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Perhaps the most commonly rejected criterion is that the primary topic should only belong to what "first comes to mind". This argument is inevitably tainted by factors such as one's location, ideology, ethnicity, and other personal biases, but we are trying to build an encyclopedia that is untainted by systemic bias. Therefore, the primary topic is determined without regard to certain attributes, such as national origin, of the articles in question.
Perhaps the most commonly rejected criterion is that the primary topic should only belong to what "first comes to mind". This argument is inevitably tainted by factors such as one's location, ideology, ethnicity, and other personal biases, but we are trying to build an encyclopedia that is untainted by systemic bias. Therefore, the primary topic is determined without regard to certain attributes, such as national origin, of the articles in question.


Because many topics on Wikipedia are more interesting or pertinent to particular groups, one potential criterion to commonly avoid is what "first comes to mind". An American might first think of [[Birmingham, Alabama|the city in Alabama]] when ''Birmingham'' is mentioned, but primary topic belongs to the [[Birmingham|city in England]], which is far more notable and whose article is read much more often. ''Raleigh'' takes you directly to [[Raleigh, North Carolina|the American city]], even though a British reader may not even know of the city and only think of [[Walter Raleigh|the explorer]] or [[Raleigh Bicycle Company|bicycle manufacturer]] when Raleigh is mentioned. What first comes to your mind when you hear the word ''Java''? It may be [[Java (coffee)|coffee]] or [[Java (programming language)|a programming language]], but the primary topic belongs to [[Java|the island]] with over 150 million people living on it.
Because many topics on Bharatpedia are more interesting or pertinent to particular groups, one potential criterion to commonly avoid is what "first comes to mind". An American might first think of [[Birmingham, Alabama|the city in Alabama]] when ''Birmingham'' is mentioned, but primary topic belongs to the [[Birmingham|city in England]], which is far more notable and whose article is read much more often. ''Raleigh'' takes you directly to [[Raleigh, North Carolina|the American city]], even though a British reader may not even know of the city and only think of [[Walter Raleigh|the explorer]] or [[Raleigh Bicycle Company|bicycle manufacturer]] when Raleigh is mentioned. What first comes to your mind when you hear the word ''Java''? It may be [[Java (coffee)|coffee]] or [[Java (programming language)|a programming language]], but the primary topic belongs to [[Java|the island]] with over 150 million people living on it.


{{shortcut|BP:TITLEPTM}}
{{shortcut|BP:TITLEPTM}}
[[BP:PTM|Partial title matches]] should also be considered. Consider what users searching with the term in question are most likely to be seeking. For instance, [[New York City]] is a partial title match for "York" and is far more notable and likely to be sought (more page views) than is [[York|the British city]] from which it got its name, and the vast majority of the time that "York" is used in books, it is used as part of the phrase "New York".{{efn|1=See [[Google Ngram Viewer]] results for [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York%2CNew+York&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%3B%2Cc0 York/New York] and [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York+is%2CNew+York+is&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%20is%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%20is%3B%2Cc0 York is/New York is].}} However, since users are unlikely to search for [[New York]] with the search term "York", which is supported by the rare use of unqualified "York" to refer to "New York" in reliable sources, [[York]] still hosts an article on the British city, and no suggestion to change that would be seriously entertained. Likewise, "Sofia" has been the first name of countless girls and women throughout history; however, as a single term it most commonly refers to [[Sofia|the Bulgarian capital]], and anyone searching with plain "Sofia" is most likely looking for that city.{{efn|US cities (such as [[Anaheim, California]]) are {{em|not}} considered as partial title matches when deciding whether they are the primary topic for the base name ("[[Anaheim]]"). They are considered full title matches for [[BP:PRIMARYREDIRECT|primary redirect]] concern; the only reason that many US city articles are located at the elongated title is the [[BP:USPLACENAMES|Wikipedia guideline]] to keep state names in titles for virtually all US cities and counties.}}
[[BP:PTM|Partial title matches]] should also be considered. Consider what users searching with the term in question are most likely to be seeking. For instance, [[New York City]] is a partial title match for "York" and is far more notable and likely to be sought (more page views) than is [[York|the British city]] from which it got its name, and the vast majority of the time that "York" is used in books, it is used as part of the phrase "New York".{{efn|1=See [[Google Ngram Viewer]] results for [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York%2CNew+York&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%3B%2Cc0 York/New York] and [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=York+is%2CNew+York+is&year_start=1808&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYork%20is%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNew%20York%20is%3B%2Cc0 York is/New York is].}} However, since users are unlikely to search for [[New York]] with the search term "York", which is supported by the rare use of unqualified "York" to refer to "New York" in reliable sources, [[York]] still hosts an article on the British city, and no suggestion to change that would be seriously entertained. Likewise, "Sofia" has been the first name of countless girls and women throughout history; however, as a single term it most commonly refers to [[Sofia|the Bulgarian capital]], and anyone searching with plain "Sofia" is most likely looking for that city.{{efn|US cities (such as [[Anaheim, California]]) are {{em|not}} considered as partial title matches when deciding whether they are the primary topic for the base name ("[[Anaheim]]"). They are considered full title matches for [[BP:PRIMARYREDIRECT|primary redirect]] concern; the only reason that many US city articles are located at the elongated title is the [[BP:USPLACENAMES|Wikipedia guideline]] to keep state names in titles for virtually all US cities and counties.}}


