Hun: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:13, 31 October 2024

Hun^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] or Huna^[5] is an ancient clan of the Gurjar ethnic community of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Historically, they were also known by the name of Huna.^[5] They are primarily Hindu, while some are Muslim in Kashmir and Pakistan. In mountainous areas, they speak the Gujari language, as well as other indigenous dialects.

A Gujjar child belonged to Hun clan from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

History[edit]

Pre-history[edit]

A community referred to as Huns are mentioned in a number of ancient Indian religious or historic Sanskrit or Vedic texts as Hara Huna^[6] (Hada Huna), Huna,^[7]^[5] or Huns, including the Puranas^[8] and Mahabharata, and in historic records of the Guptas of Patna.^[9]

Chalukyas[edit]

Pulakesin I formed the first notable Chalukya dynasty of southern India in the middle of the sixth century. These Chalukyas were descended from a foreign tribe, most likely a mix of Jat-Hun. Badami, in the Bijapur district, was their capital.^[10]

Origin[edit]

According to Kulbhushan Warikoo, some Huns claim to be descended from the Yuechi or Kushans. The Kushan and Hun were unquestionably Kshatriya Gujjars. Both of these clans are only found among the Gurjars of Central and South Asia.^[1]

Distribution[edit]

They live in Pakistani regions including Kashmir, and Punjab and Gilgit-Baltistan they have their population mostly in these areas. Some Hun Gujjars have villages in Afghanistan in the region of Pamir and Nuristan. While in India they primarily inhabit in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and, Jammu and Kashmir. There are many village of Hun Jats in Uttar Pradesh، Rajasthan and Haryana. Alone in Uttar Pradesh their prominent villages are in the Meerut, Gaziabad,^[5] Bulandhshahr, and Greater Noida districts. And most famous village due to their influence is known as Nawalka.^[2]

Other names[edit]

In various regions they also known by different names, including, Huna,^[5] Hara Huna, Hada Huna, Hun^[3] or Hoon.^[2]

Subclans[edit]

Tomar^[11]
Chalukya^[8]
Chauhan^[12]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars. The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture. Reference Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. Hoon or Hun is a clan found amongst Gujars in several villages in Meerut . Hoon or Hun is a clan that is found amongst Gujars only in India . Their villages are found near Meerut and the most famous village is ' Nawalka ' . Gujar clans ..
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Dass, Arvind (2002). Caste System: Caste commentaries and documentation. Dominant Publishers and Distributors. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-7888-029-7. The Gujar have families of more than one gotra. The predominance of the Hun gotra is quite significant. In this caste Ghasi Patel is very influential. He has now been elected a member of the new Panchayat.
↑ The Anthropologist: volume 12. Department of Anthropology, University of Dehli. 1966. p. 35. Hun still is the name of a Gujars sect (clan). The Jat tribes also entered India and at present they live in Delhi , Punjab.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). History of Indian Nation : Ancient India. K.K. Publications. p. 133. The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.
↑ Nyamdavaa, Oidov (2003). Mongolia-India Relations. Bhavana Books & Prints. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-86505-61-8. It has been suggested that the word HARA stands for the old Persian word , Karamir or Kharamir which means " red " or deep colour. In other words , the HARAHUNA means " red Huna wich referred to the Harahuna in the Mahabharata...
↑ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (2007). India and Central Asia: Classical to Contemporary Periods. Concept Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-8069-457-8. There is mention of Shakas, Pahlavas (Persians), Kambojas (Galcha speaking people of Tazikistan), Rishik (Yueh-chi or Kushanas) at one place in the Mahabharata (5.4.15). At another place, China, Huna and Shaka is mentioned (Mahabharat 2.47.19). Kanka (Kangyu of Sogd) are mentioned with Shaka and Tushara (Tokharian). Enough material on Central Asia is available in Medieval Sanskrit literature, and in Buddhist and Jain literatures.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Sharma, Gopi Nath (1970). Rajasthan Studies. Lakshmi Narain Agarwal. p. 15. Huns and Gujars have been mentioned along with other foreign tribes in the Puranas, the Gujars like Huns are also ... Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":8" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civilization and Culture. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 224. ISBN 978-81-7533-083-2. In AD 455 Skandagupta succeeded to the throne and ruled for some 11 years during which time the Hun menace was the main source of trouble to the king. The Guptas had little control over the Kabul and Afghanistan area. Had they organized that province as a military base against the intruders, the menace could have been successfully dealt with. Instead of that the Gupta rulers waited for them and fought against them in the plains of India.
↑ Mahmud, Sayyid Fayyaz (1988). A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-577385-9. ...reigned originally in Badami, where Pulakesin I established a small kingdom in the sixth century. The ancestors of Pulakesin belonged to the Gurjara-Hun mixed race...
↑ Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 373. N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.
↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; Bhanu, B. V.; India, Anthropological Survey of (2004). Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-101-3.

