Tava: Difference between revisions

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Tapa is just one more local variant of tav/wa

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->Arminden

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 [[File:Tava.JPG|thumb|A concave tawa designed for use in a home kitchen]]
-A '''tava(h)''', '''tawa(h)''', '''tapa''', '''saj''', or '''saj tava''' is a flat or concave disc-shaped [[frying pan]] or [[griddle]], usually made of [[cast iron]], [[aluminum]], or [[carbon steel]].<ref>Petrina Verma Sarkar, "What Is an Indian Tawa?", ''The Spruce Eats'' [https://www.thespruceeats.com/definition-of-tava-tawa-1957547 April 13, 2019]</ref> It may be [[vitreous enamel|enameled]] or given a [[non-stick surface]].<ref>Marie Simmons, ''Things Cooks Love: Implements, Ingredients, Recipes'', 2008, {{isbn|0740769766}}, p. 251</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/South_Indian_Cooking/3m6DBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tava+non+stick&pg=PT32|isbn = 9788189491796|title = South Indian Cooking|publisher = Sanjay & Co}}</ref> It is used in the cuisines of [[Central Asian cuisine|Central]], [[Middle Eastern cuisine|West]], and [[cuisine of the Indian subcontinent|South]] Asia, and of the [[Caucasian cuisine|Caucasus]], the [[Caribbean cuisine|Caribbean]], and the [[Balkans]]. The large concave styles of tava, sometimes called a ''saj'' or ''sac tava'', may be turned upside down for cooking a variety of [[flatbread]]s on the convex side. The concave side is used like a [[wok]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fodor_s_Turkey/FEVEAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sac+tava+wok&pg=PT751|isbn=9780804141925|title=Fodor's Turkey|date=27 May 2014|publisher=Fodor's Travel}}</ref> or frying pan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuKACwAAQBAJ&q=tawa+caribbean&pg=PA14|title=Caribbean Vegan: Meat-Free, Egg-Free, Dairy-Free Authentic Island Cuisine for Every Occasion|last=Mason|first=Taymer|date=2016-11-29|publisher=The Experiment|isbn=9781615193615|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/definition-of-tava-tawa-1957547|title=How Do You Use a Tawa to Cook Indian?|website=The Spruce Eats|language=en|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref>
+A '''tava(h)''' / '''tawa(h)''' (mainly on the [[Indian subcontinent]]), '''saj''' (in Arabic), '''saç''' (in Turkish) and other variations and combinations thereof, {{clarify|reason=NOT helpful to drop all local variants into the first sentence of the grid. Local patriotism has to be left out. Only main variants here, the rest further down, or the user is overwhelmed and misses the entire point.|date=December 2021}} is a metal-made cooking utensil.<ref name=Sarkar>{{Cite web |author= Petrina Verma Sarkar |title=What Is an Indian Tawa? |website=The Spruce Eats |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/definition-of-tava-tawa-1957547 |access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref> The tawa is round and can be flat, but more commonly has a curved profile, and while the [[concave (disambiguation)|concave]] side can be used as a [[wok]] or [[frying pan]], the convex side is used for cooking [[flatbread]]s and [[pancake]]s.<ref name=Sarkar/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fodor_s_Turkey/FEVEAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sac+tava+wok&pg=PT751|isbn=9780804141925|title=Fodor's Turkey|date=27 May 2014|publisher=Fodor's Travel}}</ref>
-==Etymology==
+The Indian tawa might have a handle or not, and it can be made of [[cast iron]] or [[aluminum]],<ref name=Sarkar/> or of [[carbon steel]].{{cn|date=December 2021}} The utensil may be [[vitreous enamel|enameled]] or given a [[non-stick surface]].<ref>Marie Simmons, ''Things Cooks Love: Implements, Ingredients, Recipes'', 2008, {{isbn|0740769766}}, p. 251</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title= South Indian Cooking |publisher= Sanjay & Co |isbn= 9788189491796 |url= https://www.google.com/books/edition/South_Indian_Cooking/3m6DBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tava+non+stick&pg=PT32 }}</ref> The tawa and saj are used in the cuisines of [[cuisine of the Indian subcontinent|South]],<ref name=Sarkar/> [[Central Asian cuisine|Central]], and [[Middle Eastern cuisine|West]] Asia, as well as of the [[Caucasian cuisine|Caucasus]] and the [[Balkans]]. The Indian tawa may even be used for [[Caribbean cuisine|Caribbean dishes]].<ref name=Island>{{Cite book |last=Mason |first=Taymer |title= Caribbean Vegan: Meat-Free, Egg-Free, Dairy-Free Authentic Island Cuisine for Every Occasion |publisher=The Experiment |year=2016 |isbn=9781615193615 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wuKACwAAQBAJ&q=tawa+caribbean&pg=PA14 |access-date= 2021-12-21}}</ref>