To be clear, it is not our ''goal'' to [[Wikipedia:Writing better articles#Principle of least astonishment|astonish our readers]], and the topic that comes first to mind indeed often is suitable as the primary topic. [[Anne Hathaway]], as one of countless examples, takes the reader to the modern-day American movie star's page, not to the article on [[Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)|the wife of William Shakespeare]]. But in no case do "what comes first to mind" or "what is astonishing" have much bearing, either positive or negative, on which topic, if any, actually is the primary topic.
To be clear, it is not our ''goal'' to [[Bharatpedia:Writing better articles#Principle of least astonishment|astonish our readers]], and the topic that comes first to mind indeed often is suitable as the primary topic. [[Anne Hathaway]], as one of countless examples, takes the reader to the modern-day American movie star's page, not to the article on [[Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)|the wife of William Shakespeare]]. But in no case do "what comes first to mind" or "what is astonishing" have much bearing, either positive or negative, on which topic, if any, actually is the primary topic.


===Redirecting to a primary topic===
===Redirecting to a primary topic===
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==Disambiguation page or hatnotes? <span class="anchor" id="Disambiguation page or hatnotes"></span>==
==Disambiguation page or hatnotes? <span class="anchor" id="Disambiguation page or hatnotes"></span>==
{{short|BP:2DABS|BP:TWODABS}}
{{short|BP:2DABS|BP:TWODABS}}
{{see also|Wikipedia:Article titles#When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic|Bharatpedia:Hatnotes are cheap|Wikipedia:Primary topics in BP:TWODABS situations}}
{{see also|Bharatpedia:Article titles#When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic|Bharatpedia:Hatnotes are cheap|Wikipedia:Primary topics in BP:TWODABS situations}}
{{For|more about hatnotes|#Hatnotes}}
{{For|more about hatnotes|#Hatnotes}}
{{For|rules about naming disambiguation pages and combining similar terms on a single page|#Disambiguation pages}}
{{For|rules about naming disambiguation pages and combining similar terms on a single page|#Disambiguation pages}}
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If there are only two topics to which a given title might refer, and one is the primary topic, then a disambiguation page is not needed—it is sufficient to use a hatnote on the primary topic article, pointing to the other article. (This means that readers looking for the second topic are spared the extra navigational step of going through the disambiguation page.)
If there are only two topics to which a given title might refer, and one is the primary topic, then a disambiguation page is not needed—it is sufficient to use a hatnote on the primary topic article, pointing to the other article. (This means that readers looking for the second topic are spared the extra navigational step of going through the disambiguation page.)


If an existing disambiguation page does not appear to be needed because there are only two topics for the ambiguous title and one of them is the primary topic, but there could reasonably be other topics ambiguous with the title on Wikipedia now or in the future, an {{tlx|about}} hatnote can be used to link to a disambiguation page (either in addition to or instead of a link directly to the other article). At the same time, the {{txl|One other topic}} template should be added to the top of the disambiguation page, which will inform users that the page has only two ambiguous terms, one of them primary; thus it may be deleted if, after a period of time no additional ambiguous topics are found to expand the disambiguation page. The {{tlx|One other topic}} template will also list the article in {{cl|Disambiguation pages containing one non-primary topic}}, allowing other editors to locate these pages and help in expanding them. If the two-dab page has been expanded to include additional ambiguous topics, {{tlx|One other topic}} template should be removed and a direct link in the primary article to the other article may not be needed anymore as a link to the disambiguation page alone may be sufficient.
If an existing disambiguation page does not appear to be needed because there are only two topics for the ambiguous title and one of them is the primary topic, but there could reasonably be other topics ambiguous with the title on Bharatpedia now or in the future, an {{tlx|about}} hatnote can be used to link to a disambiguation page (either in addition to or instead of a link directly to the other article). At the same time, the {{txl|One other topic}} template should be added to the top of the disambiguation page, which will inform users that the page has only two ambiguous terms, one of them primary; thus it may be deleted if, after a period of time no additional ambiguous topics are found to expand the disambiguation page. The {{tlx|One other topic}} template will also list the article in {{cl|Disambiguation pages containing one non-primary topic}}, allowing other editors to locate these pages and help in expanding them. If the two-dab page has been expanded to include additional ambiguous topics, {{tlx|One other topic}} template should be removed and a direct link in the primary article to the other article may not be needed anymore as a link to the disambiguation page alone may be sufficient.