[warikoo-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars. The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture. Reference Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. Hoon or Hun is a clan found amongst Gujars in several villages in Meerut . Hoon or Hun is a clan that is found amongst Gujars only in India . Their villages are found near Meerut and the most famous village is ' Nawalka ' . Gujar clans ..

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Dass, Arvind (2002). Caste System: Caste commentaries and documentation. Dominant Publishers and Distributors. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-7888-029-7. The Gujar have families of more than one gotra. The predominance of the Hun gotra is quite significant. In this caste Ghasi Patel is very influential. He has now been elected a member of the new Panchayat.

[4] The Anthropologist: volume 12. Department of Anthropology, University of Dehli. 1966. p. 35. Hun still is the name of a Gujars sect (clan). The Jat tribes also entered India and at present they live in Delhi , Punjab.

[:2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). History of Indian Nation : Ancient India. K.K. Publications. p. 133. The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.

[:3-6] Nyamdavaa, Oidov (2003). Mongolia-India Relations. Bhavana Books & Prints. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-86505-61-8. It has been suggested that the word HARA stands for the old Persian word , Karamir or Kharamir which means " red " or deep colour. In other words , the HARAHUNA means " red Huna wich referred to the Harahuna in the Mahabharata...

[:4-7] Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (2007). India and Central Asia: Classical to Contemporary Periods. Concept Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-8069-457-8. There is mention of Shakas, Pahlavas (Persians), Kambojas (Galcha speaking people of Tazikistan), Rishik (Yueh-chi or Kushanas) at one place in the Mahabharata (5.4.15). At another place, China, Huna and Shaka is mentioned (Mahabharat 2.47.19). Kanka (Kangyu of Sogd) are mentioned with Shaka and Tushara (Tokharian). Enough material on Central Asia is available in Medieval Sanskrit literature, and in Buddhist and Jain literatures.

[:8-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Sharma, Gopi Nath (1970). Rajasthan Studies. Lakshmi Narain Agarwal. p. 15. Huns and Gujars have been mentioned along with other foreign tribes in the Puranas, the Gujars like Huns are also ... Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":8" defined multiple times with different content

[9] Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civilization and Culture. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 224. ISBN 978-81-7533-083-2. In AD 455 Skandagupta succeeded to the throne and ruled for some 11 years during which time the Hun menace was the main source of trouble to the king. The Guptas had little control over the Kabul and Afghanistan area. Had they organized that province as a military base against the intruders, the menace could have been successfully dealt with. Instead of that the Gupta rulers waited for them and fought against them in the plains of India.

[10] Mahmud, Sayyid Fayyaz (1988). A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-577385-9. ...reigned originally in Badami, where Pulakesin I established a small kingdom in the sixth century. The ancestors of Pulakesin belonged to the Gurjara-Hun mixed race...

[11] Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 373. N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.

[12] Singh, Kumar Suresh; Bhanu, B. V.; India, Anthropological Survey of (2004). Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-101-3.

