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-'''Ayyappan''', also called '''Dharmasastha''' and '''Manikandan,''' is a [[Hindu]] deity popular in [[Southern India]], He is considered to be the epitome of dharma, truth, and righteousness and is often called upon to obliterate evil.
+'''Ayyappan''', also called '''Dharmasastha''' and '''Manikandan,''' is a [[Hindu]] deity popular in [[Southern India]]. He is considered to be the epitome of dharma, truth, and righteousness and is often called upon to obliterate evil.
 Although devotion to Ayyappan has been prevalent earlier in South India, his popularity rose only in the late 20th century.<ref>{{cite book|first=Suresh|last=Chandra|year=1998|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC|publisher=Sarup and Sons|page=28|isbn=8176250392}}</ref><ref name="bri" /><ref name="CushRobinson2008p78" /> According to Hindu theology, he is the son of [[Harihara]] ([[Vishnu]] in the form of [[Mohini]], and [[Shiva]]).<ref name="CushRobinson2008p78">{{cite book|author1=Denise Cush|author2=Catherine A. Robinson|author3=Michael York|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_T0HeWE-EAC |year=2008|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0|page=78}}</ref><ref name=Quinn>Constance Jones and Ryan James (2014), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-8160-5458-9}}, page 58</ref> Ayyappan is also referred to as Ayyappa, Sastavu, Hariharasudhan, Manikandan, Shasta or Dharma Shasta and Sabarinath.<ref name=bri/><ref name="CushRobinson2008p78"/>
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 The iconography of Ayyappan depicts him as a handsome celibate ([[Brahmacharya|Brahmachari]]) deity doing yoga and as an epitome of [[Dharma]], who wears a bell around his neck. In the Hindu tradition popular in the Western Ghats of India, he was born with the powers of Shiva and Vishnu to confront and defeat the shape-shifting evil Buffalo demoness Mahishi. He was raised by a childless royal couple Rajashekara pandiyan and Koperundevi, and grows up as a warrior [[yogi]] champion of ethical and dharmic living.<ref name=bri/><ref>{{cite book|author=Jeffery D. Long|title=Historical Dictionary of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkkFCwAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7960-7|page=78}}</ref>{{sfn|Younger|2002|pp=17-21}} In South Indian portrayals, Ayyappan images show him riding a tigress, but in some places such as [[Sri Lanka]] he is shown as riding a white elephant.<ref>{{cite book|author=MN Srinivas|title=Collected Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2e_ZAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-565174-4|pages=352}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=D. P. Dubey|title=Pilgrimage Studies: Sacred Places, Sacred Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHLXAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=SPS|isbn=978-81-900520-1-6|pages=136–137}}</ref>
-Ayyappan's popularity has grown in many parts of India, and the most prominent Ayyappan shrine is at [[Sabarimala]], nestled in the hills of [[Pathanamthitta]] of [[Kerala]]. The shrine receives millions of pilgrims every year in late December and early January, many of whom prepare for weeks before and then climb the hill barefoot,<ref name=Quinn/> making it one of the largest active pilgrimage sites in the world.{{sfn|Younger|2002|pp=22–24}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Press Trust of India|title=Safety Manual for Sabarimala prepared|url=http://expressbuzz.com/topic/safety-manual-for-sabarimala-to-be-prepared/287323.html|access-date=13 July 2011|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=June 23, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083502/http://expressbuzz.com/topic/safety-manual-for-sabarimala-to-be-prepared/287323.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The pilgrimage attracts a wide range of devotees, from diverse social or economic backgrounds, except women in their fertile age because Ayyappan is believed to be the celibate deity. He remains one of the few deities in Hindu tradition, who is respected by other religious communities, including Muslims and Christians in Kerala.<ref name=bri>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ayyappan| title=Ayyappan – Hindu deity|encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Britannica|year= 2014}}</ref> The most significant festival linked to him is the Makaravilakku ([[Makara Sankranti]]), observed around the winter solstice.<ref name="CushRobinson2008p78"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA350 |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=238, 350}}</ref>