===Primary topic with two or more other topics===
===Primary topic with two or more other topics===
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===Different spelling variants===
===Different spelling variants===
If the titles of two articles differ only in capitalization, pluralization, spacing, or punctuation (as per [[WP:DIFFCAPS]] or [[WP:PLURALPT]]), the articles each should contain a hatnote to link to each other: for example, [[Ice cube]] and [[Ice Cube]].
If the titles of two articles differ only in capitalization, pluralization, spacing, or punctuation (as per [[BP:DIFFCAPS]] or [[BP:PLURALPT]]), the articles each should contain a hatnote to link to each other: for example, [[Ice cube]] and [[Ice Cube]].


==Naming the specific topic articles==
==Naming the specific topic articles==
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====Dictionary definitions====
====Dictionary definitions====
{{Shortcut|BP:DABDIC|BP:DABDICT}}
{{Shortcut|BP:DABDIC|BP:DABDICT}}
A disambiguation page is not a list of dictionary definitions. A short description of the common general meaning of a word can be appropriate for helping the reader determine context. Otherwise, there are templates for linking the reader to [[Bharationary]], the wiki dictionary; see [[Template:Wiktionary]]. It is also not an interlanguage dictionary.
A disambiguation page is not a list of dictionary definitions. A short description of the common general meaning of a word can be appropriate for helping the reader determine context. Otherwise, there are templates for linking the reader to [[Bharationary]], the wiki dictionary; see [[Template:Bharationary]]. It is also not an interlanguage dictionary.


====<span id="Lists"></span>{{anchor|Partial-title-match}}Partial title matches====
====<span id="Lists"></span>{{anchor|Partial-title-match}}Partial title matches====
{{Shortcut||BP:PARTIAL|BP:PTM}}
{{Shortcut||BP:PARTIAL|BP:PTM}}
{{Redirect|BP:PARTIAL|information about Wikipedia's policy on partial blocks|Wikipedia:Partial blocks|information on partially disambiguated article titles|BP:PARTIALDAB}}
{{Redirect|BP:PARTIAL|information about Bharatpedia's policy on partial blocks|Bharatpedia:Partial blocks|information on partially disambiguated article titles|BP:PARTIALDAB}}
{{Redirect|BP:PTM|the article title guideline on primary topics|BP:TITLEPTM}}
{{Redirect|BP:PTM|the article title guideline on primary topics|BP:TITLEPTM}}


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===Preparation===
===Preparation===
Before constructing a new disambiguation page, determine a [[#Naming the specific topic articles|specific topic]] name for all existing pages, and the [[#Naming the disambiguation page|name for the disambiguation page]]. [[Help:Moving a page|Move]] any page with a conflicting title (e.g. the same exact title) to its more specific name. Use the [[Help:What links here|What links here]] list for the moved page to update pages that [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Links to disambiguated topics|link to that page]].
Before constructing a new disambiguation page, determine a [[#Naming the specific topic articles|specific topic]] name for all existing pages, and the [[#Naming the disambiguation page|name for the disambiguation page]]. [[Help:Moving a page|Move]] any page with a conflicting title (e.g. the same exact title) to its more specific name. Use the [[Help:What links here|What links here]] list for the moved page to update pages that [[Bharatpedia:Disambiguation#Links to disambiguated topics|link to that page]].


===Construction===
===Construction===
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===Double disambiguation===
===Double disambiguation===
{{shortcut|BP:DDAB|BP:DOUBLEDAB}}
{{shortcut|BP:DDAB|BP:DOUBLEDAB}}
A double disambiguation is an entry on a disambiguation page pointing to a more specifically named disambiguation page, rather than to an article. This kind of disambiguation is relatively rare on Wikipedia. In some cases, entries from the secondary page can be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] onto the primary disambiguation page with {{tl|transclude list}}.
A double disambiguation is an entry on a disambiguation page pointing to a more specifically named disambiguation page, rather than to an article. This kind of disambiguation is relatively rare on Bharatpedia. In some cases, entries from the secondary page can be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] onto the primary disambiguation page with {{tl|transclude list}}.


