ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯣꯛꯄꯤ), Heeleima (Meitei: ꯍꯤꯂꯩꯃ), Yaileima (Meitei: ꯌꯥꯢꯂꯩꯃ), Heekubi (Meitei: ꯍꯤꯀꯨꯕꯤ), Yaikubi (Meitei: ꯌꯥꯢꯀꯨꯕꯤ) and Yaisna (Meitei: ꯌꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯅꯥ).[4]

Goddesses of the 7 clansEdit

The seven goddesses of the seven clans (Meitei: Yek) are the incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi.[2]

Goddesses Latin transliterations (Romanization) Associated clans/dynasties Latin transliterations (Romanization)
ꯂꯩꯀꯛꯕꯤꯌꯥꯔꯦꯜ Leikakbiyarel ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯥ Ningthouja
ꯂꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅꯨ Laibi Ahumnoo ꯑꯉꯣꯝ Angom
ꯊꯥꯡꯋꯣꯢꯕꯤ Thangwoibee ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ Luwang
ꯃꯥꯟꯋꯣꯢꯕꯤ Manwoibi ꯈꯨꯃꯟ Khuman
ꯆꯤꯠꯅꯨ ꯂꯩꯃ Chitnu Leima ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ Moirang
ꯊꯦꯔꯩ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ ꯆꯅꯨ Therei Langbam Chanu ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ/ꯁꯂꯥꯡ-ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ Chenglei/Salang-Leishangthem
ꯂꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯟ Lai Leimaren ꯈꯥꯕ-ꯉꯥꯟꯕ Khaba-Nganba

Festivals and WorshipEdit

Imoinu IratpaEdit

Main article: Imoinu Iratpa

Imoinu Iratpa (Emoinu Eratpa) is celebrated in honor of goddess Imoinu (Emoinu) on the 12th of Meitei lunar month of Wakching (December-January interface month) every year.[16][17] Fruits, vegetables and fish are offered to goddess Imoinu.[18]

Panthoibi IratpaEdit

Main article: Panthoibi Iratpa

Panthoibi Iratpa (Panthoibi Eratpa) is celebrated in honor of goddess Panthoibi every year.[19]

 
Statue of Panthoibi during Panthoibi Iratpa festival celebrated at Hojai Natun Bazar, Assam

Phouoibi Irat ThouniEdit

Further information: Phouoibi

Phouoibi Irat Thouni or Phouoibi Iratpa or just Phouoibi worship is done during the the Meitei lunar month of Wakching (December-January interface month).[20][21]

Ima KeithelEdit

Main article: Ima Keithel

Ima Keithel (English: Mothers' Market) is the world's only women run market.[22][23][24] The Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel (Complex Number 1), the Imoinu Ima Keithel (Complex Number 2) and the Phouoibi Ima Keithel (Complex Number 3) are the three main building complexes of the Ima Keithel.[25] This 500 years old market is in the center of Imphal, Manipur.[24] The three building complexes are named in honor of the three goddesses, Leimarel Sidabi, Imoinu and Phouoibi. The later two are the incarnations of the first.

In popular cultureEdit

In popular culture, the incarnations of goddess Leimarel are shown in arts, books, movies, web series and many others. Here are a few:

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Incarnations of goddess Leimarel. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Gassah, L. S. (1998). Traditional Institutions of Meghalaya: A Case Study of Doloi and His Administration. Regency Publications. p. 173. ISBN 978-81-86030-49-3.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. p. 74. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Kipgen, Tingneichong G. (2010). Women's Role in the 20th Century Manipur: A Historical Study. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-803-1.
  6. ↑ "EMOINU AHONGBI THOUNIROL (A Traditional adoration to Goddess Emoinu)". e-pao.net.
  7. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Leimarel and Leinaotabi. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  8. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Leimarel and Nongthang Leima. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  9. ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0.
  10. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Leimarel and Panthoibi. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  11. ↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.
  12. ↑ Singh, L. Bhagyachandra (1991). A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. p. 147.
  13. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Leimarel and Phouleima. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  14. ↑ Session, North East India History Association (1999). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
  15. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. Leimarel and Thoibi. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  16. ↑ "Emoinu day". e-pao.net.
  17. ↑ "Emoinu Eratpa celebrated". e-pao.net.
  18. ↑ "Imoinu Iratpa extensively held all over". e-pao.net.
  19. ↑ "Panthoibi celebrations under way". telegraphindia.com.
  20. ↑ Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  21. ↑ "Irat Thouni of Phouoibi". e-pao.net.
  22. ↑ Gupta, Om (2006). Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8205-389-2.
  23. ↑ Shivhare, Vishal (2016-08-17). Vyapar Shastra. Jaico Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8495-898-0.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
  25. ↑ "All-women Imphal market reopens after 10 months". m.timesofindia.com.
  26. ↑ "Laihui Ensemble Manipur – Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess to perform at Esplanade Theatre Studio Singapore". www.manipur.org.
  27. ↑ "Phou-Oibi, the Rice Goddess by Laihui Ensemble". sgmagazine.com.
  28. ↑ "Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar : 01st apr17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
  29. ↑ "Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar – Manipur News".
  30. ↑ Gurumayum, Maheshwar. "Film Release - Imphal Times". www.imphaltimes.com.

BibliographyEdit


Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incarnations_of_Leimarel_Sidabi&oldid=307045"