Valukarama: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox monastery
{{Infobox monastery
| name = Valukarama
| name = Valukarama, Vālikārāma
| native_name = वालुकाराम
| native_name = वालुकाराम
| native_name_lang = Devanagri
| native_name_lang = Devanagri
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| full =  
| full =  
| other_names =  
| other_names =  
| order = Buddhism
| order = [[Buddhism]]
| established =  
| established =  
| disestablished =  
| disestablished =  
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| founder =  
| founder =  
| architect =  
| architect =  
| people = King Kalasoka
| people = King [[Kalashoka]]
| house_superior =  
| house_superior =  
| abbess =  
| abbess =  
| abbot = Ven. Sabbakami and Ven. Revata
| abbot = Ven. [[Upali]], Ven. Sabbakami and Ven. [[Revata]]
| prioress =  
| prioress =  
| prior =  
| prior =  
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| construction_cost =  
| construction_cost =  
| closed_date =  
| closed_date =  
| location = Vesali (Vaishali)
| location = Vesali ([[Vaishali (ancient city)]])
| osref =  
| osref =  
| remains =  
| remains =  
| public_access =  
| public_access =  
| country = India
| country = [[India]]
| location_country =  
| location_country = [[Bihar]]
| oscoor =  
| oscoor =  
| other_info = Site of Second Buddhist Council
| other_info = Site of [[Second Buddhist Council]]
| website =  
| website =  
| embedded =  
| embedded =  
}}
}}
'''Valukarama''' Vihara was a Buddhist monastery or [[Sangharama]] in ancient [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]] in eastern India where [[Second Buddhist council|Second Buddhist Council]] was held a hundred year after Buddha’s death. The monastery was situated 2.5 miles south-east of the city and was marked by a Stupa. The Chinese traveller Fahien had visisted and located the Second Council stupa close to the Kutagara <ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100305/page/n205/mode/1up ‘VALUKARAMA’]An Early History of Vaisali by Mishra, Yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref>,<ref>[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/463427 ‘Śaikṣa-Dharmas Revisited: Further Considerations of Mahāsāṃghika Origins’]. History of Religions. Volume 35, Number 3Feb., 1996. The University of Chicago Press Journals. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/463427 Retrieved 2023-07-16</ref>,<ref>[http://www.paliresearchinstitute.com/Buddhism%20Pdf%20Books/18%20Three%20Baskets%20Tipitaka%20in%20Buddhism.pdf ‘The Second Council’]. Three Baskets (Tipitika) in Buddhism. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref>.      
'''Valukarama''' Vihara was a Buddhist monastery or arama or [[Sangharama]] in ancient [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica/hWtDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=valukarama&dq=valukarama&printsec=frontcover Valukarama] Encyclopaedia Indica by Jagdish Saran Sharma (1981) - Volume 2 - Page 1292.. Retrieved 2023-08-08</ref>  in eastern India where [[Second Buddhist council|Second Buddhist Council]] was held a hundred year after Buddha’s death under the patronage of [[Kalashoka]]. The monastery was situated 2.5 miles south-east of the city and was marked by a Stupa. The Chinese traveller Fahien had visisted and located the Second Council stupa close to the Kutagara.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100305/page/n205/mode/1up ‘VALUKARAMA’]An Early History of Vaisali by Mishra, Yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref><ref>[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/463427 ‘Śaikṣa-Dharmas Revisited: Further Considerations of Mahāsāṃghika Origins’]. History of Religions. Volume 35, Number 3Feb., 1996. The University of Chicago Press Journals. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/463427 Retrieved 2023-07-16</ref><ref>[http://www.paliresearchinstitute.com/Buddhism%20Pdf%20Books/18%20Three%20Baskets%20Tipitaka%20in%20Buddhism.pdf ‘The Second Council’]. Three Baskets (Tipitika) in Buddhism. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref>
 
The question of the Ten Points raised by the Vajjiputta monks was settled in this [[Sangharama]] during the Second Buddhist Council. The Council at Valukarama was attended by 700 bhikkus from all over India and was presided by Thera Revata and Thera Yasa Sangiti. Thera Sabbakamin from Kosambi was the senior most monk<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Along_the_Path/zQmsAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=valukarama&pg=PA207&printsec=frontcover Valukarama] Along the Path: The Meditator's Companion to the Buddha's Land. Kory Goldberg, ‎Michelle Decary (2012) - Page 207. Retrieved 2023-08-08</ref>. Thera Revata asked Thera Sabbakamin on each of the ten points raised by the heretic Vajjiputta monks and the great Elder judged each of them to be unlawful<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa_the_Great_Chronicle_of_Sri/WMsKAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=valukarama&dq=valukarama&printsec=frontcover Valukarama] Mahāvaṃsa, the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka by Ananda W. P. Guruge (1989) -Page 1068. Retrieved 2023-08-08</ref>
 
Valukarama was serene and secluded [[sangharama]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Poya_Days/IJ89Utqn5H0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Valukarama&pg=PA41&printsec=frontcover ‘Valukarama’] Poya Days M Musæus-Higgins - 1999. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref>. This was the dwelling place of [[Upāli]], Dāsaka’s teacher<ref>[https://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/va/vaalikaaraama.htm ‘Vālikārāma’]. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. Pali Canon. Retrieved 2023-07-19</ref>


Perhaps, '''Balukaram''' <ref>[https://news.abplive.com/pincode/bihar/vaishali/balukaram-pincode-844113.html Balukaram] Balukaram Pin Code 844113. ABP Live. Retrieved 2023-08-08</ref>, <ref>[https://schools.org.in/vaishali/10181511001/ums-balukaram.html] UMS BALUKARAM. Belka, (Vaishali), Bihar. Retrieved 2023-09-22</ref> name in the present day Vaishali district of [[Bihar]] is the reminiscent of the ancient Vakukarama sangharam in the collective memory of the local people. 


