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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} | ||
[[File:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg|thumb|400px|Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins]] | [[File:Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna_basins.jpg|thumb|400px|Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins]] | ||
The ''' | The '''Ganges Basin''' is a part of the [[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]-[[Meghna]] (GBM) basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]], [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. To the north, the [[Himalaya]] or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the [[Indus River|Indus basin]] and then the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] ridge. Southern limits are the [[Vindhya]]s and [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Its [[Drainage basin|catchment]] lies in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (294,364 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (198,962 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Bihar]] (143,961 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Rajasthan]] (112,490 km<sup>2</sup>), [[West Bengal]] (71,485 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Haryana]] (34,341 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Himachal Pradesh]] (4,317 km<sup>2</sup>), [[Delhi]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (1,484 km<sup>2</sup>), the whole of Bangladesh, Nepal and [[Bhutan]]. Several tributaries rise inside Tibet before flowing south through Nepal. The basin has a population of more than 500 million, making it the most populated river basin in the world. | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2014}} | {{more citations needed section|date=August 2014}} | ||
The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby [[Shiwalik]] foothills and the fertile [[Gangetic Plains]]. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc. | The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby [[Shiwalik]] foothills and the fertile [[Gangetic Plains]]. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWqFgEuzqt0|title = Life in the Ganga - Brahmaputra Basin | Human Environment Interaction | Geography Class 7 Chapter 8|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref> | ||
The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 | The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 km<sup>2</sup> of arable land; 29.5% of the cultivable area of India. | ||
Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In [[India]], the states of [[Uttrakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] are affected by floods. [[Bangladesh]] – at the confluence of [[Brahmaputra River]] and [[Ganges River]] – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as [[Kosi River|Kosi]], [[Gandaki River|Gandak]] and [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer [[Monsoon#Asia-Australian Monsoon|Monsoon]], and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent. | Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In [[India]], the states of [[Uttrakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] are affected by floods. [[Bangladesh]] – at the confluence of [[Brahmaputra River]] and [[Ganges River]] – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as [[Kosi River|Kosi]], [[Gandaki River|Gandak]] and [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer [[Monsoon#Asia-Australian Monsoon|Monsoon]], and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent. | ||
The Ganges is joined by Kosi, [[Ghaghra]], Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region. | The Ganges is joined by Kosi, [[Ghaghra]], Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region. | ||
== See also == | |||
* [[Foreland basin]] | |||
* [[Forebulge]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2017.1304129 | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2017.1304129 | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||