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| products = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval Systems | | products = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval Systems | ||
| services = | | services = | ||
| revenue = {{profit}} | | revenue = {{profit}}$2.7 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2020)<ref name=Globes2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English|website=Globes}}</ref> | ||
| operating_income = | | operating_income = | ||
| net_income = {{profit}}$134 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2016)<ref name=Globes2016 /> | | net_income = {{profit}}$134 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2016)<ref name=Globes2016 /> | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File: | [[File:Operation Guardian of the Walls, May 2021. XVIII.jpeg|thumb|Rafael's [[Iron Dome]] air defense and [[Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar|C-RAM]] system.]] | ||
[[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]] | [[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]] | ||
[[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]] | [[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]] | ||
[[File:Popey missile.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Popeye (missile)|Popeye standoff missile]]]] | [[File:Popey missile.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Popeye (missile)|Popeye standoff missile]]]] | ||
[[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]] | [[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]]]] | ||
Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. | Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 [[David Ben-Gurion]] decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 43</ref> | ||
In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume= | In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to ''RAFAEL''.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=17|language=he}}</ref> | ||
In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/> | In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/> | ||
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==Technological achievements== | ==Technological achievements== | ||
* Shafrir (later renamed [[Python (missile)|Python]]) – one of the most successful [[air-to-air missile]]s ever made (during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 106 enemy aircraft)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> | * Shafrir (later renamed [[Python (missile)|Python]]) – one of the most successful [[air-to-air missile]]s ever made (during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 106 enemy aircraft)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> | ||
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]] | * [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]] | ||
* [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system | * [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system | ||
** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref> | ** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref> | ||
*[[Iron Beam]] – laser missile defense system | |||
* [[Iron Dome]] – the world's first operational [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref> | * [[Iron Dome]] – the world's first operational [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref> | ||
* [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy]] – the world's second operational [[active protection system]], which successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the [[Gaza Strip]] toward a [[Merkava]] Mark IV tank near [[Nir Oz]]<ref>{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> | * [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy]] – the world's second operational [[active protection system]], which successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the [[Gaza Strip]] toward a [[Merkava]] Mark IV tank near [[Nir Oz]]<ref>{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> | ||
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In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> The company has successfully established and developed several companies including: | In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> The company has successfully established and developed several companies including: | ||
* [[Given Imaging]] – a pioneer in the sphere of [[capsule endoscopy]]<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> | * [[Given Imaging]] – a pioneer in the sphere of [[capsule endoscopy]].<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> | * [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> | ||
* Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | * Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{Div col}} | {{Div col}} | ||
*[[ | *[[Elbit]] (El-Op) | ||
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)]] | |||
*[[Israel Association for Automatic Control]] | |||
*[[Israel Military Industries]] | *[[Israel Military Industries]] | ||
*[[Israel Shipyards]] | *[[Israel Shipyards]] | ||
*[[Israel | *[[Military equipment of Israel]] | ||
*[[Soltam]] | *[[Soltam]] | ||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{ | {{Commonscat}} | ||
*{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}} | *{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}} | ||
*[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation] | *[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation] | ||
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{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}} | {{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}} | ||
{{Automotive industry in Israel}} | {{Automotive industry in Israel}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}} | {{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}} | ||
[[Category:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems| ]] | [[Category:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems| ]] | ||