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+{{cleanup|date=October 2024|reason=This page requires cleanup}}
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+{{Short description|Clan of Gurjar community}}
+'''Hun'''<ref name="warikoo"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |pages=85 |language=en |quote=Hoon or Hun is a clan found amongst Gujars in several villages in Meerut . Hoon or Hun is a clan that is found amongst Gujars only in India . Their villages are found near Meerut and the most famous village is ' Nawalka ' . Gujar clans ..}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dass |first=Arvind |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAhuAAAAMAAJ&q=Hun+Gujar+mentioned |title=Caste System: Caste commentaries and documentation |date=2002 |publisher=Dominant Publishers and Distributors |isbn=978-81-7888-029-7 |pages=109 |language=en |quote=The Gujar have families of more than one gotra. The predominance of the Hun gotra is quite significant. In this caste Ghasi Patel is very influential. He has now been elected a member of the new Panchayat.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYsiAQAAMAAJ |title=The Anthropologist: volume 12 |date=1966 |publisher=Department of Anthropology, University of Dehli |pages=35 |language=en |quote=Hun still is the name of a Gujars sect (clan). The Jat tribes also entered India and at present they live in Delhi , Punjab.}}</ref> or Huna<ref name=":2" /> is an ancient clan of the [[Gurjar]] ethnic community of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Historically, they were also known by the name of [[Huna Kingdom|Huna]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=Huna+gujar&pg=PA133 |title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K.K. Publications |pages=133 |language=en |quote=The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.}}</ref> They are primarily Hindu, while some are Muslim in [[Kashmir]] and Pakistan. In mountainous areas, they speak the [[Gujari language|Gujari]] language, as well as other indigenous dialects.
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+[[File:A Gujjar Child of Hun Gurjara clan.jpg|A Gujjar child belonged to Hun clan from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan]]
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+==History==
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+A community referred to as Huns are mentioned in a number of ancient Indian religious or historic Sanskrit or Vedic texts as [[Hara Huna Kingdom|Hara Huna]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Nyamdavaa |first=Oidov |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNBwAAAAMAAJ |title=Mongolia-India Relations |date=2003 |publisher=Bhavana Books & Prints |isbn=978-81-86505-61-8 |pages=3 |language=en |quote=It has been suggested that the word HARA stands for the old Persian word , Karamir or Kharamir which means " red " or deep colour. In other words , the '''HARAHUNA''' means " red Huna wich referred to the Harahuna in the Mahabharata...}}</ref> (Hada Huna), [[Huna Kingdom|Huna]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Kumāra |first=Braja Bihārī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lJI9avHstYC&dq=Huna+mentioned+in+Mahabharata&pg=PA4 |title=India and Central Asia: Classical to Contemporary Periods |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-457-8 |pages=4 |language=en |quote=There is mention of Shakas, Pahlavas (Persians), Kambojas (Galcha speaking people of Tazikistan), Rishik (Yueh-chi or Kushanas) at one place in the Mahabharata (5.4.15). At another place, China, '''Huna''' and Shaka is mentioned (Mahabharat 2.47.19). Kanka (Kangyu of Sogd) are mentioned with Shaka and Tushara (Tokharian). Enough material on Central Asia is available in Medieval Sanskrit literature, and in Buddhist and Jain literatures.}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> or Huns, including the [[Puranas]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Gopi Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxBDAAAAYAAJ |title=Rajasthan Studies |date=1970 |publisher=Lakshmi Narain Agarwal |pages=15 |language=en |quote='''Huns''' and '''Gujars''' have been mentioned along with other foreign tribes in the '''Puranas''', the Gujars like Huns are also ...}}</ref> and [[Mahabharata]], and in historic records of the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas of Patna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&dq=Hun+fought+against+Gupta&pg=PA224 |title=Indian Civilization and Culture |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-083-2 |pages=224 |language=en |quote=In AD 455 Skandagupta succeeded to the throne and ruled for some 11 years during which time the Hun menace was the main source of trouble to the king. The Guptas had little control over the Kabul and Afghanistan area. Had they organized that province as a military base against the intruders, the menace could have been successfully dealt with. Instead of that the Gupta rulers waited for them and fought against them in the plains of India.}}</ref>
-Origin
