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{{short description|Indian revolutionary}}
{{short description|Indian revolutionary (1890—1942)}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name=Sachindra Nath Sanyal
| name               = Sachindra Nath Sanyal
|image=Sachindra Nath Sanyal.jpg
| image             = Freedom fighter Sachindranath Sanyal.jpg
|birth_date= 3 April 1890
| caption            = Sanyal
|birth_place=[[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=yes|1890|04|03}}
|death_date= 7 February 1942 (aged 48)
| birth_place       = [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
|death_place=[[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=yes|1942|02|07|1890|04|03}}
|caption= Old vintage phototype sketch of Sanyal
| death_place       = [[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
|movement=[[Indian revolutionary movement]]
| occupation        = [[Revolutionary]]
|organization=Anushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]],
| organization       = [[Anushilan Samiti]], [[Ghadar Party]], [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
|spouse=
| notable_works      = A Life of Captivity ''(Bandi Jeevan)''
| movement          = [[Indian revolutionary movement]]
| criminal_penalty  = [[Capital punishment]]
| criminal_status    = Jailed
| spouse             =
| website            =  
}}
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}


{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio|Sachindra nath.ogg|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] and co-founder of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Republican Army]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]], [[Jatindra Nath Das]], and [[Bhagat Singh]].
'''Sachindra Nath Sanyal''' {{audio|Sachindra nath.ogg|pronunciation}} (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] and a founder of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the [[British Empire in India]]. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Bhagat Singh]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book |title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel |first=Nikhil |last=Govind |edition=Revised |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}
Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were [[Bengali Brahmins]].<ref name="govind">{{cite book |title=Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel |first=Nikhil |last=Govind |edition=Revised |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-31755-976-4 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Hg9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in [[Varanasi|Benaras]], then in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}


==Revolutionary career==
==Revolutionary career==
Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 |first=Jawaid |last=Alam |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition|anullment of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured.
Sanyal founded a branch of the [[Anushilan Samiti]] in [[Patna]] in 1913.<ref name="alam">{{cite book |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937 |first=Jawaid |last=Alam |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-17099-979-9 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C&pg=PA43}}</ref> In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with [[Rash Behari Bose|Rashbehari Bose]] attacked the then [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Viceroy Hardinge]] while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after [[Bengal Partition|annulment of Bengal Partition]]. Hardinge was injured And lady Hardinge died at the attack.


He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=Sep–Oct 1997 |pages=3–27 |doi=10.2307/3517678 |jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.
He was extensively involved in the plans for the [[Ghadar conspiracy]], and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} He was a close associate of [[Rash Behari Bose]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 |first=Amit Kumar |last=Gupta |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=Sep–Oct 1997 |pages=3–27 |doi=10.2307/3517678 |jstor=3517678 }}</ref> After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.


Sanyal was sentenced to life for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |author-link1=Bhagat Singh |first2=Bhupendra |last2=Hooja |author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja |editor-first=Camana |editor-last=Lāla |edition=Reprinted |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}
Sanyal was sentenced to life - term imprisonment for his involvement in the conspiracy<ref name="alam"/> and was imprisoned at [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], where he wrote his book titled ''Bandi Jeevan'' (''A Life of Captivity'', 1922).<ref name="govind"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |author-link1=Bhagat Singh |first2=Bhupendra |last2=Hooja |author-link2=Bhupendra Hooja |editor-first=Camana |editor-last=Lāla |edition=Reprinted |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-18749-672-4 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14}}</ref> He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}


Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3 |first=P. N. |last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions |first=Tudor |last=Balinisteanu |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>
Following the end of the [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1922,<ref name="govind"/> Sanyal, [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3 |first=P. N. |last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12072-506-5 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA245}}</ref> He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled ''The Revolutionary'', that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions |first=Tudor |last=Balinisteanu |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-23029-095-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnkNyjxmk8wC&pg=PA60}}</ref>


Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the [[Kakori conspiracy]] but was among those conspirators released from [[Naini Central Prison]] in August 1937.<ref>{{cite book |title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42 |first=Visalakshi |last=Menon |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-13210-368-4 |pages=82, 135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U82GAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in [[Port Blair]] twice.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} He contracted [[tuberculosis]] in jail and was sent to [[Gorakhpur]] Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.
Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the [[Kakori conspiracy]] but was among those conspirators released from [[Naini Central Prison]] in August 1937.<ref>{{cite book |title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42 |first=Visalakshi |last=Menon |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-13210-368-4 |pages=82, 135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U82GAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in [[Port Blair]] twice.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} He contracted [[tuberculosis]] in jail and was sent to [[Gorakhpur]] Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.


