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{{short description|Lower house (or only house) of an Indian state, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, or Pondicherry}}
{{short description|Lower house (or only house) of an Indian state, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, or Pondicherry}}
{{for|the upper house|State legislative councils of India}}
{{for|the upper house|State legislative councils of India}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''State Legislative Assembly''', or '''Vidhan Sabha''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Vidhan_Sabha |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/vidhan+sabha |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins Publishers]] |date=2014}}</ref> or also '''Saasana Sabha''', is a legislative body in the states and union territories of [[India]]. In the [[States and union territories of India|28 states]] and 3 [[Union territory|union territories]] with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[State legislature (India)|state legislature]], it is the sole legislative body and in 6 states it is the [[lower house]] of their [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] state legislatures with the [[upper house]] being [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Council]]. 5 union territories are governed directly by the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] and have no legislative body.
The '''State Legislative Assembly''', or '''Vidhan Sabha''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Vidhan_Sabha |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/vidhan+sabha |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins Publishers]] |date=2014}}</ref> or also '''Saasana Sabha''', is a legislative body in the states and union territories of [[India]]. In the [[States and union territories of India|28 states]] and 3 [[Union territory|union territories]] with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[State legislature (India)|state legislature]], it is the sole legislative body and in 6 states it is the [[lower house]] of their [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] state legislatures with the [[upper house]] being [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Council]]. 5 union territories are governed directly by the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] and have no legislative body.


Each [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) is directly elected to serve 5 year terms by [[Single-member district|single-member constituencies]]. The [[Constitution of India]] states that a State Legislative Assembly must have no less than 60 and no more than 500 members however an exception may be granted via an [[List of Acts of the Parliament of India|Act]] of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] as is the case in the states of [[Goa]], [[Sikkim]], [[Mizoram]] and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] which have fewer than 60 members. A State Legislative Assembly may be [[dissolution of parliament|dissolved]] in a [[State of Emergency in India|state of emergency]], by the [[Governor (India)|Governor]] on request of the [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]], or if a [[motion of no confidence]] is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Legislative Assemblies|url=https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|website=www.india.gov.in|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref>
Each [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) is directly elected to serve 5-year terms by [[Single-member district|single-member constituencies]]. The [[Constitution of India]] states that a State Legislative Assembly must have no less than 60 and no more than 500 members however an exception may be granted via an [[List of Acts of the Parliament of India|Act]] of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] as is the case in the states of [[Goa]], [[Sikkim]], [[Mizoram]] and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] which have fewer than 60 members. A State Legislative Assembly may be [[dissolution of parliament|dissolved]] in a [[State of Emergency in India|state of emergency]], by the [[Governor (India)|Governor]] on request of the [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]], or if a [[motion of no confidence]] is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Legislative Assemblies|url=https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|website=www.india.gov.in|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref>


==Member of Legislative Assembly==
==Member of Legislative Assembly==
To become a member of a State Legislative Assembly voters' list of the state for which they are contesting an election. They may not be a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] and Member of the State Legislative Council at the same time. They should also state that there are no [[criminal procedure]]s against him or her.
To become a member of a State Legislative Assembly voters' list of the state for which they are contesting an election. They may not be a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] and Member of the State Legislative Council at the same time. They should also state that there is no [[criminal procedure]]s against him or her.
A State Legislative Assembly holds equal legislative power with the [[upper house]] of state legislature, the State Legislative Council, except in the area of [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolution]] of [[State governments of India|state government]] and passing of [[money bill]]s, in which case the State Legislative Assembly has the ultimate authority.
A State Legislative Assembly holds equal legislative power with the [[upper house]] of the state legislature, the State Legislative Council, except in the area of [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolution]] of [[State governments of India|state government]] and passing of [[money bill]]s, in which case the State Legislative Assembly has the ultimate authority.


Powers of legislative assemblies are given below:
Powers of legislative assemblies are given below:
* A [[motion of no confidence]] against the government in the state can only be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]] and her/his [[Cabinet (government)|Council of Ministers]] must [[cabinet collective responsibility|collectively]] resign.
* A [[motion of no confidence]] against the government in the state can only be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]] and her/his [[Cabinet (government)|Council of Ministers]] must [[cabinet collective responsibility|collectively]] resign.
* A [[money bill]] can only be introduced in State Legislative Assembly. In bicameral jurisdictions, after it is passed in the State Legislative Assembly, it is sent to the [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Council]], where it can be kept for a maximum time of 14 days.
* A [[money bill]] can only be introduced in State Legislative Assembly. In bicameral jurisdictions, after it is passed in the State Legislative Assembly, it is sent to the [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Council]], where it can be kept for a maximum time of 14 days.
* In matters related to ordinary bills, the will of State Legislative Assembly prevails and there is no provision of [[joint session|joint sitting]]. In such cases, State Legislative Council can delay the legislation by maximum 4 months (3 months in first visit and 1 month in the second visit of the bill).
* In matters related to ordinary bills, the will of the State Legislative Assembly prevails and there is no provision of [[joint session|joint sitting]]. In such cases, State Legislative Council can delay the legislation by a maximum of 4 months (3 months in the first visit and 1 month in the second visit of the bill).
* Legislative Assembly of the state has to power to create or abolish the State Legislative Council by passing a resolution to that effect by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explainer: Why Jagan Reddy wants to abolish the legislative council in Andhra Pradesh|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/01/28/explainer-what-are-state-legislative-councils-and-why-did-andhra-pradesh-abolish-it.html}}</ref>
* Legislative Assembly of the state has to power to create or abolish the State Legislative Council by passing a resolution to that effect by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explainer: Why Jagan Reddy wants to abolish the legislative council in Andhra Pradesh|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/01/28/explainer-what-are-state-legislative-councils-and-why-did-andhra-pradesh-abolish-it.html}}</ref>