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-Toggle History subsection
-Pre-history
-Descendants of Hun-Gurjars
-Chalukyas
-Distribution
-Etomology
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-Subclans
-References
-Hun clan: Difference between revisions
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+====Chalukyas====
-Talk
+[[Pulakeshin I|Pulakesin I]] formed the first notable [[Chalukya dynasty]] of southern India in the middle of the sixth century. These Chalukyas were descended from a foreign tribe, most likely a mix of [[Jats|Jat-Hun]]. [[Badami]], in the [[Bijapur]] district, was their capital.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmud |first=Sayyid Fayyaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xtuAAAAMAAJ |title=A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577385-9 |pages=58 |language=en |quote=...reigned originally in Badami, where Pulakesin I established a small kingdom in the sixth century. The ancestors of Pulakesin belonged to the Gurjara-Hun mixed race...}}</ref>
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+==Origin==
-View history
+According to Kulbhushan Warikoo, some Huns claim to be descended from the Yuechi or [[Kushan (clan)|Kushans]]. The Kushan and Hun were unquestionably [[Kshatriya]] [[Gurjar|Gujjars]]. Both of these clans are only found among the [[Gurjar|Gurjars]] of Central and South Asia.<ref name="warikoo">{{Cite book |last1=Warikoo |first1=Kulbhushan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars |title=Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir |last2=Som |first2=Sujit |date=2000 |publisher=Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya |pages=6 |language=en |quote="Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars. The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars."}}</ref>
+==Distribution==
+They live in Pakistani regions including [[Kashmir]], and [[Punjab]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] they have their population mostly in these areas. Some Hun Gujjars have villages in Afghanistan in the region of [[Pamir Mountain|Pamir]] and [[Nuristan]]. While in India they primarily inhabit in the Indian states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Haryana, [[Madhya Pradesh]], Rajasthan, [[Himachal Pradesh]] and, Jammu and Kashmir. There are many village of Hun Jats in Uttar Pradesh، Rajasthan and [[Haryana]]. Alone in Uttar Pradesh their prominent villages are in the [[Meerut]], [[Gaziabad]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=Huna+gujar&pg=PA133 |title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K.K. Publications |pages=133 |language=en |quote=The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.}}</ref> [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandhshahr]], and [[Greater Noida]] districts. And most famous village due to their influence is known as Nawalka.<ref name=":0" />
+==Other names==
+In various regions they also known by different names, including, '''Huna''',<ref name=":2" /> '''Hara Huna''', '''Hada Huna''', '''Hun'''<ref name=":1" /> or '''Hoon'''.<ref name=":0" />
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-In various regions they also known by different names, including '''Huna''', '''Hunas''',<ref name=":2" /> '''Hara Huna''', '''Hada Huna''', '''Hun''' or '''Hoon'''.<ref name=":0" />
 ==Subclans==
 * [[Tomar Gurjar (clan)|Tomar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA372&dq=Tomar+Gujars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi584GpjIiCAxV8hf0HHbBLA4sQ6wF6BAgNEAU#v=onepage&q=Tomar%20Gujars&f=false |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=373 |language=en |quote=N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.}}</ref>
 * Chalukya<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=C. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-d497CKID0C&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Coins of India |date=1999 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0345-5 |pages=59 |language=en |quote=The first great dynasty to dominate Southern India was that of the '''Chalukyas''' (a foreign tribe probably of '''Huna-Gurjara origin'''), founded by Pulakesin I in the middle of the sixth century, whose capital was at Bādāmī in the Bijapur district.}}</ref>
 * Chauhan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?redir_esc=y&id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=Chauhan+belonging+to+huns#v=snippet&q=Chauhan%20belonging%20to%20huns&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |language=en}}</ref>
-Revision as of 19:34, 22 October 2023
+==References==
-Hun[1][2][3] or Huna[4][5] is a major ancient Kshatriya[1] clan of the Gurjar community of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Historically, they were also known by the name of Huna.[4] Hun Gujjars are primarily Hindu, while some are Muslim in Muslim-majority areas especially in Kashmir and Pakistan. In mountainous areas, they speak the Gujari language, as well as other indigenous dialects. They are also mentioned in the Sanskrit epic of Mahabharat as the Hara Huna people.[6] In past these Hun Gurjars ruled in various dynasties.[7] Huns are also featured in the 36 Indian royal Kshatriya clan lists.[8][6]
