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Rebellion of Mauryan Provinces: Difference between revisions
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* [[Dasharatha Maurya|Dasharatha]] still recognised as the De jure ruler of the [[Mauryan Empire]]. | * [[Dasharatha Maurya|Dasharatha]] still recognised as the De jure ruler of the [[Mauryan Empire]]. | ||
| territory = | | territory = | ||
| combatant2 = [[Satavahana dynasty]]<br>[[Kashmir]] Province<br>[[Gandhara]] Province<br>[[Mahameghavahana dynasty]]<br>[[Chola dynasty]]<br>[[Chera dynasty]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] Rebeled [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] Princes | | combatant2 = [[Satavahana dynasty]]<br>[[Kashmir]] Province<br>[[Gandhara]] Province<br>[[Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era)|Vidharbha]] Province<br>[[Mahameghavahana dynasty]]<br>[[Chola dynasty]]<br>[[Chera dynasty]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] Rebeled [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] Princes | ||
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Mauryan Empire]] | | combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Mauryan Empire]] | ||
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Jalauka]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Sophagasenus]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Kunala]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Bandhupalita]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Indrapalita]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Dronsa]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Virasena of | | commander2 = [[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Jalauka]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Sophagasenus]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Kunala]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Bandhupalita]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Indrapalita]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Dronsa]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Virasena]]<br>[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era)|Yajnasena]] | ||
| commander1 =[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Dasharatha Maurya]] | | commander1 =[[File:Flag of Maurya Empire.pvg.png|22px|border]] [[Dasharatha Maurya]] | ||
| caption = [[Maurya Empire]] after the rebellion of the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] Provinces | | caption = [[Maurya Empire]] after the rebellion of the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] Provinces | ||
| partof = [[Mauryan Empire|Decline of the Mauryan Empire]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
Several provinces broke away, with rulers like Jalauka in Kashmir and Virasena in [[Gandhara]] establishing independent kingdoms. The northwestern territories were lost, and southern vassal states such as the [[Satavahanas]] and the [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]] of Kalinga reasserted their independence. While Dasharatha retained control over Magadha, the overall imperial structure disintegrated, leading to the eventual end of the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan dynasty]]. | Several provinces broke away, with rulers like Jalauka in Kashmir and Virasena in [[Gandhara]] establishing independent kingdoms. The northwestern territories were lost, and southern vassal states such as the [[Satavahanas]] and the [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]] of Kalinga reasserted their independence. While Dasharatha retained control over Magadha, the overall imperial structure disintegrated, leading to the eventual end of the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan dynasty]]. | ||
==Background== | |||
According to the ''Ashokavadana'', the emperor fell severely ill during his last days. He started using state funds to make donations to the Buddhist sangha, prompting his ministers to deny him access to the state treasury. Ashoka then started donating his personal possessions, but was similarly restricted from doing so. On his deathbed, his only possession was the half of a [[phyllanthus emblica|myrobalan fruit]], which he offered to the sangha as his final donation.{{sfn|Strong|1989|p=18}} Such legends encourage generous donations to the ''sangha'' and highlight the role of the emperorship in supporting the Buddhist faith.{{sfn|Singh|2008|p=332}} | |||
Legend states that during his cremation, his body burned for seven days and nights.<ref>{{cite book |last=Strong |first=John |date=2007 |title=Relics of the Buddha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqAB6PKyP98C&pg=PA149 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |page=149 |isbn=978-81-208-3139-1 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508154548/https://books.google.com/books?id=xqAB6PKyP98C&pg=PA149 |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
==Rebellion== | |||
The Vayu and [[Brahmanda Purana|Brahmanda]] Puranas mention three Mauryan rulers Bandhupalita, Indrapalita and Dasona whose identification is rather difficult.<ref name="AI">Sailendra Nath Sen; ''Ancient Indian History And Civilization''. New Age International. 1999. {{ISBN|978-8122411980}}. pg 152-154.</ref> It has been suggested that they may have been members of a branch line of the Maurya dynasty whom Dasharatha had appointed as [[Uparaja|viceroys]] for the convenience of administration. However, Smith also wrote that "there is no clear evidence to support [the] hypothesis."<ref name="TE">Vincent A. Smith; ''The Early History of India''. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 1999. {{ISBN|978-8171566181}}. pg 193-207.</ref> | |||
The political unity of the Mauryan Empire did not long survive Ashoka's death.<ref name="AI"/> One of Dasharatha's uncles, [[Jalauka]], set up an independent kingdom in [[Kashmir]]. According to [[Taranatha]], another Mauryan prince, Virasena declared himself king in [[Gandhara]].<ref name="AI"/> [[Vidarbha]] also seceded. Evidence from [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] sources confirm the loss of the north-western provinces which was then ruled by the Mauryan ruler [[Sophagasenus]] (Subhagasena, probably a successor of Virasena).<ref name="AI"/> There is also much modern speculation about a possible east–west division of the empire involving Dasharatha and another Mauryan ruler.<ref name="SII">Buddha Prakash; ''Studies in Indian history and civilization''. Shiva Lal Agarwala. 1962. pg 148-154.</ref>Epigraphic evidence indicates that Dasharatha retained imperial power in [[Magadha]].<ref name="THO">Kenneth Pletcher; ''The History of India''. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2010. {{ISBN|978-1615302017}}. pg 70.</ref> | |||