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|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Seventh
|[[10th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|Tenth]]
|-
|-
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]  
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]  
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|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Seventh
|[[Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly|Eighth]]
|-
|-
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]  
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|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Thirteenth
|[[13th Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|Thirteenth]]
|-
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]  
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|| 85<sup>†</sup>
|| 85<sup>†</sup>
|bgcolor="grey"|
|bgcolor="grey"|
| colspan="2"|<center>N/A<br />([[President's rule]])</center>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |N/A<br />([[President's rule]])
|-
|-
| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]  
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| [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]  
|[[File:Assembly 09.jpg|frameless|100px]]|| [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|List]] || [[Chandigarh]] || 117
|[[File:Assembly 09.jpg|frameless|100px]]|| [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|List]] || [[Chandigarh]] || 117
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |  
|style="background-color: {{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |  
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|[[15th Punjab Assembly|Fifteenth]]  
|[[Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly|Sixteenth]]
|-
|-
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]  
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|-
|-
| [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]  
|[[File:Sikkim legislative Assembly.jpg|frameless|100px]]|| [[List of constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly|List]] || [[Gangtok]] || 32
|[[File:Sikkim Assembly Gangtok.jpg|frameless|100px]]|| [[List of constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly|List]] || [[Gangtok]] || 32
|style="background-color: {{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}" |
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
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|style="background-color: {{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|Second
|[[2nd Telangana Assembly|Second]]
|-
|-
| [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]  
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|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|Seventeenth]]  
|[[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|Eighteenth]]  
|-
|-
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
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|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[4th Uttarakhand Assembly|Fourth]]
|[[5th Uttarakhand Assembly|Fifth]]
|-
|-
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]  
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]  
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|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|Seventeenth  
|[[17th West Bengal Assembly|Seventeenth]]
|-
|-
| Total  
! Total  
|| <center>{{em dash}}</center> || <center>{{em dash}}</center> || <center>{{em dash}}</center> || 4,121<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/seat_in_legislativeassembilies.aspx|publisher=eci.nic.in|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref>
! colspan="3"| {{em dash}}|| 4,121<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/seat_in_legislativeassembilies.aspx|publisher=eci.nic.in|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref>
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | {{em dash}}  
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | {{em dash}}  
|}
|}


==State Legislative Assemblies by ruling parties==
==State Legislative Assemblies by ruling parties==
[[File:State- and union territory-level parties.svg|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Current ruling parties in India
 
{{legend|#FF9933|BJP (12)}}
 
<!-- this section is transcluded on State governments of India -->
[[File:State- and union territory-level parties.svg|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Current ruling parties in India {{legend|#FF9933|BJP (12)}}
{{legend|#FFC969|[[National Democratic Alliance|BJP Alliance]] (5)}}
{{legend|#FFC969|[[National Democratic Alliance|BJP Alliance]] (5)}}
{{legend|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (3)}}{{Legend|#00EBFF|[[United Progressive Alliance|INC Alliance]] (3)}}{{Legend|#ff0000|Unaligned Parties (7)}}
{{legend|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)}}{{Legend|#00EBFF|[[United Progressive Alliance|INC Alliance]] (3)}}{{Legend|#ff0000|Unaligned Parties (8)}}
{{legend|#000000|[[President's rule]] (1)}}
{{legend|#000000|[[President's rule]] (1)}}
{{legend|#808080|[[Union territory|No legislature]] (5)}}]]
{{legend|#808080|[[Union territory|No legislature]] (5)}}]]
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! colspan="2" | Alliance
! colspan="2" | Alliance
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled By'''<br>'''BJP & NDA (17)'''
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled By BJP & NDA (17)'''
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| {{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12
|12
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance|rowspan=6}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)}}
| {{Party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
| {{Party name with colour|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|1
|1
| style="background-color: {{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|National People's Party (India)}}
| {{Party name with colour|National People's Party (India)}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|All India N.R. Congress}}
| {{Party name with colour|All India N.R. Congress}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
| {{Party name with colour|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled by'''<br>'''INC & UPA (6)'''
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled by INC & UPA (5)'''
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|3
|2
| {{Party name with colour|United Progressive Alliance}}
| {{Party name with colour|United Progressive Alliance|rowspan=4}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| {{Party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|United Progressive Alliance}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| {{Party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|United Progressive Alliance}}
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}
| {{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}
|1
|1
| {{Party name with colour|United Progressive Alliance}}
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled By'''<br>'''Unaligned Parties (7)'''
| colspan="5" |'''State Govts Ruled By Unaligned Parties (8)'''
|-
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| {{Party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|1
|2
| {{Party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| {{Party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|-
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| {{Party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}
| {{Party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}
|}
|}
The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] is in power in 17 states/union territories; the [[Indian National Congress]]-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] is in power in 5 states/union territories; 8 states are ruled by other parties/alliances; and 5 union territories do not have a legislative assembly. The newly formed Union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] hasn't had elections to form a government and [[President's rule]] has been imposed there.


==Former State Legislative Assemblies==
==Former State Legislative Assemblies==
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