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{{Short description|The soul's signifier in Hindu astrology}}
{{Short description|The soul's signifier in Hindu astrology}}
'''Atmakaraka''' ([[Sanskrit]] ''{{IAST|atmakaraka}}'', from ''{{IAST|atma-}}'' 'soul', and ''{{IAST|karaka-}}'' 'significator' .)  Atmakaraka is the significator of the soul's desire in [[Jyotisha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaimini Sutras|url= http://philosophy.ru/library/asiatica/indica/sutra/jaimini.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maharishi Jaimini’s Jaimini Sutram (complete)|author=P.S.Sastri|publisher=Ranjan Publications|edition=2006|url= https://books.google.com/books/about/Maharishi_Jaimini_s_Jaimini_Sutram_compl.html?id=04BGPgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y }}</ref>


==Overview==
'''Atmakaraka''' (from [[Sanskrit]] ''{{IAST|atma-}}'' 'soul', and ''{{IAST|karaka-}}'' 'significator') is the significator of the soul's desire in Jyotisha ([[Hindu astrology]]).  The Atmakaraka is either the Sun or one of the planets (as determined by the astrological chart) and has the strongest influence on the subject of the [[horoscope]] according to [[astrologer]]s.
The natural Atmakaraka is the Sun in all natal charts. The personal Atmakaraka is the Chara Atmakaraka which is considered more important than the natural Atmakaraka (Sun) according to Jaimini's Astrology. ''{{IAST|Chara}}'' in Sanskrit means 'movable', and one of eight [[planet]]s ([[Sun]], [[Moon]], [[Venus]], [[Mars]], [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Jupiter]], [[Saturn]], [[Rahu]]) can be the Chara Atmakaraka, depending on its minutes and seconds (00'00" to 59'59") in the [[natal chart]].  


This is based on the prove from Jaimini's Upadesa Sutras also known as Jaimini Sutras in Chapter 1, First Foot/Subchapter (which is known as Adhikaar Sutras or Rules to be Followed).
== Karakas ==
In astrology, '''karakas''' are the "significators" that determine on which person or thing a planet has influence.  Of these karakas, the most important is the Atmakaraka, significator of the soul, which rules the person who is the subject of the [[horoscope]].<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>  The [[Rāśi|Rasi]] (Zodiac sign) and [[Nakshatra]] ([[lunar mansion]]) in which the Atmakaraka is placed plays an important role in reading the nature of a subject from their chart.{{cn|date=November 2021}}  Counted as planets in this system are;


'''Verse No. 10 in Sanskrit:'''
* [[Surya|Ravi]] (English [[Sun]])
“आत्माधिकः कलादिभिर्नभोगः  सप्तानामष्टानां वा [जैमिनी सूत्रम् – प्रथम अध्याय प्रथम पाद श्लोक 10].
* [[Chandra]] (English [[Moon]])
* [[Mangala|Kuja]] (English [[Mars]])
* [[Budha]] (English [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]])
* [[Brihaspati|Guru]] (English [[Jupiter]])
* [[Shukra|Sukra]] (English [[Venus]])
* [[Shani|Sani]] (English [[Saturn]])
In some versions, one or both of the following are also included
* [[Rahu]]
* [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>


'''Sanskrit Transliteration:'''
Rahu and Ketu are "shadow planets", that is, they have no physical existence. They are positioned at the [[lunar node]]s.  These have [[retrograde motion]].{{cn|date=November 2021}}
“Ātmādhikaḥ kalādibhirnabhōgaḥ saptānāmaṣṭānāṁ vā [jaiminī sūtram – prathama adhyāya prathama pāda ślōka 10].


