Ghaghra block: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox settlement

| name                    = Ghaghra

| nickname                = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy -->

| settlement_type        = Community development block

| pushpin_map            = India Jharkhand#India3

| pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Jharkhand    

| coordinates            = {{coord|23.271484|84.551667|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type        = Country  

| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}  

| subdivision_type1      = [[States and territories of India|State]]

| subdivision_name1      = [[Jharkhand]]

| subdivision_type2      = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]

| subdivision_name2      = [[Gumla district|Gumla]]

| government_type        = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]

| unit_pref              = Metric

| area_total_km2          = 544.67

| population_as_of        = 2011

| population_density_km2  = auto

| demographics_type1      = Languages

| demographics1_title1    = Official

| demographics1_info1    = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]

| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1            = +5:30

| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]

| postal_code            = 835208

| area_code_type          = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code

| registration_plate      = JH 07

| blank1_name_sec1        = Literacy

| blank1_info_sec1        = 57.56%

| blank2_name_sec1        = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency

| blank2_info_sec1        = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]

| blank3_name_sec1        = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency

| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Bishunpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishunpur]]

| website                = {{URL|gumla.nic.in/}}  

| footnotes              =  

}}  

'''Ghaghra block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Gumla Sadar subdivision of [[Gumla district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==Maoist activities==  

The [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency |Maoist]] insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla  | title = District Police Profile Gumla| work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref>  

==Geography==  

In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called ''pat'', with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The ''pat'' region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356 ft), Lamiti pat (3,777 ft) and Galgat pat (3,823 ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi Plateau|Ranchi Plateau]] with an average elevation of 2,300 feet.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= page 7: Natural Divisions|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Chota-Nagpur |title = Chota Nagpur plateau |publisher= Britannica| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref>  

Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are [[North Koel River]], [[South Koel River]] and [[Sankh River]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf |title = District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12 |work= page 6| publisher= District administration - Gumla| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref>  

Ghaghra CD block is bounded by [[Senha block|Senha]] CD block in Lohardaga district on the north, [[Sisai block|Sisiai]] CD block on the east, [[Gumla block|Gumla]] and [[Chainpur block, Gumla]] CD blocks on the south, and [[Bishunpur block|Bishunpur]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/gumla.html | title = Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India  | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =  https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/lohardaga.html | title = Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map  | publisher = Maps of India  | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref>  

Ghaghra CD block has an area of 544.67&nbsp;km².<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2021_PART_B_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref>[[Ghaghra, #Police station|Ghaghra]] police station serves Ghaghra CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url =  https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| title= District Police Profile - Gumla |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Ghaghra CD block is located at [[Ghaghra]] town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Gumla district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref>  

==Demographics==

===Population===

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ghaghra CD block had a total population of 114,399, of which 105,819 were rural and 858 were urban. There were 57,147 (50%) males and 57,252 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 20,906. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 2,102 (1.84%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 88,805 (77.63%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Ghaghra CD block was 53,815 (57.56% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 31,975 (68.76% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 21,840 (46.48% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.29%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India  | access-date =  7 October 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Gumla district|collapsible=y}}  

===Language and religion===

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011 census,'' the three most populous mother tongues as returned during the 2001 Census for Gumla district were Nagpuria, Kurukh/ Oraon and Sadan/ Sadri.<ref>{{cite web| url=  

https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 30: Mother Tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 50.75% of the population in the district spoke [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 29.61% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 7% [[Hindi]], 4.69% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 3.73% [[Kharia language|Kharia]] and 2.31% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=9 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref> 

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011 census,'' ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ formed 44.62% of the population, followed by [[Hindus]] (30.19%), [[Christians]] (19.75%), [[Muslims]] (5.62%), and those with negligible percentages - Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, and religion not stated.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title =  District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 30: Note on Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>  

[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): [[Oraon people|Oraon, Dhangars]] (62.63%), [[Munda people|Munda, Patars]] (11.70%), [[Kharia people|Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia]] (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and [[Chik Baraik]] (2.57%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title =  District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==

80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005. <ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf  | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher =  Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand  | publisher = Mint  | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher [[rural poverty]]."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state.  | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | accessdate = 9 October 2021}}</ref>

|caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Ghaghra CD block''' 

|value1 = 74.85

|value2 = 15.52   

|label2 = Agricultural labourers  

|value3 = 2.06 

|label3 = Household industries 

|value4 = 7.58 

|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Ghaghra CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 4,2113 and formed 74.85%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,730 and formed 15.52%, household industry workers numbered 1,158 and formed 2.06% and other workers numbered 4,264 and formed 7.58%. Total workers numbered 56,265 and formed 49.18% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 58,134 and formed 50.82% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url =  https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 51 and 54 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>

<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 9-16 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 9 September 2021}}</ref></small> 

===Infrastructure===

There are 119 inhabited villages in Ghaghra CD block. In 2011, 21 villages had power supply. 2 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 119 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 114 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 13 villages had post offices, 16 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephones (land lines), 51 villages had mobile phone coverage. 119 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 16 villages had bus service (public/ private), 14 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 7 villages had taxi/vans, 20 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 48 villages had [[public distribution system]], 16 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 446-448, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>  

===Agriculture===  

In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf |title = District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12 |work= pages 6, 9| publisher= District administration - Gumla| access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>  

===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== 

Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 9 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012  |publisher= Press Information  Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>  

==Education==

Ghaghra CD block had 30 villages with pre-primary schools, 111 villages with primary schools, 39 villages with middle schools, 7 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 7 villages had no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf  | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 446-448 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 October 2021}}</ref>

<br/><small>.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand</small>

==Healthcare==

{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Gumla district}}