Sambhaji's invasion of Goa: Difference between revisions

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The '''Maratha–Portuguese War of 1683–1684''' or ''Sambhaji's Invasion of Goa'''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nVIBhrRb9AC&dq=sambhaji%27s+invasion&pg=PA332 | title=The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond, 1540-1750 | isbn=978-0-8047-2271-1 | last1=Alden | first1=Dauril | date=1996 | publisher=Stanford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV6-EAAAQBAJ&dq=sambhaji%27s+invasion&pg=PA224 | title=The Portuguese in India and Other Studies, 1500-1700 | isbn=978-1-000-94158-6 | last1=Disney | first1=A. R. | date=31 May 2023 | publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMBAAAAMAAJ&q=sambhaji%27s+invasion | title=History of Bombay, 1661-1708 | last1=David | first1=M. D. | date=1973 }}</ref> refers to the Maratha invasion of the Portuguese-controlled portions of [[Velhas Conquistas|Goa]] and [[Portuguese Bombay|Bombay]] areas of [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Herald: Did Shivaji think of conquering 'Portuguese' Goa? |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/UPFRONT/Did-Shivaji-think-of-conquering-Portuguese-Goa/157309 |access-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409160610/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/UPFRONT/Did-Shivaji-think-of-conquering-Portuguese-Goa/157309 |archive-date=9 April 2022 }}</ref> The conflict between the [[Mahratta Confederacy]] and the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay]]; continued on various fronts in between 1683 and 1684.
The '''Maratha–Portuguese War of 1683–1684''' or '''Sambhaji's Invasion of Goa'''<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nVIBhrRb9AC&dq=sambhaji%27s+invasion&pg=PA332 | title=The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond, 1540-1750 | isbn=978-0-8047-2271-1 | last1=Alden | first1=Dauril | date=1996 | publisher=Stanford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oV6-EAAAQBAJ&dq=sambhaji%27s+invasion&pg=PA224 | title=The Portuguese in India and Other Studies, 1500-1700 | isbn=978-1-000-94158-6 | last1=Disney | first1=A. R. | date=31 May 2023 | publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMBAAAAMAAJ&q=sambhaji%27s+invasion | title=History of Bombay, 1661-1708 | last1=David | first1=M. D. | date=1973 }}</ref> refers to the Maratha invasion of the Portuguese-controlled portions of [[Velhas Conquistas|Goa]] and [[Portuguese Bombay|Bombay]] areas of [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Herald: Did Shivaji think of conquering 'Portuguese' Goa? |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/UPFRONT/Did-Shivaji-think-of-conquering-Portuguese-Goa/157309 |access-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409160610/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/UPFRONT/Did-Shivaji-think-of-conquering-Portuguese-Goa/157309 |archive-date=9 April 2022 }}</ref> The conflict between the [[Mahratta Confederacy]] and the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay]]; continued on various fronts in between 1683 and 1684.