'''English Translation & Meaning:'''
In the astrology of [[Parashara]], the assignment of karakas to planets is permanently fixed.  In the astrology of [[Jaimini]], the karakas are assigned to planets according to the position of the planet in the [[Zodiac]] in the astrological chart being drawn up.<ref>Raman, pp. 6–7</ref>
[Ātmā - Atmakaraka/Significator of the Soul], [ādhikaḥ - More/Highest], [kalādibhir - Starting from the Minutes and Seconds of an Arc], [nabhōgaḥ - Planet/Celestial body], [saptānām - 7], [aṣṭānāṁ - 8], [vā - or].


Atmakaraka/Significator of the Soul is the planet that obtained the highest minutes and seconds from a group of either 7 planets (Sun to Saturn) or 8 planets (Sun to Rahu) => Jaimini Sutram - Chapter 1, First Foot/Subchapter, verse No. 10 [jaiminī sūtram – prathama adhyāya prathama pāda ślōka 10].
== Moveable karakas ==
The '''moveable karakas''', or '''Chara karakas''' (from Sanskrit ''{{IAST|Chara}}'', 'movable'), are the karakas published by Jaimini in the ''[[Upadesa Sutras]]''.<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>


'''Informations to be Noted:'''
The assignment of karakas to planets is determined by the [[celestial longitude]] of the planet relative to the beginning of the [[Hindu signs of the zodiac|sign of the zodiac]] in which the planet is placed in the chart.  That is, the planet will move from 0° relative longitude where it enters the sign to 30° where it crosses into the next sign of the zodiac. The Atmakaraka is the planet with the greatest relative celestial longitude.  The other karakas are assigned to planets in descending order of relative celestial longitude according to the following table.<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>
Kalādibhir or also known as ('''Kala - Vikala''' which means Minutes and Seconds of an Arc). Based on the verse stated earlier, Sage Jaimini has clearly mentioned that the planet with the highest minutes and seconds must be taken as the Chara Atmakaraka.


'''Therefore it is right to conclude that the planet that has the highest minutes and seconds is considered the Chara Atmakaraka.'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaimini Sutras|url= http://philosophy.ru/library/asiatica/indica/sutra/jaimini.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maharishi Jaimini’s Jaimini Sutram (complete)|author=P.S.Sastri|publisher=Ranjan Publications|edition=2006|url= https://books.google.com/books/about/Maharishi_Jaimini_s_Jaimini_Sutram_compl.html?id=04BGPgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y }}</ref>
{| class=wikitable
|-
!Name||Karaka||Lordship over||Notes
|-
|Atma||Atmakaraka||Oneself, the soul||Strongest influence in the horoscope<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>
|-
|Amatya||Amatyakaraka||Mind, close associate||<ref>{{multiref|Raman, p. 8|Mathur, p. 44}}</ref>
|-
|Bhratru||Bhratrukaraka||Brothers||<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>
|-
|Matru||Matrukaraka||Mother||<ref>Raman, p. 8</ref>
|-
|Pitru||Pitrukaraka||Father||Omitted by some sources<ref>{{multiref|Raman, p. 9|Mathur, p. 44}}</ref>
|-
|Putra||Putrakaraka||Children||<ref>Raman, p. 8</ref>
|-
|Gnathi||Gnathikaraka||Relations||<ref>Raman, p. 8</ref>
|-
|Dara||Darakaraka||Husband/Wife||<ref>Raman, p. 8</ref>
|}


In Jaimini Astrology following karakas exist:
In the rare cases when two planets have the same relative celestial longitude to the nearest [[second of arc]] then they are both assigned to the same karaka.  To avoid the last karaka (Dara) being left without a planet. Rahu is included with the usual seven planets.  However, because Rahu has [[retrograde motion]], the relative celestial longitude of Rahu is measured from the end of the sign it is in, not the beginning.  In the even rarer case when more than two planets share the same relative longitude, there will be more than one karaka without a planet.  After assigning Rahu to the leftover karaka highest up the hierarchy, the remainder of leftover karakas are assigned the planet that has the same lordship as in the fixed karakas.<ref>Raman, p. 9</ref>