The name of '''Walukarama Maha Vihara''' of Sri Lanka<ref>[https://www.presidentsoffice.gov.lk/index.php/2022/09/24/the-president-participates-in-the-esala-maha-perahera-traditional-rituals-at-the-walukarama-maha-viharaya-kollupitiya/ ‘The President participates in the Esala Maha Perahera traditional rituals at the Walukarama Maha Vihara’]. Presidential Secretariat Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref> seems to be  inspired by the ancient '''Valukarama''' Vihara of Vesali.    
Similarly, the name of '''Walukarama Maha Vihara''' of Sri Lanka<ref>[https://www.presidentsoffice.gov.lk/index.php/2022/09/24/the-president-participates-in-the-esala-maha-perahera-traditional-rituals-at-the-walukarama-maha-viharaya-kollupitiya/ ‘The President participates in the Esala Maha Perahera traditional rituals at the Walukarama Maha Vihara’]. Presidential Secretariat Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref> and several other [[Buddhist temple|Buddhist temples]] in [[Sri Lanka]] seems to be  inspired by the ancient '''Valukarama''' Vihara of Vesali.


{{BuddhasHolySites}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
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==External links==
==External links==
* [https://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/va/vaalikaaraama.htm Entry on '''Vālikārāma''' in the Dictionary of Pali Proper Names]
* [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/valikarama Entry on '''Valikarama''' in Wisdom Library]
* [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/valikarama Entry on '''Valikarama''' in Wisdom Library]
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120755388 Entry on '''Valukarama''' in Wikidata]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[:Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[:Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[:Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[:Category:Buddhist sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Bihar]]
[[:Category:Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples]]


{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

Latest revision as of 22:28, 24 September 2024

Valukarama, Vālikārāma
वालुकाराम
Monastery information
OrderBuddhism
People
AbbotVen. Upali, Ven. Sabbakami and Ven. Revata
Important associated figuresKing Kalashoka
Architecture
Functional statusNon-functional
Site
LocationVesali (Vaishali (ancient city))
CountryIndia
Other informationSite of Second Buddhist Council

Valukarama Vihara was a Buddhist monastery or arama or Sangharama in ancient Vesali[1] in eastern India where Second Buddhist Council was held a hundred year after Buddha’s death under the patronage of Kalashoka. The monastery was situated 2.5 miles south-east of the city and was marked by a Stupa. The Chinese traveller Fahien had visisted and located the Second Council stupa close to the Kutagara.[2][3][4]

The question of the Ten Points raised by the Vajjiputta monks was settled in this Sangharama during the Second Buddhist Council. The Council at Valukarama was attended by 700 bhikkus from all over India and was presided by Thera Revata and Thera Yasa Sangiti. Thera Sabbakamin from Kosambi was the senior most monk[5]. Thera Revata asked Thera Sabbakamin on each of the ten points raised by the heretic Vajjiputta monks and the great Elder judged each of them to be unlawful[6]

Valukarama was serene and secluded sangharama[7]. This was the dwelling place of Upāli, Dāsaka’s teacher[8]

Perhaps, Balukaram [9], [10] name in the present day Vaishali district of Bihar is the reminiscent of the ancient Vakukarama sangharam in the collective memory of the local people.

Similarly, the name of Walukarama Maha Vihara of Sri Lanka[11] and several other Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka seems to be inspired by the ancient Valukarama Vihara of Vesali.

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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Valukarama Encyclopaedia Indica by Jagdish Saran Sharma (1981) - Volume 2 - Page 1292.. Retrieved 2023-08-08
  2. ↑ ‘VALUKARAMA’An Early History of Vaisali by Mishra, Yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-17
  3. ↑ ‘Śaikṣa-Dharmas Revisited: Further Considerations of Mahāsāṃghika Origins’. History of Religions. Volume 35, Number 3Feb., 1996. The University of Chicago Press Journals. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/463427 Retrieved 2023-07-16
  4. ↑ ‘The Second Council’. Three Baskets (Tipitika) in Buddhism. Retrieved 2023-07-17
  5. ↑ Valukarama Along the Path: The Meditator's Companion to the Buddha's Land. Kory Goldberg, ‎Michelle Decary (2012) - Page 207. Retrieved 2023-08-08
  6. ↑ Valukarama Mahāvaṃsa, the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka by Ananda W. P. Guruge (1989) -Page 1068. Retrieved 2023-08-08
  7. ↑ ‘Valukarama’ Poya Days M Musæus-Higgins - 1999. Retrieved 2023-07-17
  8. ↑ ‘Vālikārāma’. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. Pali Canon. Retrieved 2023-07-19
  9. ↑ Balukaram Balukaram Pin Code 844113. ABP Live. Retrieved 2023-08-08
  10. ↑ [1] UMS BALUKARAM. Belka, (Vaishali), Bihar. Retrieved 2023-09-22
  11. ↑ ‘The President participates in the Esala Maha Perahera traditional rituals at the Walukarama Maha Vihara’. Presidential Secretariat Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2023-07-17

External links[edit | edit source]

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