The Portuguese had maintained relations with the Marathas under [[Shivaji]], in order to check the [[Deccan Sultanates]]. In 1682, two years after the death of Shivaji, [[Sambhaji]] started arming & fortifying the border along Portuguese territories. The concerned Portuguese then aligned themselves with the [[Mughal empire|Moghals]].
The Portuguese had maintained relations with the Marathas under [[Shivaji]], in order to check the [[Deccan Sultanates]]. In 1682, two years after the death of Shivaji, [[Sambhaji]] started arming & fortifying the border along Portuguese territories. The concerned Portuguese then aligned themselves with the [[Mughal empire|Moghals]].
==Bassein theatre==
{{see also|Battle of Vasai}}
[[File:Fortaleza de bacaim.jpg|thumb|The Portuguese fortress of Bassein.]]
Between April and May 1683, the Marathas invaded Portuguese Konkan in the north and plundered Portuguese-controlled towns and villages at [[Dahanu]], [[Asheri]], Trapor, & [[Vasai (Bassein)]].  Sambhaji's Peshwa Nilopant Pingle devastated, plundered and occupied 40 miles of Portuguese territory including the villages of Chembur, Talode, Kolve, [[Mahim]], Dantore & Sargaon.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Mahrattas also temporarily occupied some forts around Bassein and Damaon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nw4fAAAAIAAJ|title=History of Aurangzib: Based on Original sources|publisher=Longmans, Green and company|year=1920|isbn=|volume=IV|location=London|pages=331}}</ref>
==Chaul theatre==
The Brahmin [[Peshva]] Nilopant Pingle kept the pressure on [[Revdanda fort|Chaul]]. The Marathas plundered the villages in July 1683. On 10 August 1683 they sieged Chaul with 2000 horsemen and 6000 infantry in the siege of Chaul.<ref name="lobato">Alexandre Lobato: ''Relações Luso-Maratas 1658-1737'', Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, Lisboa, 1965, pp. 28-34.</ref> On August 18, they attempted to storm the fortress, however they were repulsed.<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/82/mode/1up?view=theater Portuguese-Mahratta Relations]''. p. 82.</ref>
==List of conflicts==
==List of conflicts==
:{{legend2|#AF9|style="background:#AF9"|Maratha victory|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#AF9|style="background:#AF9"|Maratha victory|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#F88|style="background:#F88"|Portuguese victory|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#F88|style="background:#F88"|Portuguese victory|border=1px solid #AAA}}
:{{legend2|#FCE883"|Peace}}
:{{legend2|#FCE883"|Peace}}
{| class="wikitable"
! width="10%" | Date
! width="30%" | Conflict
! width="20%" | Marathas
! width="20%" | Portuguese
! width="20%" | Result
|-
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! width="10%" | Date
! width="10%" | Date
Line 46: Line 47:
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory
*[[Marathas]] plundered villages and two Padres were taken captive<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=81 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/80/mode/2up?view=theater}}</ref>
*[[Marathas]] plundered villages and two Padres were taken captive<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=81 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/80/mode/2up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Dahanu'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations">{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=88 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|- 
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Trapor'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Bassein'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Chembur'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Talode'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Kolve'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Mahim'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Dantore'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Sargaon'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Bassein'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| April–May 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Daman'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| July 1683
| '''Maratha raids of Chaul'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=84 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| August 1683
| '''Siege of Chaul'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=85 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| 1683
| '''Maratha invasions of Goa'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Bardez'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Salcete'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| 1683
| '''Sack of Salcete Churches'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|- 
| October 1683
| '''First Ponda skirmishes'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="archive.org">{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=83 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/83/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Second Ponda skirmishes'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#ff7e80"| [[Portuguese Empire]] victory<ref name="archive.org"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Third Ponda skirmishes'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="archive.org"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Siege of Ponda'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory
*[[Portuguese army]] lifted the siege<ref name="archive.org"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Battle of Ponda'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory
*[[Maratha Army]] completely routed the retreating [[Portugal|Portuguese]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=84 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/83/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Santo Estavam'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Capture of San Estevam'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Fire of Santo Estavão Church'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| November 1683
| '''Maratha raids of Goan villages'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|- 
| 24 November 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Passo Seco'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=87 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| 25 November 1683
| '''Battle of Juvem Island'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Salcete'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Bardes'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha raid of Rachol'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=90 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Tivim'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Chapora'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Margão'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Ilhas de Goa'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#ff7e80"| [[Portuguese Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Mormugao'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#ff7e80"| [[Portuguese Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha invasion of Rebdanda'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Bassein'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Daman'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
| December 1683
| '''Maratha occupation of Northern Goa'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
| 1684
| '''Maratha raid of Salcete'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| 1684
| '''Maratha raid of Darvez'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#8cff90"|[[Maratha Empire]] victory<ref name="Portuguese Mahratta Relations"/>
|-
| 1684
| '''Siege of Goa'''
| [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Maratha Empire]]
| [[File:Flag of Portugal (1667).svg|23px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]
| style="background:#FCE883"| Sambhaji sent Prince Akbar & Kavi Kalash, and signed the ''Luso-Maratha Treaty of Ponda 1684''. Hostilities ceased on February 6.<ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Mahratta Relations |date=14 February 2021 |page=91 |url=https://archive.org/details/portuguese-mahratta-relations_20210214/page/87/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>
|-
|}


==Reference==
==Reference==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1683 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]

Latest revision as of 11:47, 22 June 2025

Maratha–Portuguese War 1683–1684
Mapa Topografico das Ilhas e Provincias de Goa.jpg
Portuguese topographic map of Goa, 18th century.
DateApril 1683 – 6 February 1684
Location
Konkan, India
Result Maratha victory
Territorial
changes		 Status quo ante bellum because of Mughal invasion.
Belligerents
Maratha Empire Portuguese Empire
Kingdom of Sawantwadi
Supported by:
Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Sambhaji
Yesaji Kank
Krishnaji Kank †		 Count of Alvor
Strength
11,000 infantry,
6,000 cavalry		 3,700 infantry,
20 cannons,
Unknown naval vessels
Desai rebels
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown


The Maratha–Portuguese War of 1683–1684 or Sambhaji's Invasion of Goa[1][2][3] refers to the Maratha invasion of the Portuguese-controlled portions of Goa and Bombay areas of Konkan.[4] The conflict between the Mahratta Confederacy and the Portuguese in Goa and Bombay; continued on various fronts in between 1683 and 1684.

