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{{short description|Indian independence activist and political leader}} | {{short description|Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader}} | ||
{{Redirect|Loknayak|the 2004 Indian film about him|Loknayak (film)}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Jayaprakash Narayan | | name = Jayaprakash Narayan | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava | ||
| image = | | image = Jawaharlal Nehru with Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped).jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = Lok Nayak Jayprakash Narayan | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|10|11}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|10|11}} | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|10|08|1902|10|11}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|10|08|1902|10|11}} | ||
| birth_place = Sitab Diara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] ( | | birth_place = Sitab Diara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present–day [[Ballia district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_place = [[Patna]], | | death_place = [[Patna]], Bihar, India | ||
| occupation = {{hlist|Activist|theorist|politician}} | | occupation = {{hlist|Activist|theorist|politician}} | ||
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] (M.A., | | alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] (M.A., sociology)<br />[[Ohio State University]] (B. A., behavioral science)<br />[[University of Iowa]] (CHE, discontinued)<br />[[University of California, Berkeley|U.C. Berkeley]] (chemistry, discontinued)<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/> | ||
| spouse = [[Prabhavati Devi]] | | spouse = [[Prabhavati Devi]] | ||
| relatives = [[Brajkishore Prasad]] (father-in-law) | | relatives = [[Brajkishore Prasad]] (father-in-law) | ||
| other_names = JP, Jay Prakash Narayan, ''Lok Nayak'' | | other_names = JP, Jay Prakash Narayan, ''Lok Nayak'' | ||
| movement = [[Quit India]], [[Sarvodaya]], [[JP Movement]] | | movement = [[Quit India]], [[Sarvodaya]], [[JP Movement]] | ||
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br/>[[Janata Party]] | | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />[[Janata Party]] | ||
| awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (1965)|[[Bharat Ratna]] (1999) (posthumously)}} | | awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (1965)|[[Bharat Ratna]] (1999) (posthumously)}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Jayaprakash Narayan''' ({{Audio|Jayaprakash Narayan.ogg|listen}}; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as '''JP''' or '''''Lok Nayak''''' ([[Hindi]] for "'''People's leader'''"), was an [[Indian independence activist]], theorist, socialist and political leader. He is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], for whose overthrow he had called for a "[[Bihar Movement|total revolution]]". His biography, ''Jayaprakash,'' was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of [[Hindi literature]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]]. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. Other awards include the [[Magsaysay award]] for Public Service in 1965. | |||
'''Jayaprakash Narayan''' ({{Audio|Jayaprakash Narayan.ogg|listen}}; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as '''JP''' or '''''Lok Nayak''''' ([[Hindi]] for "People's leader"), was an [[Indian independence activist]], theorist, socialist and political leader. He | |||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
JJayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission |first=Das |last=Ratan |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA7}}</ref><ref name="Devasahayam"/> in the village of Sitabdiara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Ballia district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=Bimal |title=A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561204-2 |page=IX |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfIdAAAAMAAJ&q=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest |language=en}}</ref> Sitabdiara is a large village, straddling two states and three districts — [[Saran district|Saran]] and [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]] in [[Bihar]] and [[Ballia district|Ballia]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html |title=A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152410/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html |archive-date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> His house was near the banks of the flood-prone [[Ghaghara]] river. Every time the river swelled, the house would get a little bit damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh. | |||
He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the | He came from a [[Srivastava]] [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref><ref name="Devasahayam">{{cite book |last1=Devasahayam |first1=M. G. |title=India's Second Freedom: An Untold Saga |date=2004 |publisher=Siddharth Publications |isbn=978-81-7220-157-9 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozNuAAAAMAAJ&q=jayaprakash+narayan+srivastava |language=en |access-date=5 June 2023 |quote=asked him whether Narayan was his surname. He said no and said that he was in fact '''Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava'''. Jayaprakash Narayan is his name and '''Srivastava''' is his surname. Conversations centered on the community of '''Kayasthas'''}}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Scarfe, Allan |author2=Scarfe, Wendy |title=J. P., His Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9|year=1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|page=33|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref> | ||
In October 1918, | In October 1918, Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter [[Prabhavati Devi]], a freedom fighter in her own right.<ref name=Das2005p239 /> After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of [[Gandhi]], Prabhavati became an inmate at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] ([[Ahmedabad]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission |first=Das |last=Ratan |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA18}}</ref> Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} | ||
== Higher education in the United States == | |||
After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the | After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the United States.<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> | ||
At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=The India Express |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/> | At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=The India Express |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/> | ||
