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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}} | {{EngvarB|date=July 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | ||
The '''Rowlatt Committee''' was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1917 by the [[British India]]n Government with [[Sidney Rowlatt]], an | The '''Rowlatt Committee''' was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1917 by the [[British India]]n Government with [[Sidney Rowlatt]], an Anglo-Egyptian judge, as its president. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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The Rowlatt Act had a significant impact on the political situation of India, irrevocably placing the country on a path of political action headed by [[Gandhi]] that ultimately dominated the [[Indian independence movement]] for the next 20 years. Also known as the Black Act, it vested the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy's]] government with extraordinary powers to quell sedition by silencing the press, detaining the political activists without trial, and arresting without warrant any individuals suspected of sedition or treason. In protest, a nationwide cessation of work (''[[hartal]]'') was called, marking the beginning of widespread, although not nationwide, popular discontent.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} | The Rowlatt Act had a significant impact on the political situation of India, irrevocably placing the country on a path of political action headed by [[Gandhi]] that ultimately dominated the [[Indian independence movement]] for the next 20 years. Also known as the Black Act, it vested the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy's]] government with extraordinary powers to quell sedition by silencing the press, detaining the political activists without trial, and arresting without warrant any individuals suspected of sedition or treason. In protest, a nationwide cessation of work (''[[hartal]]'') was called, marking the beginning of widespread, although not nationwide, popular discontent.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} | ||
The agitation unleashed by the acts culminated on 13 April 1919, in the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in [[Amritsar]], Punjab when the | The agitation unleashed by the acts culminated on 13 April 1919, in the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in [[Amritsar]], Punjab when the Brigadier-General [[Reginald Dyer]], blocked the main entrance to the [[Jallianwallah Bagh]], a walled-in courtyard in Amritsar, and ordered his [[British Indian Army]] soldiers to fire into an unarmed and unsuspecting crowd of some 6,000 people who had assembled there in defiance of a ban. A total of 1,650 rounds were fired, killing 379 people (as according to an official British commission; Indian estimates ranged as high as 1,500<ref>Ackerman, Peter, and Duvall, Jack, ''A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict'' p. 74.</ref>{{full citation needed|date=October 2018}}) and wounding 1,200 in the episode, which dispelled wartime hopes of home rule and goodwill in a frenzy of post-war reaction.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} | ||
==Committee members== | ==Committee members== | ||