For example, [[Montgomery (disambiguation)|Montgomery]] is a disambiguation page that includes a link to [[Montgomery County (disambiguation)|Montgomery County]], a secondary disambiguation page. Because the intended target page is also a disambiguation page, the link is to "[[Montgomery County (disambiguation)]]" rather than directly to "Montgomery County". There are two reasons for this: One is so the page will not show up as an error needing to be fixed, and the other is so our readers know it is a link to a disambiguation page {{see below|{{slink||Links to disambiguation pages}} for further information on creating intentional links to disambiguation pages}}.
For example, [[Montgomery (disambiguation)|Montgomery]] is a disambiguation page that includes a link to [[Montgomery County (disambiguation)|Montgomery County]], a secondary disambiguation page. Because the intended target page is also a disambiguation page, the link is to "[[Montgomery County (disambiguation)]]" rather than directly to "Montgomery County". There are two reasons for this: One is so the page will not show up as an error needing to be fixed, and the other is so our readers know it is a link to a disambiguation page {{see below|{{slink||Links to disambiguation pages}} for further information on creating intentional links to disambiguation pages}}.
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=== To corresponding disambiguation pages on other Bharatpedia s ===
=== To corresponding disambiguation pages on other Bharatpedia s ===
A disambiguation page on the English Bharatpedia should be connected to the corresponding disambiguation pages in other-language Bharatpedia s. In the default interface, these will be linked in a drop-down menu at the top (or, if using the pre-2022 settings, in {{slink|Help:Interlanguage links|the sidebar}}). Such links are normally handled at Wikidata, which has [[:d:Bharatpedia:WikiProject Disambiguation pages/guidelines|guidelines for appropriate linking]].{{efn|Most recently discussed [[Bharatpedia talk:Disambiguation/Archive 55#Language sidebar links again|in 2022]].}}
A disambiguation page on the English Bharatpedia should be connected to the corresponding disambiguation pages in other-language Bharatpedia s. In the default interface, these will be linked in a drop-down menu at the top (or, if using the pre-2022 settings, in {{slink|Help:Interlanguage links|the sidebar}}). Such links are normally handled at Bharatdata, which has [[:d:Bharatpedia:WikiProject Disambiguation pages/guidelines|guidelines for appropriate linking]].{{efn|Most recently discussed [[Bharatpedia talk:Disambiguation/Archive 55#Language sidebar links again|in 2022]].}}


===<span class="anchor" id="Links to disambiguated topic"></span> Links to disambiguated topics===
===<span class="anchor" id="Links to disambiguated topic"></span> Links to disambiguated topics===
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The exceptions, when an intentional link to a disambiguation page is appropriate, are:
The exceptions, when an intentional link to a disambiguation page is appropriate, are:
* Disambiguation hatnotes: [[Watergate]] redirects to [[Watergate scandal]], which carries a [[Bharatpedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] linking to [[Watergate (disambiguation)]] for other uses.
* Disambiguation hatnotes: [[Watergate]] redirects to [[Watergate scandal]], which carries a [[Bharatpedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] linking to [[Watergate (disambiguation)]] for other uses.
* <!-- This bullet point is linked as a shortcut and thus from summaries of edits that it justifies -->Links from one disambiguation page to another for further disambiguation: [[British]] has a link to [[Britain (disambiguation)]] for further disambiguation.{{shortcut|WP:FURTHERDAB}}{{anchor|FurtherDab}}
* <!-- This bullet point is linked as a shortcut and thus from summaries of edits that it justifies -->Links from one disambiguation page to another for further disambiguation: [[British]] has a link to [[Britain (disambiguation)]] for further disambiguation.{{shortcut|BP:FURTHERDAB}}{{anchor|FurtherDab}}
* Links from set indexes: [[Laing (surname)]] contains a link to [[John Laing (disambiguation)]].
* Links from set indexes: [[Laing (surname)]] contains a link to [[John Laing (disambiguation)]].
* Exceptionally, in a "See also" list of interesting internal links where several different articles might be of interest to the reader and multiple ones are listed on the disambiguation page.
* Exceptionally, in a "See also" list of interesting internal links where several different articles might be of interest to the reader and multiple ones are listed on the disambiguation page.
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