+{{Reflist}}
+[[Category:Gurjar clans]]
-Origin
+[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
-According to A.H Bingley Yuchi (Yuechi), a Scythian tribe whose modern representatives are the Gujars, had settled in Kabul, Kashmir, and Northern Punjab, where their settlements may be seen in the names of localities and districts such as Gujranwala and Gujrat. Before the end of the third century, a segment of the Yuchi people began to migrate southern.[9]
-While the Jatii and Getz were moving into India from the Kandahar valley, another Scythian tribe called the Yuchi, whose modern representa- tribes are the Gujars, had established themselves in Kabul, Kashmir, and the Northern Punjab, where their settlements may be traced in the names of places and districts such an Gujranwala and Gujarat. Before the end of the 3rd cen- tury a portion of the Yuchi had begun to move southward and were shortly afterwards separated from their northern brethren by the advance of the Geta or Jats from the Bolan. The Gujars moving down the Indus Valley eventually settled in Saurashtra, now called Gujrat, subduing its original inhabitants the Ahirs with whom they probably intermarried.[9]
-Some Huns and Kushans were ethnically connected, and Kushans were known as the Great Yuechi, while Huns were known as the Little Yuechi. The Yuechi or Kushans arrived in India around 130 B.C., the Huns (Kedaras) or little Yuechi arrived around 380_390 A.D.,[10] and the Khazars or Gujars arrived between 450 and 500 A.D. via the Swat and Sistan valleys.[11]
-According to Kulbhushan warikoo Some Huns claim to be descended from the Yuechi or Kushans. The Kushan and Hun were unquestionably Kshatriyas Gujjars. Both of these clans are only found among the Gurjars of Central and South Asia. Cunningham and other historians have also referred to them as Gurjars as well.[12]
-History
-Pre-history
-Huns are mentioned in a number of ancient Indian religious or historic Sanskrit or Vedic texts as Hara Huna (Hada Huna), Huna, or Huns, including the Puranas and Mahabharata, and even in historic records of the Guptas of Patna and Palas of Bengal.[6]
-During the regime of the Gurjar pratihar dynasty and its emperor, the Mihir Bhoj Gurjar Huns Gujjars were ruling in the Mianwali district of the Punjab province, which is located in present-day Pakistani Punjab. [6]
-They fought the Patliputra Guptas and the Qanauj Wardhans. They ascended to power in the sixth century A.D. from Upper Panjab, led by Torman and his son Mihir Kul, and conquered Kashmir. Emperor Mihir Kul died in 540 A.D.[13]
-After his death came Matri Gita (540 to 583 A.D.), Hirani (583 to 606), Torman 11 (606 to 643), Suresh Sen (643 to 667), Ksheti Nand (667 to 687 A.D.), Vasu Deva (687 to 711 A.D.), Yudhistra (711 to 729 A.D.), Raja Iksa (729 to 750 A.D.), Gopi Ditta (750 to 767 A.D.), Gai Karan (767 to 809 A.D.), Narendra Ditta (809 to 845 A.D.), Torman II (845 to 847 A.D.), and Lakhan (847 to 860 A.D.). The last five were local chiefs who were subjected to Thakyas (Taanks) of Taank kingdom. The Huns mentioned above were Yadava Kshatriyas Gurjars. The Sialkot city of present-day Pakistani Punjab was their capital. And their marriage relationships with the other Gurjjars families demonstrate that they belonged to the Gurjar Kshatriya group. They are known as Gurjars, and Hun is their gotra (clan) even now.[13]
-Syed Raju Qatal issued a fatwa, saying you have become a Muslim because you recognised Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the final prophet. You are a "murderer of Islam's punishment, which is death" if you live now as Hindu.[14]
-Nawa Rai Hun fled to Feroze Shah Tughlaq, King of Delhi, to save his life. Syed pursued him. As soon as Nawa Rai Hun entered the Darbar (King's Court), the Syed hit him with a sword from behind and killed him. The settlement of Nawal was built by Nawa Rai Hun's son after his father's name. Today, the village of Nawal (Nawalka) exists near Meerut, where descendants of Nawa Rai Hun dwell as a sub-caste of the Gurjars.[14][3]
-Descendants of Hun-Gurjars
-Chalukyas
-According to Brown C.J., Pulakesin I formed the first notable Chalukya dynasty of southern India in the middle of the sixth century. These Chalukyas were descended from a foreign tribe, most likely of Huna-Gurjara origin.[4] Badami, in the Bijapur district, was their capital.[15][16]
-Other historians, however, dispute on the origins of the Badami Chalukyas. And they think the Chalukyas of Badami or Chalukyas began in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, in northern India, went south, and formed the Chalukyas dynasty in south India.
-Distribution
-They live in Pakistani regions including Kashmir, and Punjab[6] and Gilgit-Baltistan they have their population mostly in these areas. Some Hun Gujjars have villages in Afghanistan in the region of Pamir and Nuristan.