After a semester studying chemistry<ref>{{Cite | After a semester studying chemistry<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924064686276?urlappend=%3Bseq=739|title=Register – University of California: 1922/1923|journal=Register |publisher=University of California Press|year=1923|location=Berkeley, California|page=227|hdl=2027/coo.31924064686276?urlappend=%3Bseq=739}}</ref> at UC Berkeley, Jayaprakash was forced to transfer to [[The University of Iowa]] when fees at Berkeley were doubled. He was forced to transfer to many universities thereafter. He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help from Professor [[Edward A. Ross|Edward Ross]]. | ||
In Wisconsin, Jayaprakash was introduced to [[Karl Marx]]'s ''[[Das Kapital]]''. News of the success of the Russian | In Wisconsin, Jayaprakash was introduced to [[Karl Marx]]'s ''[[Das Kapital]]''. News of the success of the [[Bolsheviks]] in [[Russian Civil War]] made Jayaprakash conclude that [[Marxism]] was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses. He delved into books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician [[M. N. Roy]]. His paper on sociology, ''Cultural Variation'',<ref>Narayan, JP. Cultural variation. Diss. The Ohio State University, 1929.</ref> was declared the best of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Writings of Jayprakash Narayan |url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/amarxism.htm |website=www.mkgandhi.org |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> He obtained M.A., Sociology from [[University of Wisconsin]], and B. A., in Behavioral Science from [[Ohio State University]].<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/views/the-idea-of-total-revolution/articleshow/49422574.cms |title=The Idea of 'Total Revolution' |date=16 October 2015 |work=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1975">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/30/archives/a-new-wave-from-the-old-india-out-of-the-past-comes-jp-narayan-a.html |title=A new wave from the old India |author=[[Khushwant Singh]] |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 March 1975 |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
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}}</ref> with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.<ref name="Ralhan 2002 17998 at pages 73–74"/> | }}</ref> with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.<ref name="Ralhan 2002 17998 at pages 73–74"/> | ||
After being jailed in 1930 for [[civil disobedience]] against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in [[Nasik]] Jail, where he met [[Rammanohar Lohia|Ram Manohar Lohia]], [[Minoo Masani]], [[Achyut Patwardhan]], [[Asoka Mehta|Ashok Mehta]], [[Basawon Singh]], Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his release, the [[Congress Socialist Party]], or (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with [[Narendra Deva|Acharya Narendra Deva]] as president and Narayan as General secretary.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} | |||
After being jailed in | |||
When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched the [[Quit India Movement]] in August 1942, [[Yogendra Shukla]] scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail along with Jayaprakash Narayan, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, [[Pandit Ramnandan Mishra]], Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, with a goal to start an underground movement for freedom.<ref name="Srivastava 1988">{{cite book | When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched the [[Quit India Movement]] in August 1942, [[Yogendra Shukla]] scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail along with Jayaprakash Narayan, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, [[Pandit Ramnandan Mishra]], Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, with a goal to start an underground movement for freedom.<ref name="Srivastava 1988">{{cite book | ||
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}}</ref> Many young socialist leaders like [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], Chhotubhai Puranik, [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, [[Yogendra Shukla]] walked to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,<ref name="Srivastava 1988"/> a distance of about 124 kilometres.<ref>[https://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=Hazaribagh+Central+Jail,+Hazaribagh,+Jharkhand&daddr=Gaya,+Bihar&hl=en&sll=24.400154,85.161956&sspn=1.358153,2.705383&geocode=FbyIbgEdiIAWBSE11t7IkSieBylpMaxAKZz0OTE11t7IkSieBw%3BFescegEdP7gQBSkfPBsKRCrzOTGmNL-9I7L2zg&oq=gaya&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=9 Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya]. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.</ref> He also served as the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |title=Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?|work=Patna Daily|date=6 January 2012 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205713/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Chairman of ''Anugrah Smarak Nidhi'' (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund). | }}</ref> Many young socialist leaders like [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], Chhotubhai Puranik, [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, [[Yogendra Shukla]] walked to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,<ref name="Srivastava 1988"/> a distance of about 124 kilometres.<ref>[https://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=Hazaribagh+Central+Jail,+Hazaribagh,+Jharkhand&daddr=Gaya,+Bihar&hl=en&sll=24.400154,85.161956&sspn=1.358153,2.705383&geocode=FbyIbgEdiIAWBSE11t7IkSieBylpMaxAKZz0OTE11t7IkSieBw%3BFescegEdP7gQBSkfPBsKRCrzOTGmNL-9I7L2zg&oq=gaya&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=9 Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya]. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.</ref> He also served as the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |title=Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?|work=Patna Daily|date=6 January 2012 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205713/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Chairman of ''Anugrah Smarak Nidhi'' (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund). | ||
== After Freedom == | |||
Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.<ref name="Bear">{{cite book|title= Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChDDThfsVFcC&pg=PA231|publisher = Columbia University Press|page =231|year=2007|last=Bear|first=Laura|author-link=Laura Bear|isbn = 9780231140027}}</ref> | Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.<ref name="Bear">{{cite book|title= Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChDDThfsVFcC&pg=PA231|publisher = Columbia University Press|page =231|year=2007|last=Bear|first=Laura|author-link=Laura Bear|isbn = 9780231140027}}</ref> | ||