==Beliefs==
==Beliefs==
Sanyal and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] engaged in a famous debate published in ''[[Young India]]'' between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}
Sanyal and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] engaged in a famous debate published in ''[[Young India]]'' between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}


Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were [[Marxism|Marxists]] and thus opposed to religions.  Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]''. [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]] was a close associate of Sanyal.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} He was also supplied with guns by [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>
Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were [[Marxism|Marxists]] and thus opposed to religions.  Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]''. [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]] was a close associate of Sanyal.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} He was also supplied with guns by [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Sanyal participated in Anti-British programs, which resulted in a second prison term and government seizure of his Varanasi property. He died while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.
Sanyal participated in anti-British programs, which resulted in a second [[prison]] term and government [[seizure]] of his [[Varanasi|Benares]] [[property]]. He died of [[tuberculosis]] while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 11:01, 13 December 2022


Sachindra Nath Sanyal
Freedom fighter Sachindranath Sanyal.jpg
Sanyal
Born(1890-04-03)3 April 1890
Benares, Benares State, British India
Died7 February 1942(1942-02-07) (aged 51)
Gorakhpur, United Provinces, British India
OccupationRevolutionary
OrganizationAnushilan Samiti, Ghadar Party, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Notable work
A Life of Captivity (Bandi Jeevan)
MovementIndian revolutionary movement
Criminal penaltyCapital punishment
Criminal statusJailed
Anushilan Samiti
Anushilan samiti symbol.jpg
Influence
List
Anushilan Samiti
List
Notable events
List
Related topics
List

Sachindra Nath Sanyal About this soundpronunciation (help·info) (3 April 1890 — 7 February 1942) was an Indian revolutionary and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Army (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India. He was a mentor for revolutionaries like Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatindra Nath Das, and Bhagat Singh.

Early life[edit]

Sachindra Nath Sanyal's parents were Bengali Brahmins.[1] His father was Hari Nath Sanyal and his mother was Kherod Vasini Devi. He was born in Benaras, then in United Provinces, on 3 April 1890 and married Pratibha Sanyal, with whom he had one son.[citation needed]

Revolutionary career[edit]

Sanyal founded a branch of the Anushilan Samiti in Patna in 1913.[2] In 1912 Delhi Conspiracy Trial Sanyal with Rashbehari Bose attacked the then Viceroy Hardinge while he was making entry into new capital of Delhi after annulment of Bengal Partition. Hardinge was injured And lady Hardinge died at the attack.

He was extensively involved in the plans for the Ghadar conspiracy, and went underground after it was exposed in February 1915.[citation needed] He was a close associate of Rash Behari Bose.[3] After Bose escaped to Japan, Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement.

Sanyal was sentenced to life - term imprisonment for his involvement in the conspiracy[2] and was imprisoned at Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where he wrote his book titled Bandi Jeevan (A Life of Captivity, 1922).[1][4] He was briefly released from jail but when he continued to engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated.[citation needed]

Following the end of the Non-cooperation movement in 1922,[1] Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924.[5] He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled The Revolutionary, that was distributed in large cities of North India on 1 January 1925.[6]

Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the Kakori conspiracy but was among those conspirators released from Naini Central Prison in August 1937.[7] Thus, Sanyal has the unique distinction of having been sent to the Cellular Jail in Port Blair twice.[citation needed] He contracted tuberculosis in jail and was sent to Gorakhpur Jail for his final months. He died on 7 February 1942.

Beliefs[edit]

Sanyal and Mahatma Gandhi engaged in a famous debate published in Young India between 1920 and 1924. Sanyal argued against Gandhi's gradualist approach.[citation needed]

Sanyal was known for his firm Hindu beliefs, although most of his followers were Marxists and thus opposed to religions. Bhagat Singh discusses Sanyal's beliefs in his tract Why I am an Atheist. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee was a close associate of Sanyal.[citation needed] He was also supplied with guns by Maulana Shaukat Ali, who was at that time a supporter of Congress and its non-violent methods but not with the same fervor for non-violence that was expressed by his organization's leader, Gandhi. Another prominent Congressman, Krishna Kant Malaviya, also supplied him with weapons.[8]

Death[edit]

Sanyal participated in anti-British programs, which resulted in a second prison term and government seizure of his Benares property. He died of tuberculosis while serving his second term in prison on 7 February 1942.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Govind, Nikhil (2014). Between Love and Freedom: The Revolutionary in the Hindi Novel (Revised ed.). Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-31755-976-4.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alam, Jawaid (2004). Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921-1937. Mittal Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-8-17099-979-9.
  3. ↑ Gupta, Amit Kumar (September–October 1997). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
  4. ↑ Singh, Bhagat; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007). Lāla, Camana (ed.). The Jail Notebook and Other Writings (Reprinted ed.). LeftWord Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-8-18749-672-4.
  5. ↑ Chopra, P. N. (2003). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3. Sterling Publishers. p. 245. ISBN 978-8-12072-506-5.
  6. ↑ Balinisteanu, Tudor (2012). Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-23029-095-2.
  7. ↑ Menon, Visalakshi (2003). From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42. SAGE Publications India. pp. 82, 135. ISBN 978-8-13210-368-4.
  8. ↑ Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. JSTOR 3517065. (subscription required)

External links[edit]

Template:Indian Revolutionary Movement

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