# Atmakaraka (Own Self, [Considered the strongest planet irrespective of exaltation, debilitation or combustion])
=== Pitrukaraka ===
# Amatyakaraka (Associates)
There is some disagreement over whether Pitrukaraka should be included in the hierarchy of karakas when assigning planets.  Pitrukaraka exists in the ancient texts but it is not clear that it should be given the same treatment as the others.  Without Pitrukaraka, seven planets are required for assignment.  With Pitrukaraka, eight planets are required for assignment so Rahu in included with the usual seven.<ref>Raman, p. 9</ref>  Parashara in ''[[Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra]]'' supports the seven-karaka system.<ref>Raman, pp. 9–10</ref>
# Bhratrukaraka (Siblings)
# Matrukaraka (Mother)
# Pitrukaraka (Father)
# Putrakaraka (Children)
# Gnatikaraka (Relatives)
# Darakaraka (Husband/Wife)


=== Jaimini's text ===
This system of karakas is based on the ''Upadesa Sutras'' in Chapter 1, First Foot/Subchapter (which is known as Adhikaar Sutras or Rules to be Followed).


Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra gave an 8th karaka - Pitrukaraka; however, some only uses the redacted version of only 7 karakas (removing Pitrukaraka altogether). In Jaimini [[Astrology]] these karakas are identified from the descending order of minutes.  
==== Verse No. 10 in Sanskrit ====
“आत्माधिकः कलादिभिर्नभोगः  सप्तानामष्टानां वा [जैमिनी सूत्रम् – प्रथम अध्याय प्रथम पाद श्लोक 10].


The planet with highest minutes and seconds will become the Atmakaraka. The next planet with lesser minutes and seconds will be Amatyakarka and so on.  
==== Sanskrit Transliteration ====
“Ātmādhikaḥ kalādibhirnabhōgaḥ  saptānāmaṣṭānāṁ vā [jaiminī sūtram – prathama adhyāya prathama pāda ślōka 10].


Since the [[lunar node]]s naturally moves in a retrograde/backwards movement, apply the exact minutes and seconds of the [[lunar node]]s and do not inverse it. Same thing has to be done when the five planets namely Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are in a retrograde movement.
==== English Translation & Meaning ====
[Ātmā - Atmakaraka/Significator of the Soul], [ādhikaḥ - More/Highest], [kalādibhir - Starting from the Minutes and Seconds of an Arc], [nabhōgaḥ - Planet/Celestial body], [saptānām - 7], [aṣṭānāṁ - 8], [vā - or].<ref>Sastri</ref>


In the case, of two planets having the same highest minutes then consider the planet with the higher seconds as the Chara Atmakaraka and the planet with the lesser seconds as the Chara Amatyakaraka.
==  Fixed karakas ==
The '''fixed karakas''', '''natural karakas''', or '''Sthira karakas''', are karakas which have a fixed association with the planets as described by Parashara.<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>


The Rasi and Nakshatra in which the Atmakaraka is placed plays an important role in deciding and determining your true nature.
{| class=wikitable
|-
!Planet||Karaka||Lordship over||Notes
|-
|[[Surya|Ravi]] (Sun)||Atmakaraka||The soul, father<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>||Strongest influence in the horoscope<ref>Raman, p. 7</ref>
|-
|[[Chandra]] (Moon)||Matrukaraka||Mother||<ref>Raman, pp. 6,8</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Mangala|Kuja]] (Mars)||Bhratrukaraka||Brothers||<ref>Raman, pp. 6,7</ref>
|-
|Gnathikaraka||Cousins||<ref>Raman, p. 8</ref>
|-
|[[Budha]] (Mercury)||Amatyakaraka||Profession||The planet for Amatyakaraka is not given in Parashara, this association is assumed by later astrologers.<ref>Raman, p. 6,7</ref>
|-
|[[Brihaspati|Guru]] (Jupiter)||Putrakaraka||Children||<ref>Raman, pp. 6,8</ref>
|-
|[[Shukra|Sukra]] (Venus)||Darakaraka||Husband/wife||<ref>Raman, pp. 6,8</ref>
|-
|[[Shani|Sani]] (Saturn)|| ||Longevity||<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>
|-
|[[Rahu]]|| ||Matrnal relations||<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>
|-
|[[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]|| ||Paternal relations||<ref>Raman, p. 6</ref>
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* Mathur, Dinesh Shankar, ''Predictive Astrology: An Insight'', Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 1999 {{ISBN|812081388X}}.
* Raman, Bangalore V., ''Studies in Jaimini Astrology'', Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2003 {{ISBN|8120813979}}.
* Sastri, Pothukuchi Subrahmanya, ''Maharishi Jaimini's Jaimini Sutram (complete)'', Ranjan Publications, 2006 {{isbn|9788188230181}}.