+Ayyappan's popularity has grown in many parts of India, and the most prominent Ayyappan shrine is at [[Sabarimala]], nestled in the hills of [[Pathanamthitta]] of [[Kerala]]. The shrine receives millions of pilgrims every year in late December and early January, many of whom prepare for weeks before and then climb the hill barefoot,<ref name=Quinn/> making it one of the largest active pilgrimage sites in the world.{{sfn|Younger|2002|pp=22–24}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Press Trust of India|title=Safety Manual for Sabarimala prepared|url=http://expressbuzz.com/topic/safety-manual-for-sabarimala-to-be-prepared/287323.html|access-date=13 July 2011|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=June 23, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083502/http://expressbuzz.com/topic/safety-manual-for-sabarimala-to-be-prepared/287323.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The pilgrimage attracts a wide range of devotees, from diverse social or economic backgrounds, except women in their fertile age because Ayyappan is believed to be a celibate deity. He remains one of the few deities in Hindu tradition, who is respected by other religious communities, including Muslims and Christians in Kerala.<ref name=bri>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ayyappan| title=Ayyappan – Hindu deity|encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Britannica|year= 2014}}</ref> The most significant festival linked to him is the Makaravilakku ([[Makara Sankranti]]), observed around the winter solstice.<ref name="CushRobinson2008p78"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA350 |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=238, 350}}</ref>
 ==Names and iconography==
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 A number of Indian films have been made about the deity. These include: ''[[Sabarimala Ayyappan]]'' (1961) by [[S. M. Sriramulu Naidu]], [[Swami Ayyappan (1975 film)|''Swami Ayyappan'']] (1975) by [[P. Subramaniam]], ''[[Saranam Ayyappa]]'' (1980) by Dasarathan, ''Arul Tharum Ayyappan'' (1987) by Dasarathan, ''Shiv Putra Swami Ayappa'' (1990) by P.S. Mani, [[Sabarimala Sri Ayyappan]] (1990) by Renuka Sharma, ''[[Engal Swamy Ayyappan]]'' (1990) by Dasarathan, ''Ayyappa Swamy Mahatyam'' (1991), ''Ayyappa Deeksha Mahimalu'' (1992) by Guda Rama Krishna, ''Swami Ayappa Shabarimalai'' (1993) by [[K. Shankar]], ''Jai Hari Hara Putra Ayyappa'' (1995), ''Bhagwaan Ayyappa'' (2007) by Irajaral Bhakhta and V. Swaminathan, ''[[Swami Ayyappan (2012 film)|Swami Ayyappan]]'' (2012) by Chetan Sharma and Mahesh Vettiyar, ''Om Sharanam Ayyappa'' (2015) by K. Sharath, ''Sri Omkara Ayyappane'' (2016) by [[Sai Prakash]], ''Ayyappa Kataksham'' (2019) by Rudrapatla Venugopal.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|accessdate=|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Ayyappan now in toon avatar |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/ayyappan-now-in-toon-avatar/article3549553.ece |date=June 20, 2012| access-date = 2014-06-21 }}</ref>
-The Indian television channel [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] launched a [[Malayalam]]-language series named [[Swami Ayyappan (TV series)|''Swami Ayyappan'']] in 2006, this was followed by ''Swami Ayyappan Saram'' (2010), ''Sabarimala Shri Dharmashasta'' (2012) and ''Sabarimala Swami Ayappan'' (2019). The 2021 movie [[The Great Indian Kitchen]] prominently features a family of devotees of Ayyappan.
+The Indian television channel [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] launched a [[Malayalam]]-language series named [[Swami Ayyappan (TV series)|''Swami Ayyappan'']] in 2006, this was followed by ''Swami Ayyappan Saram'' (2010), ''Sabarimala Shri Dharmashasta'' (2012) and ''Sabarimala Swami Ayappan'' (2019). The 2021 movie [[The Great Indian Kitchen]] prominently features a family of devotees of Ayyappan. The 2023 movie [[Malikappuram]] features the journey of a 10-year old girl to [[Sabarimala Temple|Sabarimala]].
 The story of Ayyappa is dictated by [[Parvati]] to [[Ganesha]] in the Indian TV show on [[Sony TV]], called [[Vighnaharta Ganesha|Vighnaharta Ganesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonyliv.com/details/episodes/6117114715001/Ep.-608---Story-Time-For-The-Kids---Vighnaharta-Ganesh---19-December-2019|title=Ep. 608 - Story Time For The Kids - Vighnaharta Ganesh|website=SonyLIV}}</ref>