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In the UK, [[Surur Hoda]] launched the "Free JP" campaign chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Noel-Baker]] for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |title=Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi |first=George |last=McRobie |date=30 June 2003 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827035708/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |archive-date=27 August 2013 }}</ref> | In the UK, [[Surur Hoda]] launched the "Free JP" campaign chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Noel-Baker]] for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |title=Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi |first=George |last=McRobie |date=30 June 2003 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827035708/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |archive-date=27 August 2013 }}</ref> | ||
Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency on 18 January 1977 and announced elections. The [[Janata Party]], a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Indira Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a government at the | Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency on 18 January 1977 and announced elections. The [[Janata Party]], a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Indira Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a government at the centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-non-bjp-non-congress-governments-india-have-fared-past-101864 |access-date=26 December 2019 |work=thenewsminute.com |date=16 May 2019}}</ref> On the call of Narayan, many youngsters joined the JP movement.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} | ||
In [[1977 Indian presidential election]], he was proposed to president by [[Janata Party]] leaders. But, he refused it, so Janata leaders decided to [[Neelam Sanjeva Reddy]], then [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] as the president. | |||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
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==Awards== | ==Awards== | ||
[[File:Jayaprakash Narayan 2001 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India]] | [[File:Jayaprakash Narayan 2001 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India]] | ||
*[[Bharat Ratna]], 1999 (Posthumous) for Public Affairs: It is India's highest civilian award.<ref name=nd>{{cite news|last=Correspondent|first=NDTV|title=List of all Bharat Ratna award winners|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-81336|access-date=29 November 2012|newspaper=ndtv.com|date=24 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https:// | *[[Bharat Ratna]], 1999 (Posthumous) for Public Affairs: It is India's highest civilian award.<ref name=nd>{{cite news|last=Correspondent|first=NDTV|title=List of all Bharat Ratna award winners|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-81336|access-date=29 November 2012|newspaper=ndtv.com|date=24 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311165846/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-81336|archive-date=11 March 2013}}</ref> | ||
*Rashtrabhushan Award of [[FIE Foundation]], [[Ichalkaranji]]<ref name="Vaidya"/> | *Rashtrabhushan Award of [[FIE Foundation]], [[Ichalkaranji]]<ref name="Vaidya"/> | ||
*[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]], 1965 for Public Service. | *[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]], 1965 for Public Service. | ||
== Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan == | |||
* The [[Patna | [[File:JP Narayan statue Gaya.jpg|thumb|Jayaprakash Narayan's statue near [[Mirza Ghalib College]] in [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], [[Bihar]], India]] | ||
* The [[Patna Airport]] | |||
* On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|title=Blog Entry# 1555434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|archive-date=18 October 2015|date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=India Rail}}</ref> | * On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|title=Blog Entry# 1555434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|archive-date=18 October 2015|date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=India Rail}}</ref> | ||
* [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge|JP Setu the Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]] | * [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge|JP Setu the Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]] | ||
*[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]]. | *[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]]. | ||
*[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]]. | *[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]]. | ||
*[[Lok Nayak Hospital]] ( | *[[Lok Nayak Hospital]] (hospital in [[New Delhi]] | ||
*[[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science]] (college in [[New Delhi]]) | |||
*JP University (University in Saran District) | |||
==Artistic depictions of JP== | ==Artistic depictions of JP== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://www.india-seminar.com/2001/506/506%20extract.htm A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity] | * [http://www.india-seminar.com/2001/506/506%20extract.htm A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity] | ||
* [http://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/total_revolution.htm Total revolution] | * [http://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/total_revolution.htm Total revolution] | ||
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[[Category:Janata Party politicians]] | [[Category:Janata Party politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]] | [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]] | ||
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]] | ||
[[Category:Indian pacifists]] | [[Category:Indian pacifists]] | ||
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[[Category:Politicians from Patna]] | [[Category:Politicians from Patna]] | ||
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]] | [[Category:The Emergency (India)]] | ||
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | ||
[[Category:English-language writers from India]] | [[Category:English-language writers from India]] | ||
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[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]] | [[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]] | ||
[[Category:Social workers from Bihar]] | [[Category:Social workers from Bihar]] | ||
[[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]] | [[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Academic staff of Bihar National College]] | |||