The Portuguese had maintained relations with the Marathas under Shivaji, in order to check the Deccan Sultanates. In 1682, two years after the death of Shivaji, Sambhaji started arming & fortifying the border along Portuguese territories. The concerned Portuguese then aligned themselves with the Moghals.

Bassein theatre[edit]

See also: Battle of Vasai
The Portuguese fortress of Bassein.

Between April and May 1683, the Marathas invaded Portuguese Konkan in the north and plundered Portuguese-controlled towns and villages at Dahanu, Asheri, Trapor, & Vasai (Bassein). Sambhaji's Peshwa Nilopant Pingle devastated, plundered and occupied 40 miles of Portuguese territory including the villages of Chembur, Talode, Kolve, Mahim, Dantore & Sargaon.[citation needed] Mahrattas also temporarily occupied some forts around Bassein and Damaon.[5]

Chaul theatre[edit]

The Brahmin Peshva Nilopant Pingle kept the pressure on Chaul. The Marathas plundered the villages in July 1683. On 10 August 1683 they sieged Chaul with 2000 horsemen and 6000 infantry in the siege of Chaul.[6] On August 18, they attempted to storm the fortress, however they were repulsed.[7]

List of conflicts[edit]

  Maratha victory
  Portuguese victory
  Peace
Date Conflict Marathas Portuguese Result
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of North Konkan Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory
  • Marathas plundered villages and two Padres were taken captive[8]
April–May 1683 Maratha raid of Dahanu Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha raid of Trapor Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha raid of Bassein Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Chembur Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Talode Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Kolve Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Mahim Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Dantore Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha invasion of Sargaon Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha occupation of Bassein Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
April–May 1683 Maratha occupation of Daman Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
July 1683 Maratha raids of Chaul Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[10]
August 1683 Siege of Chaul Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[11]
1683 Maratha invasions of Goa Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
1683 Maratha invasion of Bardez Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
1683 Maratha raid of Salcete Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
1683 Sack of Salcete Churches Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
October 1683 First Ponda skirmishes Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[12]
November 1683 Second Ponda skirmishes Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Portuguese Empire victory[12]
November 1683 Third Ponda skirmishes Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[12]
November 1683 Siege of Ponda Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory
November 1683 Battle of Ponda Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory
November 1683 Maratha raid of Santo Estavam Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
November 1683 Capture of San Estevam Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
November 1683 Fire of Santo Estavão Church Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
November 1683 Maratha raids of Goan villages Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
24 November 1683 Maratha occupation of Passo Seco Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[14]
25 November 1683 Battle of Juvem Island Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Salcete Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Bardes Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha raid of Rachol Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[15]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Tivim Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[15]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Chapora Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Margão Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Ilhas de Goa Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Portuguese Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Mormugao Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Portuguese Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha invasion of Rebdanda Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
December 1683 Maratha occupation of Bassein Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[14]
December 1683 Maratha occupation of Daman Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[14]
December 1683 Maratha occupation of Northern Goa Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[14]
1684 Maratha raid of Salcete Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
1684 Maratha raid of Darvez Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Maratha Empire victory[9]
1684 Siege of Goa Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgMaratha Empire Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire Sambhaji sent Prince Akbar & Kavi Kalash, and signed the Luso-Maratha Treaty of Ponda 1684. Hostilities ceased on February 6.[16]

Reference[edit]

  1. ↑ Alden, Dauril (1996). The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond, 1540-1750. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-2271-1.
  2. ↑ Disney, A. R. (31 May 2023). The Portuguese in India and Other Studies, 1500-1700. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-94158-6.
  3. ↑ David, M. D. (1973). "History of Bombay, 1661-1708".
  4. ↑ "Herald: Did Shivaji think of conquering 'Portuguese' Goa?". 2022-04-09. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
  5. ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). History of Aurangzib: Based on Original sources. Vol. IV. London: Longmans, Green and company. p. 331.
  6. ↑ Alexandre Lobato: Relações Luso-Maratas 1658-1737, Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, Lisboa, 1965, pp. 28-34.
  7. ↑ Portuguese-Mahratta Relations. p. 82.
  8. ↑ Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 81.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 88.
  10. ↑ Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 84.
  11. ↑ Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 85.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 83.
  13. ↑ Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 84.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 87.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 90.
  16. ↑ Portuguese Mahratta Relations. 14 February 2021. p. 91.
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