-While in India they primarily inhabit in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and, Jammu and Kashmir. There are many village of Hun Gujjars in Uttar Pradesh، Rajasthan and Haryana. Alone in Uttar Pradesh their prominent villages are in the Meerut, Gaziabad,[4] Bulandhshahr, and Greater Noida districts. And most famous village due to their influence is known as 'Nawalka.[3]
-Etomology
-Hun is a Sanskrit word that refers to "someone who does not listen to the opinions or advice of others and instead acts on his own desires".[7] The phrase Hun Mat, which means "the wisdom of an unruly person," is still in use.[7]
-Other names
-In various regions they also known by different names, including Huna, Hunas,[4] Hara Huna, Hada Huna, Hun or Hoon.[3]
-Subclans
-Tomar[17]
-Chalukya[15]
-Chauhan[18]
-Maitrak
-Chavda
-References
- Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars . General Cunningham and others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
- Blunt, Sir Edward (2010). The Caste System of Northern India. G.H. p. 23. ISBN 978-81-8205-495-0. The Gujar caste takes its name from Gujara, a tribe which is frequently found coupled in inscriptions with the Huns, and was obviously related to them. Hun is still the name of a Gujar sect or subcaste, which makes the connection but the clearer.
- Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture. Reference Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. Hoon or Hun is a clan found amongst Gujars in several villages in Meerut . Hoon or Hun is a clan that is found amongst Gujars only in India . Their villages are found near Meerut and the most famous village is ' Nawalka ' . Gujar clans ..
- Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). History of Indian Nation : Ancient India. K.K. Publications. p. 133. The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.
- Patel, Gordhanbhai Ishwarbhai (1950). Vithalbhai Patel, Life and Times. R.A. Moramkar. p. 4. According to the Bombay Gazetteer, they belong to the race of the great conquering white Huna tribe of Gujars, who, during the second half of the sixth century, passed south through the Punjab and settled in Malwa and in the Bombay...
- Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 659. It finds a mentioned legends related to 36 royal families of the Kshatriyas'. Hun tribe is mentioned in the Mahabharata, Puranas, in history of Guptas of Patna, and Palas of Bengal.
- Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 659. Hun is no doubt a sub-caste (tribe) of the Gurjar caste or race. The Gurjar race or caste consists of hundreds of gotras (sub-castes). Hun no doubt ruled over some small principalities whereas the Gurjars established empires, of them four are famous in history and the Huns were their subordinate rulers, then how the Hun can be called the master of the Gurjars and Ahirs.
- Bose, Nemai Sadhan (1956). History of the Candellas of Jejakabhukti. K. L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 6. Among the list of 36 Royal kshatriya families mentioned by Chand , the name Chhand is among the very ... Hun, Chauhan, Taank, Pratihar .... invasions of the Aryan land.
- Bingley, A. H. (2018). Jats, Gujars and Ahirs. Government Central Printing Office,Simla. p. 7.
- Campbell, James M. (1988). Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujarat. Vintage Books. p. 470. Great Yuechi called Kusháns or Gusháns who entered the Kábul valley about B.C. 120 or the late Little Yuechi called Huns (Kedáras) who about A.D. 390 passed down by Chitrál and Swát to Peshawar . One chief ground on which Cunningham favoured ...
- Khan, Choudhary Akbar (1947). Echo of the Himalayas: A Nationalist Interpretation of India's History. Oriental Books. pp. 42_43. The Yuechi or Kushans who came down the Kabul valley about 130 B.C. The Kedaras (Huns) or little Yuechi who seem to have entered by the Swat valley to Peshawar about 380 A.D. The Jue – Jue , also ... Huns or Khazars or Gujars ) who entered India both by the Swat valley and through Sistan between A.D. 450 and 500. ...
- Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars . The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
- Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 294.
- Rahi, Javaid (2012). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 660.
- Brown, C. J. (1999). Coins of India. Asian Educational Services. p. 59. ISBN 978-81-206-0345-5. The first great dynasty to dominate Southern India was that of the Chalukyas (a foreign tribe probably of Huna-Gurjara origin), founded by Pulakesin I in the middle of the sixth century, whose capital was at Bādāmī in the Bijapur district.
- Mahmud, Sayyid Fayyaz (1988). A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-577385-9. ...reigned originally in Badami, where Pulakesin I established a small kingdom in the sixth century. The ancestors of Pulakesin belonged to the Gurjara-Hun mixed race...
- Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 373. N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.
- Singh, Kumar Suresh; Bhanu, B. V.; India, Anthropological Survey of (2004). Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-101-3.
-Categories: Gurjar clansGurjar clans of IndiaGurjar clans of PakistanEthnic groups in Afghanistan