{{Jyotish Vidya}}
{{Jyotish Vidya}}
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[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:Technical factors of Hindu astrology]]
[[Category:Technical factors of Hindu astrology]]
{{astrology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:43, 26 November 2021


Atmakaraka (from Sanskrit atma- 'soul', and karaka- 'significator') is the significator of the soul's desire in Jyotisha (Hindu astrology). The Atmakaraka is either the Sun or one of the planets (as determined by the astrological chart) and has the strongest influence on the subject of the horoscope according to astrologers.

Karakas[edit]

In astrology, karakas are the "significators" that determine on which person or thing a planet has influence. Of these karakas, the most important is the Atmakaraka, significator of the soul, which rules the person who is the subject of the horoscope.[1] The Rasi (Zodiac sign) and Nakshatra (lunar mansion) in which the Atmakaraka is placed plays an important role in reading the nature of a subject from their chart.[citation needed] Counted as planets in this system are;

In some versions, one or both of the following are also included

Rahu and Ketu are "shadow planets", that is, they have no physical existence. They are positioned at the lunar nodes. These have retrograde motion.[citation needed]

In the astrology of Parashara, the assignment of karakas to planets is permanently fixed. In the astrology of Jaimini, the karakas are assigned to planets according to the position of the planet in the Zodiac in the astrological chart being drawn up.[3]

Moveable karakas[edit]

The moveable karakas, or Chara karakas (from Sanskrit Chara, 'movable'), are the karakas published by Jaimini in the Upadesa Sutras.[4]

The assignment of karakas to planets is determined by the celestial longitude of the planet relative to the beginning of the sign of the zodiac in which the planet is placed in the chart. That is, the planet will move from 0° relative longitude where it enters the sign to 30° where it crosses into the next sign of the zodiac. The Atmakaraka is the planet with the greatest relative celestial longitude. The other karakas are assigned to planets in descending order of relative celestial longitude according to the following table.[5]

Name Karaka Lordship over Notes
Atma Atmakaraka Oneself, the soul Strongest influence in the horoscope[6]
Amatya Amatyakaraka Mind, close associate [7]
Bhratru Bhratrukaraka Brothers [8]
Matru Matrukaraka Mother [9]
Pitru Pitrukaraka Father Omitted by some sources[10]
Putra Putrakaraka Children [11]
Gnathi Gnathikaraka Relations [12]
Dara Darakaraka Husband/Wife [13]

In the rare cases when two planets have the same relative celestial longitude to the nearest second of arc then they are both assigned to the same karaka. To avoid the last karaka (Dara) being left without a planet. Rahu is included with the usual seven planets. However, because Rahu has retrograde motion, the relative celestial longitude of Rahu is measured from the end of the sign it is in, not the beginning. In the even rarer case when more than two planets share the same relative longitude, there will be more than one karaka without a planet. After assigning Rahu to the leftover karaka highest up the hierarchy, the remainder of leftover karakas are assigned the planet that has the same lordship as in the fixed karakas.[14]