Various dynasties of the [[South India|south]] including the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana]] had been vassals of the Mauryan Empire. These kingdoms are mentioned in Ashoka's edicts (256 BCE) and were considered part of the outer circle of the imperium—subject to the rule of the Mauryan Emperor, although doubtless enjoying a considerable degree of autonomy under their local rulers.<ref name="TE"/> The death of Ashoka began the decline of imperial power in the south. Dasharatha was able to maintain some command of the home provinces, but the distant governments, including areas in the south, broke away from imperial rule and reasserted their independence.<ref name="TE"/> The [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]] of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] in central-eastern India also broke away from imperial rule after the death of Ashoka.<ref name="TE"/> | |||
==Aftermath== | |||
{{Main|Samprati's Southern Campaigns}} | |||
According to a [[Jain]] text, the provinces of [[Surashtra|Saurashtra]], [[History of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], [[Andhras|Andhra]] and [[History of karnataka|Mysore]] broke away from the empire shortly after Ashoka's death, but were reconquered by Dasharatha's successor, [[Samprati]] (who supposedly deployed soldiers disguised as Jain monks).<ref name="Chandra1977">{{cite book|author=Moti Chandra|title=Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDL4kA7SWkEC&pg=PA75|year=1977|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-055-6|pages=75–}}</ref> | |||
==Reference== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Sources== | |||
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century |year=2008 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC}} | |||
* {{cite book |last=Strong |first=John S. |author-link=John S. Strong |title=The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kp9uaQTQ8h8C&pg=PA232 |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0616-0}} | |||
[[Category:Wars involving the Maurya Empire]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:53, 27 June 2025
| Rebellion of Mauryan Provinces | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Decline of the Mauryan Empire | |||||||
 Maurya Empire after the rebellion of the Mauryan Provinces | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Mauryan Empire |
Satavahana dynasty Kashmir Province Gandhara Province Vidharbha Province Mahameghavahana dynasty Chola dynasty Chera dynasty Rebeled Mauryan Princes | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Dasharatha Maurya |
Jalauka Sophagasenus Kunala Bandhupalita Indrapalita Dronsa Virasena Yajnasena | ||||||
Several provinces broke away, with rulers like Jalauka in Kashmir and Virasena in Gandhara establishing independent kingdoms. The northwestern territories were lost, and southern vassal states such as the Satavahanas and the Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga reasserted their independence. While Dasharatha retained control over Magadha, the overall imperial structure disintegrated, leading to the eventual end of the Mauryan dynasty.
Background[edit]
According to the Ashokavadana, the emperor fell severely ill during his last days. He started using state funds to make donations to the Buddhist sangha, prompting his ministers to deny him access to the state treasury. Ashoka then started donating his personal possessions, but was similarly restricted from doing so. On his deathbed, his only possession was the half of a myrobalan fruit, which he offered to the sangha as his final donation.[1] Such legends encourage generous donations to the sangha and highlight the role of the emperorship in supporting the Buddhist faith.[2]
Legend states that during his cremation, his body burned for seven days and nights.[3]
Rebellion[edit]
The Vayu and Brahmanda Puranas mention three Mauryan rulers Bandhupalita, Indrapalita and Dasona whose identification is rather difficult.[4] It has been suggested that they may have been members of a branch line of the Maurya dynasty whom Dasharatha had appointed as viceroys for the convenience of administration. However, Smith also wrote that "there is no clear evidence to support [the] hypothesis."[5] The political unity of the Mauryan Empire did not long survive Ashoka's death.[4] One of Dasharatha's uncles, Jalauka, set up an independent kingdom in Kashmir. According to Taranatha, another Mauryan prince, Virasena declared himself king in Gandhara.[4] Vidarbha also seceded. Evidence from Greek sources confirm the loss of the north-western provinces which was then ruled by the Mauryan ruler Sophagasenus (Subhagasena, probably a successor of Virasena).[4] There is also much modern speculation about a possible east–west division of the empire involving Dasharatha and another Mauryan ruler.[6]Epigraphic evidence indicates that Dasharatha retained imperial power in Magadha.[7]
Various dynasties of the south including the Satavahana had been vassals of the Mauryan Empire. These kingdoms are mentioned in Ashoka's edicts (256 BCE) and were considered part of the outer circle of the imperium—subject to the rule of the Mauryan Emperor, although doubtless enjoying a considerable degree of autonomy under their local rulers.[5] The death of Ashoka began the decline of imperial power in the south. Dasharatha was able to maintain some command of the home provinces, but the distant governments, including areas in the south, broke away from imperial rule and reasserted their independence.[5] The Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga in central-eastern India also broke away from imperial rule after the death of Ashoka.[5]
Aftermath[edit]
According to a Jain text, the provinces of Saurashtra, Maharashtra, Andhra and Mysore broke away from the empire shortly after Ashoka's death, but were reconquered by Dasharatha's successor, Samprati (who supposedly deployed soldiers disguised as Jain monks).[8]
Reference[edit]
- ↑ Strong 1989, p. 18.
- ↑ Singh 2008, p. 332.
- ↑ Strong, John (2007). Relics of the Buddha. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 149. ISBN 978-81-208-3139-1. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Sailendra Nath Sen; Ancient Indian History And Civilization. New Age International. 1999. ISBN 978-8122411980. pg 152-154.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Vincent A. Smith; The Early History of India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 1999. ISBN 978-8171566181. pg 193-207.
- ↑ Buddha Prakash; Studies in Indian history and civilization. Shiva Lal Agarwala. 1962. pg 148-154.
- ↑ Kenneth Pletcher; The History of India. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1615302017. pg 70.
- ↑ Moti Chandra (1977). Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-81-7017-055-6.
Sources[edit]
- Singh, Upinder (2008). A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- Strong, John S. (1989). The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0616-0.