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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
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{{Misls}}
{{Misls}}
The '''Bhangi Misl''' ({{lang-pnb|ਭੰਗੀ ਮਿਸਲ ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{Nastaliq|بھنگی مثل}}([[Shahmukhi]])}}) was a large [[Sikh]] [[Misl]]<ref name="BhangiMisl"/> headquartered in a village near [[Amritsar]]. It was founded in the early 18th century by [[Chhajja Singh|Sardar Chhajja Singh]],<ref name="BhangiMisl">Sikh History (2004). [http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/bhangi.html "The Bhangi Misal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135121/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/bhangi.html |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''History of the Sikhs'', 2004. Retrieved on 7 September 2016</ref><ref>Singh, Rishi (2015). ''State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony:Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab''. India: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 23 April 2015. {{ISBN|9789351500759}}</ref><ref>Dhavan, Purnima (2011). ''When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799'', p.60. OUP USA Publisher, 3 November 2011.</ref> who was baptised by [[Banda Singh Bahadur|Baba Banda Singh Bahadur]].<ref name="Jaspreet">Jaspreet Kaur (2000). ''Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective'', p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.</ref><ref>Jain, Harish (2003). ''The Making of Punjab'', p. 201. Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd, Chandigarh.</ref> The ''misl'' received its name "Bhangi" because Chhajja Singh and his soldiers frequently used the herbal intoxicant [[bhang]] (drink made from [[cannabis sativa]]).<ref>Singh, Bhagata (1993). ''A History of The Sikh Misals'', p. 89. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1993.</ref><ref>Seetal, Sohan Singh (1981). ''The Sikh Misals and the Punjab States'', p.11. India: Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana, 1981.</ref> After [[Chhajja Singh Dhillon|Sardar Chhajja Singh]]'s death, the Bhangi ''misl'' was succeeded by [[Bhuma Singh]].<ref name="SandhuJaspreet">Sandhu, Jaspreet Kaur (2000). ''Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective'', p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.</ref><ref name="Khushwant Singh">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567308-1|pages=127|date=2004-10-11}}</ref>
The '''Bhangi Misl''' was a large [[Sikh]] [[Misl]]<ref name="BhangiMisl"/> headquartered in a village near [[Amritsar]]. It was founded in the early 18th century by [[Chhajja Singh Dhillon|Sardar Chhajja Singh]],<ref name="BhangiMisl">Sikh History (2004). [http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/bhangi.html "The Bhangi Misal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135121/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/bhangi.html |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''History of the Sikhs'', 2004. Retrieved on 7 September 2016</ref><ref>Singh, Rishi (2015). ''State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony:Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab''. India: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 23 April 2015. {{ISBN|9789351500759}}</ref><ref>Dhavan, Purnima (2011). ''When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799'', p.60. OUP USA Publisher, 3 November 2011.</ref> who was baptised by [[Banda Singh Bahadur]].<ref name="Jaspreet">Jaspreet Kaur (2000). ''Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective'', p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.</ref><ref>Jain, Harish (2003). ''The Making of Punjab'', p. 201. Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd, Chandigarh.</ref> The ''misl'' received its name "Bhangi" because Chhajja Singh and his soldiers frequently used the herbal intoxicant [[bhang]] (drink made from [[cannabis sativa]]).<ref>Singh, Bhagata (1993). ''A History of The Sikh Misals'', p. 89. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1993.</ref><ref>Seetal, Sohan Singh (1981). ''The Sikh Misals and the Punjab States'', p.11. India: Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana, 1981.</ref> After Singh's death, the Bhangi ''misl'' was succeeded by [[Bhuma Singh]].<ref name="SandhuJaspreet">Sandhu, Jaspreet Kaur (2000). ''Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective'', p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.</ref><ref name="Khushwant Singh">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567308-1|pages=127|date=2004-10-11}}</ref>


==Expanse of Bhangi Misl==  
==Expanse of Bhangi Misl==  
It grew in strength and territory to cover an area from [[Attock]] to [[Multan]] and emerged as the strongest power in the western [[Punjab region]].<ref name="McLeod2005">{{cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=Historical dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC&pg=PA35|year=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0|page=35}}</ref> However, deaths among the leadership during the late 1760s reduced the Misl's power.<ref name="McLeod2005"/>
It grew in strength and territory to cover an area from [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]] to [[Multan]] and emerged as the strongest power in the western [[Punjab region]].<ref name="McLeod2005">{{cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=Historical dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC&pg=PA35|year=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0|page=35}}</ref> However, deaths among the leadership during the late 1760s reduced the Misl's power.<ref name="McLeod2005"/>