Pitrukaraka[edit]

There is some disagreement over whether Pitrukaraka should be included in the hierarchy of karakas when assigning planets. Pitrukaraka exists in the ancient texts but it is not clear that it should be given the same treatment as the others. Without Pitrukaraka, seven planets are required for assignment. With Pitrukaraka, eight planets are required for assignment so Rahu in included with the usual seven.[15] Parashara in Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra supports the seven-karaka system.[16]

Jaimini's text[edit]

This system of karakas is based on the Upadesa Sutras in Chapter 1, First Foot/Subchapter (which is known as Adhikaar Sutras or Rules to be Followed).

Verse No. 10 in Sanskrit[edit]

“आत्माधिकः कलादिभिर्नभोगः सप्तानामष्टानां वा [जैमिनी सूत्रम् – प्रथम अध्याय प्रथम पाद श्लोक 10].

Sanskrit Transliteration[edit]

“Ātmādhikaḥ kalādibhirnabhōgaḥ saptānāmaṣṭānāṁ vā [jaiminī sūtram – prathama adhyāya prathama pāda ślōka 10].

English Translation & Meaning[edit]

[Ātmā - Atmakaraka/Significator of the Soul], [ādhikaḥ - More/Highest], [kalādibhir - Starting from the Minutes and Seconds of an Arc], [nabhōgaḥ - Planet/Celestial body], [saptānām - 7], [aṣṭānāṁ - 8], [vā - or].[17]

Fixed karakas[edit]

The fixed karakas, natural karakas, or Sthira karakas, are karakas which have a fixed association with the planets as described by Parashara.[18]

Planet Karaka Lordship over Notes
Ravi (Sun) Atmakaraka The soul, father[19] Strongest influence in the horoscope[20]
Chandra (Moon) Matrukaraka Mother [21]
Kuja (Mars) Bhratrukaraka Brothers [22]
Gnathikaraka Cousins [23]
Budha (Mercury) Amatyakaraka Profession The planet for Amatyakaraka is not given in Parashara, this association is assumed by later astrologers.[24]
Guru (Jupiter) Putrakaraka Children [25]
Sukra (Venus) Darakaraka Husband/wife [26]
Sani (Saturn) Longevity [27]
Rahu Matrnal relations [28]
Ketu Paternal relations [29]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  2. ↑ Raman, p. 6
  3. ↑ Raman, pp. 6–7
  4. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  5. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  6. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  7. ↑ Raman, p. 8
    • Mathur, p. 44
  8. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  9. ↑ Raman, p. 8
  10. ↑ Raman, p. 9
    • Mathur, p. 44
  11. ↑ Raman, p. 8
  12. ↑ Raman, p. 8
  13. ↑ Raman, p. 8
  14. ↑ Raman, p. 9
  15. ↑ Raman, p. 9
  16. ↑ Raman, pp. 9–10
  17. ↑ Sastri
  18. ↑ Raman, p. 6
  19. ↑ Raman, p. 6
  20. ↑ Raman, p. 7
  21. ↑ Raman, pp. 6,8
  22. ↑ Raman, pp. 6,7
  23. ↑ Raman, p. 8
  24. ↑ Raman, p. 6,7
  25. ↑ Raman, pp. 6,8
  26. ↑ Raman, pp. 6,8
  27. ↑ Raman, p. 6
  28. ↑ Raman, p. 6
  29. ↑ Raman, p. 6

Bibliography[edit]

  • Mathur, Dinesh Shankar, Predictive Astrology: An Insight, Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 1999 ISBN 812081388X.
  • Raman, Bangalore V., Studies in Jaimini Astrology, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2003 ISBN 8120813979.
  • Sastri, Pothukuchi Subrahmanya, Maharishi Jaimini's Jaimini Sutram (complete), Ranjan Publications, 2006 ISBN 9788188230181.

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