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{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Kadri Manjunatha Temple|district=[[Dakshina Kannada]]|image=Kadri temple.JPG|locale=[[Kadri, Mangalore]]|deity=Manjunatha (Lord [[Shiva]])|state=[[Karnataka]]}} | {{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Kadri Manjunatha Temple|district=[[Dakshina Kannada]]|image=Kadri temple.JPG|locale=[[Kadri, Mangalore]]|deity=Manjunatha (Lord [[Shiva]])|state=[[Karnataka]]}} | ||
'''Kadri Manjunatha Temple''' is a historic temple in [[Mangalore]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. | '''Kadri Manjunatha Temple''' is a historic temple in [[Mangalore]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The temple of Manjunatheshwara on the hills of Kadri is said to be built during the 10th or 11th century. It was converted to a complete stone structure during the 14th century. | The temple of Manjunatheshwara on the hills of Kadri is said to be built during the 10th or 11th century. It was converted to a complete stone structure during the 14th century. | ||
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It is believed that [[Parashurama]] who was living in Sahyadri, killed the [[Kshatriya|Kshathriyas]] who were cruel and donated the lands to Kashyapa. He prayed to Lord Shiva for a place to live. Lord Shiva assured Parashurama that if he performed a penance at Kadali Kshethra, Lord Shiva would reincarnate as Manjunatha for the betterment of the world. As per Shiva's orders Parashurama threw his axe into the sea and created a place for his penance. Yielding to Parashurama's prayers Lord Shiva appeared to him as Manjunatha with Goddess [[Parvathi]] and stayed at Kadri for the betterment of the world. As per the orders of Manjunatha the Sapthakoti Manthras become the seven Theerthas. | It is believed that [[Parashurama]] who was living in Sahyadri, killed the [[Kshatriya|Kshathriyas]] who were cruel and donated the lands to Kashyapa. He prayed to Lord Shiva for a place to live. Lord Shiva assured Parashurama that if he performed a penance at Kadali Kshethra, Lord Shiva would reincarnate as Manjunatha for the betterment of the world. As per Shiva's orders Parashurama threw his axe into the sea and created a place for his penance. Yielding to Parashurama's prayers Lord Shiva appeared to him as Manjunatha with Goddess [[Parvathi]] and stayed at Kadri for the betterment of the world. As per the orders of Manjunatha the Sapthakoti Manthras become the seven Theerthas. | ||
This temple has [[Hindu]] and [[Buddhist]] histories. Buddhism was practised here till the 10th century AD.<ref name=NAYAK>{{cite news|last=Nayak |first=Amrita |title=History set in bronze |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |access-date=29 June 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=12 April 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309162949/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |archive-date=9 March 2006 }}</ref> But after the decline of Buddhism, the devotion of [[Manjusri]] and [[Avalokiteśvara]] continued in this region. The [[Nath]] cult was embraced towards Buddhism and continued Tantric [[Shiva]] tradition as well. As a result, many Buddhist temples came into the Hindu vortex. According to [[M. Govinda Pai]] this temple was known as ''Kadri Manjunatha'' where is ''Manjunatha'' relates to Shiva and ''Kadri'' is derived from ''Kadri [[Vihara]]'' which was Buddhist [[monastery]] of [[Vajrayana]] cult.<ref name=JAINI>{{cite book|last=Jaini|first= | This temple has [[Hindu]] and [[Buddhist]] histories. Buddhism was practised here till the 10th century AD.<ref name=NAYAK>{{cite news|last=Nayak |first=Amrita |title=History set in bronze |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |access-date=29 June 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=12 April 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309162949/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |archive-date=9 March 2006 }}</ref> But after the decline of Buddhism, the devotion of [[Manjusri]] and [[Avalokiteśvara]] continued in this region. The [[Nath]] cult was embraced towards Buddhism and continued Tantric [[Shiva]] tradition as well. As a result, many Buddhist temples came into the Hindu vortex. According to [[M. Govinda Pai]] this temple was known as ''Kadri Manjunatha'' where is ''Manjunatha'' relates to Shiva and ''Kadri'' is derived from ''Kadri [[Vihara]]'' which was Buddhist [[monastery]] of [[Vajrayana]] cult.<ref name=JAINI>{{cite book|editor-last=Jaini|editor-first=Padmanabh S.|title=Collected papers on Buddhist studies|year=2001|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=8120817761|pages=147–150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlyDot9RyGcC&q=%22kadri%22+%22caves%22&pg=PA148|edition=1.}}</ref> | ||
King Kundavarma of the [[Alupas|Alupa dynasty]] left an inscription on the base of the Avalokiteśvara image stating he was devotee of [[Shiva]]. This image was not of Buddha, but of [[Bodhisattva]], who was being worshiped as integrated form of Shiva. Further M. Govinda Pai has concluded this was center of [[Bodhisattva]] Manjusri's cult. And later on this Bodhisattavs were identified as Saivite deities.<ref name=JAINI /> [[Lingam|Shiv linga]] and [[Bodhisattva]] were worshiped together for centuries at this place until it was converted completely to a Saivite temple. ''Knadarika Vihara'' provides firm inscriptional evidence for this transformation.<ref name=JAINI / | King Kundavarma of the [[Alupas|Alupa dynasty]] left an inscription on the base of the Avalokiteśvara image stating he was devotee of [[Shiva]]. This image was not of Buddha, but of [[Bodhisattva]], who was being worshiped as integrated form of Shiva. Further M. Govinda Pai has concluded this was center of [[Bodhisattva]] Manjusri's cult. And later on this Bodhisattavs were identified as Saivite deities.<ref name=JAINI /> [[Lingam|Shiv linga]] and [[Bodhisattva]] were worshiped together for centuries at this place until it was converted completely to a Saivite temple. ''Knadarika Vihara'' provides firm inscriptional evidence for this transformation.<ref name=JAINI /> | ||
In front of the temple, at a height there are a number of water ponds. There's a garden surrounding the ponds. When one walks down from there in front of the temple is a huge lightpole. During karthika maasa, deepothsava is held here. There are statues of Machendranath, Gorakanath, Shringinath, Lokeshwara, Manjushri, and Buddha in the temple. | In front of the temple, at a height there are a number of water ponds. There's a garden surrounding the ponds. When one walks down from there in front of the temple is a huge lightpole. During karthika maasa, deepothsava is held here. There are statues of Machendranath, Gorakanath, Shringinath, Lokeshwara, Manjushri, and Buddha in the temple. | ||
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{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}} | {{Hindu temples in Karnataka}} | ||
[[Category:Hindu temples | [[Category:Hindu temples in Mangalore]] | ||
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]] | [[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]] | ||
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]] | [[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]] | ||
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Karnataka]] | [[Category:Buddhist sites in Karnataka]] | ||