==Decline of Power==
==Decline of power==
The Bhangi misl engaged in numerous power struggles with the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] until they were severely weakened at the [[Battle of Basin]] and the loss of Lahore to [[Ranjit Singh]].
The Bhangi misl engaged in numerous power struggles with the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] until they were severely weakened at the [[Battle of Basin]] and the loss of Lahore to [[Ranjit Singh]].{{cn|date=August 2021}}


Bhangi Misl held the possession of [[Zamzama]], the famous cannon, which was at the time named Bhangi Toap, Bhangianwala Toap and Bhangian di Top, names it retains to this day.<ref>Singh, Khushwant ''A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469-1839''. Oxford University Press, 2004, Page 198, Footnote 11</ref>
Bhangi Misl held the possession of [[Zamzama]], the famous cannon, which was at the time named Bhangi Toap, Bhangianwala Toap and Bhangian di Top, names it retains to this day.<ref>Singh, Khushwant ''A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469-1839''. Oxford University Press, 2004, Page 198, Footnote 11</ref>
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[[Category:Misls]]
[[Category:Misls]]
[[Category:Cannabis and Sikhism]]
[[Category:Cannabis and Sikhism]]


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{{Sikhism-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:51, 18 August 2021


Misls of the Sikh Confederacy
A 1780 map of the Punjab Region shows the relative positions of the Sikh Misls and other states.

Phulkian Misl · Ahluwalia Misl · Bhangi Misl · Kanhaiya Misl · Ramgarhia Misl · Singhpuria Misl · Panjgarhia Misl · Nishanwalia Misl · Sukerchakia Misl · Dallewalia Misl · Nakai Misl ·

Shaheedan Misl

The Bhangi Misl was a large Sikh Misl[1] headquartered in a village near Amritsar. It was founded in the early 18th century by Sardar Chhajja Singh,[1][2][3] who was baptised by Banda Singh Bahadur.[4][5] The misl received its name "Bhangi" because Chhajja Singh and his soldiers frequently used the herbal intoxicant bhang (drink made from cannabis sativa).[6][7] After Singh's death, the Bhangi misl was succeeded by Bhuma Singh.[8][9]

Expanse of Bhangi Misl[edit]

It grew in strength and territory to cover an area from Gujrat to Multan and emerged as the strongest power in the western Punjab region.[10] However, deaths among the leadership during the late 1760s reduced the Misl's power.[10]

Decline of power[edit]

The Bhangi misl engaged in numerous power struggles with the Sukerchakia Misl until they were severely weakened at the Battle of Basin and the loss of Lahore to Ranjit Singh.[citation needed]

Bhangi Misl held the possession of Zamzama, the famous cannon, which was at the time named Bhangi Toap, Bhangianwala Toap and Bhangian di Top, names it retains to this day.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sikh History (2004). "The Bhangi Misal" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, History of the Sikhs, 2004. Retrieved on 7 September 2016
  2. ↑ Singh, Rishi (2015). State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony:Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab. India: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 23 April 2015. ISBN 9789351500759
  3. ↑ Dhavan, Purnima (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799, p.60. OUP USA Publisher, 3 November 2011.
  4. ↑ Jaspreet Kaur (2000). Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective, p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.
  5. ↑ Jain, Harish (2003). The Making of Punjab, p. 201. Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd, Chandigarh.
  6. ↑ Singh, Bhagata (1993). A History of The Sikh Misals, p. 89. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1993.
  7. ↑ Seetal, Sohan Singh (1981). The Sikh Misals and the Punjab States, p.11. India: Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana, 1981.
  8. ↑ Sandhu, Jaspreet Kaur (2000). Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective, p.99. Vision & Venture, Patiala, 2000.
  9. ↑ Singh, Khushwant (11 October 2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838. Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-19-567308-1.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 McLeod, W. H. (2005). Historical dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8108-5088-0.
  11. ↑ Singh, Khushwant A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469-1839. Oxford University Press, 2004, Page 198, Footnote 11
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