-In nearly all [[Indo-Aryan languages]] such as [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Modern Hindi|Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] ''tawaa'' means cooking pan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:4537.platts |title=A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English |publisher=Dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu |access-date=2017-10-11}}</ref> It is cognate with the [[Persian language|Persian]] word ''tāve'' ({{lang|fa|تاوه}}{{rtl}}),<ref>F. Steingass, ''A Comprehensive Persian–English Dictionary'', 1930, p. 277</ref> which is used in Iran, and with the [[Georgian language|Georgian]] ''tapa'' (ტაფა); while the name ''saj'' (({{lang|ar|صاج}}) in Arabic, ''lit.'' sheet-metal)<ref>Maxime Rodinson, ''et al.'', ''Medieval Arab cookery'', 2001, p. 154</ref><ref>Hans Wehr, ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', 1966, p. 499</ref> and written ''saç'' or ''sac'' in Turkish is used in Southwest Asia, with overlap in Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref>Suad Joseph, Afsaneh Najmabadi, ''Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Family, body, sexuality and health'', 2005, p. 109</ref> The word ''tava'' is also used in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian and Turkish and refers to any kind of frying pan. In Romanian, ''tava'' means tray, such as those used for serving food and drink or for putting in an oven. In Serbia and Bulgaria, flat ceramic ''сач'' or ''сачѐ'' (sach/sache) are used for table-top cooking of thin slices of vegetables and meat; ''тава'' (tava), on the other hand, are metal baking dishes with sides. In [[Pashto]] it is more popularly known as tabakhey (تبخے/طبخی).
+==Names by region==
+===Tava, tawa===
+In Iran the [[Persian language|Persian]] word '''''tāve''''' ({{lang|fa|تاوه}}{{rtl}}) is used<ref>F. Steingass, ''A Comprehensive Persian–English Dictionary'', 1930, p. 277</ref> (but see here-below for the use of ''saj'' in Iran). It is cognate with '''''tawaa''''', a words which in nearly all [[Indo-Aryan languages]] such as [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Modern Hindi|Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] means cooking pan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:4537.platts |title=A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English |publisher=Dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu |access-date=2017-10-11}}</ref> In Afghanistan the curved cast-iron utensil used for cooking bread is known as '''''tawah''''',<ref name=EWIC/> but in [[Pashto]] it is more popularly known as '''''tabakhey''''' (تبخے/طبخی).{{cn|date=December 2021}} The [[Georgian language|Georgian]] cognate is '''''tapa''''' (ტაფა).{{cn|date=December 2021}}
+===Saj, saç===
+'''''Saj''''' (({{lang|ar|صاج}}, ''lit.'' sheet-metal) is the cognate of ''tava'' in Arabic,<ref>Maxime Rodinson, ''et al.'', ''Medieval Arab cookery'', 2001, p. 154</ref><ref>Hans Wehr, ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', 1966, p. 499</ref> with the equivalent '''''saç''''' or '''''sac''''' in Turkish, and is used in Southwest Asia.<ref name=EWIC>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Joseph |editor-first= Suad |editor-link= Suad Joseph |editor-last2= Najmabadi |editor-first2= Afsaneh |editor-link2= Afsaneh Najmabadi |title= Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures |volume= 3: Family, Body, Sexuality And Health |page= 109 |publisher= BRILL |year= 2003 |isbn= 9004128190 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bzXzWgVajnQC&pg=PA109 |access-date= 21 December 2021}}</ref> In Iran ''saj'' is used for the curved iron plate employed in cooking bread<ref name=EWIC/> (but see here-above for the use of ''tāve'' in Iran).
+===Variants, change of meaning===
+The word '''''tava''''' is also used in Turkish and all across the Balkans, and refers to any kind of frying pan.{{cn|date=December 2021}}{{dubious |reason= Introduced on 23 January 2011 by Lambiam, who proved less than rigorous on this page back then.|date= December 2021}} In Serbia and Bulgaria however, a ''тава'' (''tava'') is a metal baking tray with raised margins (for the meaning of ''sach'' in those same countries, see here-below).{{cn|date=December 2021}} In Romanian too, ''tava'' can mean [[baking tray]], such as are employed for baking in an oven, but it can also mean [[tray]], such as used for serving food and drink.<ref>[https://dexonline.ro/definitie/tavă "tavă"] at [[Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române|DEX]] online. Accessed 22 Dec 2021.</ref>
+The '''[[sač]]''' is a saj-shaped lid used as a cooking utensil in the Balkans. In Serbia and Bulgaria, the flat ceramic ''сач'' ('''''sach''''') or ''сачѐ'' ('''''sachè''''') is used for table-top cooking of thin slices of vegetables and meat{{cn|reason=The Bulgarian meaning comes from a native speaker, see talk-page, so fully trustworthy, but a source would help. Also, Serbian is quite a different language, I hope he got it right-especially since we also have sač for , which isn't used for "table-top" cooking.|date=December 2021}} (for the meaning of ''tava'' in those same countries, see here-above).
 <gallery mode="packed">
 File:Pita.jpg|[[Pita]] being baked on a convex saj
-Food_Gechresh_Azerbaijan_01.jpg|Reversible [[Azerbaijani cuisine|Azerbaijani]] sadj with handles
+Food_Gechresh_Azerbaijan_01.jpg|Reversible [[Azerbaijani cuisine|Azerbaijani]] sac with handles
 </gallery>
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 * [[Injera#Baking surface|Mittad]]
 * [[Mongolian barbecue]], a Taiwanese grill dish sometimes using a saj-like frying pan
-* [[Sač]], a cooking utensil used in the Balkans with a saj-shaped lid
 * [[List of cooking vessels]]